𝘾𝙖́𝙘 𝙗𝙖̣𝙣 𝙡𝙖̀𝙢 𝙣𝙝𝙖𝙣𝙝 𝙡𝙚̂𝙣

Olm chào em. Đây là toán nâng cao chuyên đề so sánh lũy thừa. Cấu trúc thi chuyên, thi học sinh giỏi các cấp. Hôm nay, Olm sẽ hướng dẫn các em giải chi tiết dạng này như sau:

Giải:

5\(^{27}\) = (\(5^3\))\(^9\) = 125\(^9\)

2\(^{63}\) = (2\(^7\))\(^9\) = 128\(^9\)

125 < 128 nên: 125\(^9\) < 128\(^9\)

⇒ 5\(^{27}\) < 2\(^{63}\) (1)

2\(^{63}\) = (2\(^9\))\(^7\) = 512\(^7\)

5\(^{28}\) = (5\(^4\))\(^7\) = 625\(^7\)

Vì 512 < 625 nên 512\(^7\) < 625\(^7\)

⇒ 2\(^{63}\) < 5\(^{28}\) (2)

Kết hợp (1) và (2) ta có: 5\(^{27}\) < 2\(^{63}\) < 5\(^{28}\)

\(\left(2^{2.5}\right)^{24}< 2^{63}< \left(2^{2.5}\right)^{28}\)

\(=2^{60}< 2^{63}< 2^{70}\)

1. 

a) \(3^{23}< 5^{15}\)

b) \(127^{23}< 128^{23}=\left(2^7\right)^{23}=2^{161}\)

\(513^{18}>512^{18}=\left(2^9\right)^{18}=2^{162}\)

Vì \(162>161\Rightarrow2^{161}< 2^{162}\Rightarrow127^{23}< 513^{18}\)

2. Ta có: 

\(5^{27}=5^{3.9}=\left(5^3\right)^9=125^9< 128^9=2^{7.9}=\left(2^7\right)^9=2^{63}\)

\(\Rightarrow5^{27}< 2^{63}\left(1\right)\)

Lại có: \(2^{63}< 2^{64}=2^{16.4}=\left(2^{16}\right)^4=65536^4< 78125^4=5^{7.4}=\left(5^7\right)^4=5^{28}\)

\(\Rightarrow2^{63}< 2^{64}< 5^{28}\Rightarrow2^{63}< 5^{28}\left(2\right)\)

Từ 1 và 2 => đpcm

5^27=5^(3×9)

2^63=2^(7×9)

5^28=5^(7×4)

Mình phân tích  thôi rồi cậu tự làm nhé. Cạn kiệt chất sáng rồi

a, Ta có:

\(\frac{1}{2^3}< \frac{1}{1\cdot2\cdot3};\frac{1}{3^3}< \frac{1}{2\cdot3\cdot4};\frac{1}{4^3}< \frac{1}{3\cdot4\cdot5};...;\frac{1}{n^3}< \frac{1}{\left[n-1\right]n\left[n+1\right]}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2^3}+\frac{1}{3^3}+\frac{1}{3^3}+...+\frac{1}{n^3}< \frac{1}{1\cdot2\cdot3}+\frac{1}{2\cdot3\cdot4}+\frac{1}{3\cdot4\cdot5}+...+\frac{1}{\left[n-1\right]n\left[n+1\right]}\)

Đặt \(A'=\frac{1}{1\cdot2\cdot3}+\frac{1}{2\cdot3\cdot4}+\frac{1}{3\cdot4\cdot5}+...+\frac{1}{\left[n-1\right]n\left[n+1\right]}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2}A'=\frac{1}{1\cdot2}-\frac{1}{2\cdot3}+\frac{1}{2\cdot3}-\frac{1}{3\cdot4}+\frac{1}{3\cdot4}-\frac{1}{4\cdot5}+...+\frac{1}{\left[n-1\right].n}-\frac{1}{n\left[n+1\right]}\)

\(\frac{1}{2}A'=\frac{1}{1\cdot2}-\frac{1}{n\left[n+1\right]}=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{n\left[n+1\right]}=\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{2n\left[n+1\right]}< \frac{1}{4}\)

