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a) \(\left| {\overrightarrow a + \overrightarrow b } \right| = \left| {\overrightarrow a } \right| + \left| {\overrightarrow b } \right| \Leftrightarrow {\left| {\overrightarrow a + \overrightarrow b } \right|^2} = {\left( {\left| {\overrightarrow a } \right| + \left| {\overrightarrow b } \right|} \right)^2}\)
\( \Leftrightarrow {\left( {\overrightarrow a + \overrightarrow b } \right)^2} = {\left( {\left| {\overrightarrow a } \right| + \left| {\overrightarrow b } \right|} \right)^2} \Leftrightarrow {\left( {\overrightarrow a } \right)^2} + 2\overrightarrow a .\overrightarrow b + {\left( {\overrightarrow b } \right)^2} = {\left| {\overrightarrow a } \right|^2} + 2.\left| {\overrightarrow a } \right|.\left| {\overrightarrow b } \right| + {\left| {\overrightarrow b } \right|^2}\)
\( \Leftrightarrow {\left| {\overrightarrow a } \right|^2} + 2\overrightarrow a .\overrightarrow b + {\left| {\overrightarrow b } \right|^2} = {\left| {\overrightarrow a } \right|^2} + 2.\left| {\overrightarrow a } \right|.\left| {\overrightarrow b } \right| + {\left| {\overrightarrow b } \right|^2}\)
\( \Leftrightarrow 2\overrightarrow a .\overrightarrow b = 2\left| {\overrightarrow a } \right|.\left| {\overrightarrow b } \right|\)
\( \Leftrightarrow 2\left| {\overrightarrow a } \right|.\left| {\overrightarrow b } \right|\cos \left( {\overrightarrow a ,\overrightarrow b } \right) = 2\left| {\overrightarrow a } \right|.\left| {\overrightarrow b } \right|\)
\( \Leftrightarrow \cos \left( {\overrightarrow a ,\overrightarrow b } \right) = 1 \Leftrightarrow \left( {\overrightarrow a ,\overrightarrow b } \right) = 0^\circ \)
Vậy \(\left| {\overrightarrow a + \overrightarrow b } \right| = \left| {\overrightarrow a } \right| + \left| {\overrightarrow b } \right| \Leftrightarrow \overrightarrow a , \,\overrightarrow b \) cùng hướng.
b) \(\left| {\overrightarrow a + \overrightarrow b } \right| = \left| {\overrightarrow a - \overrightarrow b } \right| \Leftrightarrow {\left| {\overrightarrow a + \overrightarrow b } \right|^2} = {\left| {\overrightarrow a - \overrightarrow b } \right|^2}\)
\( \Leftrightarrow {\left( {\overrightarrow a + \overrightarrow b } \right)^2} = {\left( {\overrightarrow a - \overrightarrow b } \right)^2}\)
\( \Leftrightarrow {\left( {\overrightarrow a } \right)^2} + 2\overrightarrow a .\overrightarrow b + {\left( {\overrightarrow b } \right)^2} = {\left( {\overrightarrow a } \right)^2} - 2\overrightarrow a .\overrightarrow b + {\left( {\overrightarrow b } \right)^2}\)
\( \Leftrightarrow 2\overrightarrow a .\overrightarrow b = - 2\overrightarrow a .\overrightarrow b \Leftrightarrow 4\overrightarrow a .\overrightarrow b = 0\)
\( \Leftrightarrow \overrightarrow a .\overrightarrow b = 0 \Leftrightarrow \left( {\overrightarrow a ,\overrightarrow b } \right) = 90^\circ \)
Vậy \(\left| {\overrightarrow a + \overrightarrow b } \right| = \left| {\overrightarrow a - \overrightarrow b } \right| \Leftrightarrow \overrightarrow a ,\overrightarrow b \) vuông góc với nhau.
Vectơ pháp tuyến của đường thẳng \(\Delta :2x - 3y + 4 = 0\)là: \(\overrightarrow n = \left( {2; - 3} \right)\).
