Trong de thi hsg cap Thanh pho Ha Noi 2016-2017 co dap an do ban

uk  thanks bn

Ta có : \(\frac{x^3}{z+x^2}=\frac{x^3+xz-xz}{z+x^2}=x-\frac{xz}{z+x^2}\ge x-\frac{xz}{2x\sqrt{z}}=x-\frac{\sqrt{z}}{2}\ge x-\frac{z+1}{4}\) (Cosi)

Tương tự \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{y^3}{x+y^2}\ge y-\frac{x+1}{4}\\\frac{z^3}{y+z^2}\ge z-\frac{y+1}{4}\end{cases}}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^3}{z+x^2}+\frac{y^3}{x+y^2}+\frac{z^3}{y+z^2}\ge\frac{3}{4}\left(x+y+z\right)-\frac{3}{4}\)

Mà \(xy+yz+xz=3xyz\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=3\Rightarrow x+y+z\ge3\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^3}{z+x^2}+\frac{y^3}{x+y^2}+\frac{z^3}{y+z^2}\ge\frac{9}{4}-\frac{3}{4}=\frac{3}{2}\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)

bước cuối sai \(\frac{3}{2}\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\) trong khi \(3\le x+y+z\) ?? :D

\(3=x^2+y^2+z^2\ge3\sqrt[3]{x^2y^2z^2}\)

\(\Rightarrow xyz\le1\)

\(\sqrt[3]{x^2}+\sqrt[3]{y^2}+\sqrt[3]{z^2}\le\frac{x^2+1+1}{3}+\frac{y^2+1+1}{3}+\frac{z^2+1+1}{3}=3\)

Ta co:

\(A=\frac{x}{\sqrt[3]{yz}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt[3]{xz}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt[3]{xy}}=\frac{x\sqrt[3]{x}}{\sqrt[3]{xyz}}+\frac{y\sqrt[3]{y}}{\sqrt[3]{xyz}}+\frac{z\sqrt[3]{z}}{\sqrt[3]{xyz}}\)

\(\ge x\sqrt[3]{x}+y\sqrt[3]{y}+z\sqrt[3]{z}\)

\(\Rightarrow3A\ge3\left(x\sqrt[3]{x}+y\sqrt[3]{y}+z\sqrt[3]{z}\right)\ge\left(x\sqrt[3]{x}+y\sqrt[3]{y}+z\sqrt[3]{z}\right)\left(\sqrt[3]{x^2}+\sqrt[3]{y^2}+\sqrt[3]{z^2}\right)\)

\(\ge\left(x+y+z\right)^2\ge3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow A\ge xy+yz+zx\)

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy - Schwarz, ta có: \(3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)=\left(1^2+1^2+1^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\ge\left(x+y+z\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow x+y+z\le\sqrt{3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}=3=x^2+y^2+z^2\)(Do \(x^2+y^2+z^2=3\))

Ta có: \(\frac{x}{\sqrt[3]{yz}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt[3]{zx}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt[3]{xy}}=\frac{x}{\sqrt[3]{yz.1}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt[3]{zx.1}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt[3]{xy.1}}\)

\(\ge\frac{x}{\frac{y+z+1}{3}}+\frac{y}{\frac{z+x+1}{3}}+\frac{z}{\frac{x+y+1}{3}}\)\(=\frac{3x}{y+z+1}+\frac{3y}{z+x+1}+\frac{3z}{x+y+1}\)

\(=\frac{3x^2}{xy+zx+x}+\frac{3y^2}{yz+xy+y}+\frac{3z^2}{zx+yz+z}\)\(\ge\frac{3\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)+\left(x+y+z\right)}\)(Theo BĐT Cauchy - Schwarz dạng Engle)

\(\ge\frac{3\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)+x^2+y^2+z^2}=\frac{3\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}=3=x^2+y^2+z^2\)

\(\ge xy+yz+zx\)