Vậy \(\frac{1}{1\cdot2\cdot3}+\frac{1}{2\cdot3\cdot4}+\frac{1}{3\cdot4\cdot5}+...+\frac{1}{\left[n-1\right]n\left[n+1\right]}< \frac{1}{4}\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{2^3}+\frac{1}{3^3}+\frac{1}{4^3}+...+\frac{1}{n^3}< \frac{1}{4}\)

b,

\(C=\frac{4}{3}+\frac{10}{9}+\frac{28}{27}+...+\frac{3^{98}+1}{3^{98}}=1+\frac{1}{3}+1+\frac{1}{3^2}+1+\frac{1}{3^3}+...+1+\frac{1}{3^{98}}\)

\(=\left[1+1+1+...+1\right]+\left[\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{3^3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{98}}\right]=98+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{3^3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{98}}\)

Đặt \(C'=\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{3^3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{98}}\)

\(\Rightarrow3C'=1+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{3^3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{97}}\)

\(\Rightarrow3C'-C'=\left[1+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{3^{97}}\right]-\left[\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{3^3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{98}}\right]=1-\frac{1}{3^{98}}\)

\(\Rightarrow C'=\frac{1-\frac{1}{3^{98}}}{2}< 1\)

\(\Rightarrow98+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{3^3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{98}}< 98+1=99< 100\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{4}{3}+\frac{10}{9}+\frac{28}{27}+...+\frac{3^{98}+1}{3^{98}}< 100\)

c,

\(D=\frac{5}{4}+\frac{5}{4^2}+...+\frac{5}{4^{39}}\)

\(4D=5+\frac{5}{4}+\frac{5}{4^2}+...+\frac{5}{4^{38}}\)

\(4D-D=\left[5+\frac{5}{4}+\frac{5}{4^2}+...+\frac{5}{4^{38}}\right]-\left[\frac{5}{4}+\frac{5}{4^2}+...+\frac{5}{4^{38}}+\frac{5}{4^{39}}\right]\)

\(3D=5-\frac{5}{4^{39}}\Leftrightarrow D=\frac{5-\frac{5}{4^{39}}}{3}< \frac{5}{3}\)

Vậy:...........

AI THẤY ĐÚNG NHỚ ỦNG HỘ NHA

Mới học lớp 5

5²⁷ = (5³)⁹ = 125⁹ < 128⁹ = (2⁷)⁹ = 2⁶³

2⁶³ = (2⁹)⁷ = 512⁷ < 625⁷ = (5⁴)⁷ = 5²⁸

Ta có :

\(S=\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{13}+\dfrac{1}{14}+\dfrac{1}{15}+\dfrac{1}{61}+\dfrac{1}{62}+\dfrac{1}{63}\)

\(S=\dfrac{1}{5}+\left(\dfrac{1}{13}+\dfrac{1}{14}+\dfrac{1}{15}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{61}+\dfrac{1}{62}+\dfrac{1}{63}\right)\)

Nhận xét :

\(\dfrac{1}{13}+\dfrac{1}{14}+\dfrac{1}{15}< \dfrac{1}{12}+\dfrac{1}{12}+\dfrac{1}{12}=\dfrac{1}{4}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{61}+\dfrac{1}{62}+\dfrac{1}{63}< \dfrac{1}{60}+\dfrac{1}{60}+\dfrac{1}{60}=\dfrac{1}{20}\)

\(\Rightarrow S< \dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{20}\)

\(\Rightarrow S< \dfrac{1}{2}\rightarrowđpcm\)

Kiyoko Vũ

a, xét từng đoạn 1 , 1/2 ,1/2^3 ,1/2^4 ,1/2^5 ,1/2^6
ta có
1 = 1
1/2 + 1/3 < 1/2 + 1/2 = 1
1/4 + 1/5 + .. + 1/7 < 1/4 +..+ 1/4 = 4/4 = 1
1/8 + 1/9 + .. + 1/15 < 1/8 + .. + 1/8 = 8/8 = 1
tương tự
1/16 +1/17 + .. + 1/31 < 1
1/32 + 1/33 + .. + 1/63 < 1
=> cộng lại => A < 6

b, Câu hỏi của trịnh quỳnh trang - Toán lớp 6 - Học toán với OnlineMath