Chọn D
a) Đúng
b) Sai vì: \(\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}=\left(0;2\right)\ne\overrightarrow{0}\).
c) Sai vì \(\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}=\left(7;7\right)\ne\overrightarrow{0}\)
Ta có: \(AB = BC = CD = DA = 1;\)
\(AC = BD = \sqrt {A{B^2} + B{C^2}} = \sqrt {{1^2} + {1^2}} = \sqrt 2 \)
a) \(\overrightarrow a = \overrightarrow {OB} - \overrightarrow {OD} = \overrightarrow {OB} + \overrightarrow {DO} = \left( {\overrightarrow {DO} + \overrightarrow {OB} } \right) = \overrightarrow {DB} \)
\( \Rightarrow \left| {\overrightarrow a } \right| = \left| {\overrightarrow {DB} } \right| = DB = \sqrt 2 \)
b) \(\overrightarrow b = \left( {\overrightarrow {OC} - \overrightarrow {OA} } \right) + \left( {\overrightarrow {DB} - \overrightarrow {DC} } \right)\)
\( = \left( {\overrightarrow {OC} + \overrightarrow {AO} } \right) + \left( {\overrightarrow {DB} + \overrightarrow {CD} } \right) = \left( {\overrightarrow {AO} + \overrightarrow {OC} } \right) + \left( {\overrightarrow {CD} + \overrightarrow {DB} } \right)\)
\( = \overrightarrow {AC} + \overrightarrow {CB} = \overrightarrow {AB} \)
\( \Rightarrow \left| {\overrightarrow b } \right| = \left| {\overrightarrow {AB} } \right| = AB = 1\)
Chú ý khi giải:
Khi có dấu trừ phía trước ta thường thay bằng vectơ đối của nó và ngược lại
A B C D O M N
a)
Các véc tơ cùng phương với \(\overrightarrow{AB}\) là:
\(\overrightarrow{MO};\overrightarrow{OM};\overrightarrow{MN};\overrightarrow{NM};\overrightarrow{NO};\overrightarrow{ON};\overrightarrow{DC};\overrightarrow{CD};\overrightarrow{BA};\overrightarrow{AB}\).
Hai véc tơ cùng hướng với \(\overrightarrow{AB}\) là:
\(\overrightarrow{MO};\overrightarrow{ON}\).
Hai véc tơ ngược hướng với \(\overrightarrow{AB}\) là:
\(\overrightarrow{OM};\overrightarrow{ON}\).
b) Một véc tơ bằng véc tơ \(\overrightarrow{MO}\) là: \(\overrightarrow{ON}\).
Một véc tơ bằng véc tơ \(\overrightarrow{OB}\) là: \(\overrightarrow{DO}\).
\(\left|\overrightarrow{a}-2\cdot\overrightarrow{b}\right|=\sqrt{15}\)
=>\(\left(\overrightarrow{a}-2\cdot\overrightarrow{b}\right)\left(\overrightarrow{a}-2\cdot\overrightarrow{b}\right)=15\)
=>\(\overrightarrow{a}\cdot\overrightarrow{a}-4\cdot\overrightarrow{a}\cdot\overrightarrow{b}+4\cdot\overrightarrow{b}\cdot\overrightarrow{b}=15\)
=>\(\left(\left|\overrightarrow{a}\right|\right)^2-4\cdot\overrightarrow{a}\cdot\overrightarrow{b}+4\cdot\left(\overrightarrow{b}\right)^2=15\)
=>\(1^2+4\cdot2^2-4\cdot\overrightarrow{a}\cdot\overrightarrow{b}=15\)
=>\(4\cdot\overrightarrow{a}\cdot\overrightarrow{b}=1+16-15=2\)
=>\(\overrightarrow{a}\cdot\overrightarrow{b}=\frac12\)
b: \(\left(\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right)\left(2k\cdot\overrightarrow{a}-\overrightarrow{b}\right)\)
\(=2k\cdot\overrightarrow{a}\cdot\overrightarrow{a}-\overrightarrow{a}\cdot\overrightarrow{b}+2k\cdot\overrightarrow{a}\cdot\overrightarrow{b}-\overrightarrow{b}\cdot\overrightarrow{b}\)
\(=2k\cdot\left(\left|\overrightarrow{a}\right|\right)^2+\overrightarrow{a}\cdot\overrightarrow{b}\left(2k-1\right)-\left(\overrightarrow{b}\right)^2\)
\(=2k\cdot1^2+\left(2k-1\right)\cdot\frac12-2^2=2k+k-\frac12-4=3k-\frac92\)
\(\left(\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right)\left(\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right)=\left(\left|\overrightarrow{a}\right|\right)^2+2\cdot\overrightarrow{a}\cdot\overrightarrow{b}+\left(\left|\overrightarrow{b}\right|\right)^2\)
\(=1^2+2^2+2\cdot\frac12=5+1=6\)
=>\(\left|\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right|=\sqrt6\)
\(\left(2k\cdot\overrightarrow{a}-\overrightarrow{b}\right)^2=4k^2\cdot\left(\left|\overrightarrow{a}\right|\right)^2-2\cdot2k\cdot\overrightarrow{a}\cdot\overrightarrow{b}+\left(\overrightarrow{b}\right)^2\)
\(=4k^2\cdot1-4k\cdot\frac12+4=4k^2-2k+4\)
=>\(\left|2k\cdot\overrightarrow{a}-\overrightarrow{b}\right|=\sqrt{4k^2-2k+4}\)
\(cos\left(\left(\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right);\left(2k\cdot\overrightarrow{a}-\overrightarrow{b}\right)\right)=cos60^0=\frac12\)
=>\(\frac{3k-4,5}{\sqrt{6\left(4k^2-2k+4\right)}}=\frac12\)
=>\(\sqrt{\frac{\left(3k-4,5\right)^2}{6\left(4k^2-2k+4\right)}}=\frac12\)
=>\(\frac{\left(3k-4,5\right)^2}{6\left(4k^2-2k+4\right)}=\frac14\)
=>\(6\left(4k^2-2k+4\right)=4\left(3k-4,5\right)^2\)
=>\(4\left(9k^2-27k+20,25\right)=6\left(4k^2-2k+4\right)\)
=>\(36k^2-108k+81=24k^2-12k+24\)
=>\(12k^2-96k+57=0\)
=>\(4k^2-32k+19=0\)
=>\(k=\frac{8\pm3\sqrt5}{2}\)
\(\overrightarrow{u}\overrightarrow{v}=0\Rightarrow\left(\overrightarrow{a}+3\overrightarrow{b}\right)\left(7\overrightarrow{a}-5\overrightarrow{b}\right)=7a^2+16\overrightarrow{a}\overrightarrow{b}-15b^2=0\left(1\right)\)
\(\overrightarrow{x}\overrightarrow{y}=0\Rightarrow\left(\overrightarrow{a}-4\overrightarrow{b}\right)\left(7\overrightarrow{a}-2\overrightarrow{b}\right)=7a^2-30\overrightarrow{a}\overrightarrow{b}+8b^2=0\left(2\right)\)
(1) và (2): \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}7a^2+16\overrightarrow{a}\overrightarrow{b}-15b^2=0\\7a^2-30\overrightarrow{a}\overrightarrow{b}+8b^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{a}\overrightarrow{b}=\frac{b^2}{2}\\a^2=b^2\Rightarrow\left|a\right|=\left|b\right|\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow cos\left(\overrightarrow{a},\overrightarrow{b}\right)=\frac{\overrightarrow{a}\overrightarrow{b}}{\left|\overrightarrow{a}\right|\left|\overrightarrow{b}\right|}=\frac{\frac{b^2}{2}}{\left|a\right|.\left|b\right|}=\frac{\frac{b^2}{2}}{b^2}=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\overrightarrow{a};\overrightarrow{b}\right)=60^0\)
Ta có: \(\overrightarrow a .\overrightarrow b = 1.( - 2) + ( - 1).0 = - 2 \ne 0\).
Lại có: \(|\overrightarrow a | = \sqrt {{1^2} + {{( - 1)}^2}} = \sqrt 2 ;\;|\overrightarrow b | = \sqrt {{{( - 2)}^2} + {0^2}} = 2.\)
\( \Rightarrow \cos \left( {\overrightarrow a ,\overrightarrow b } \right) = \frac{{\overrightarrow a .\overrightarrow b }}{{|\overrightarrow a |.\;|\overrightarrow b |}} = \frac{{ - 2}}{{\sqrt 2 .2}} = \frac{{ - \sqrt 2 }}{2}\)
\( \Rightarrow \left( {\overrightarrow a ,\overrightarrow b } \right) = {135^o}\)
Chọn C