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y = z = 1

\(\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}\ge xy+xz+yz\ge x+y+z\Rightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2\ge3\left(x+y+z\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow x+y+z\ge3\Rightarrow xy+xz+yz\ge3\)

\(\sum\frac{x^2}{\sqrt{x^3+8}}=\sum\frac{x^2}{\sqrt{\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2-2x+4\right)}}\ge\sum\frac{2x^2}{x^2-x+6}\ge\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x^2+y^2+z^2-\left(x+y+z\right)+18}\)

\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(xy+xz+yz\right)-\left(x+y+z\right)+12}\ge\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2-\left(x+y+z\right)+12}\)

Đặt \(x+y+z=a\ge3\Rightarrow VT\ge\frac{2a^2}{a^2-a+12}=1+\frac{a^2+a-12}{a^2-a+12}=1+\frac{\left(a-3\right)\left(a+4\right)}{\left(a-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{47}{4}}\)

Do \(a\ge3\Rightarrow\frac{\left(a-3\right)\left(a+4\right)}{\left(a-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{47}{4}}\ge0\Rightarrow VT\ge1\) (đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\)

Làm biếng viết cả 3 biểu thức của vế trái (nó dài quá) nên để kí hiệu tổng đó cho gọn, bạn cứ hiểu cộng thêm 2 phần của y và z giống hệt vậy vào đằng sau nữa

https://diendantoanhoc.net/topic/167390-cmr-sum-fracx3y38geq-frac19frac227xyyzzx/ 

bạn tham khảo nhé

Bai 1: Ap dung BDT Bunhiacopxki ta co:

         \(ax+by+cz+2\sqrt {(ab+ac+bc)(xy+yz+xz)} \)

         \(≤ \sqrt {(a^2+b^2+c^2)(x^2+y^2+z^2)} + \sqrt {(ab+ac+bc)(xy+yz+zx)}+\sqrt {(ab+ac+bc)(xy+yz+zx)}\)

         \(≤ \sqrt {(a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2ac+2bc)(x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy+2yz+2zx)}\)

         \(= (a+b+c)(x+y+z)\) 

   =>  \(Q.E.D\)

Tiep bai 4:Ta co:

               BDT <=>  \((2+y^2z)(2+z^2x)(2+x^2y)≥(2+x)(2+y)(2+z)\)

    Sau khi khai trien con:   \(2(z^2x+y^2z+x^2y)+x^2z+z^2y+y^2x≥xy+yz+zx+2x+2y+2z \)

               Ap dung BDT Cosi ta co:

                                       \(z^2x+x ≥ 2zx \) <=> \(z^2x≥2zx-x\)

              Lam tuong tu ta co:  \(2(z^2x+y^2z+x^2y)≥4xy+4yz+4zx-2x-2y-2z \)(1)

                                        \(x^2z+{1\over z}≥2x \) <=> \(x^2z≥2x-xy \) (do xyz=1)

              Lam tuong tu ta co:  \(x^2z+z^2y+y^2x≥ 2y+2z+2x-xy-yz-zx\)(2)

Cong (1) voi (2) ta co:      VT\(≥ 3(xy+yz+zx)\)(*)

               Voi cach lam tuong tu ta cung duoc:  VT\(≥ 3(x+y+z) \)(**)

Tu (*) va (**) suy ra :   \(3 \)VT \(≥ 6(x+y+z)+3(xy+yz+zx) \)

                           <=>   VT \(≥ 2(x+y+z)+xy+yz+zx\)

                            =>   \(Q.E.D\)

\(xy+yz+xz\ge x+y+z\)

\(min=1\); \(x=1,y=1,z=1\); \(x=2,y=2,z=2\)thỏa mãn đk: \(xy+yz+xz\ge x+y+z\)

\(\frac{x^2}{\sqrt{x^3+8}}+\frac{y^2}{\sqrt{y^3+8}}+\frac{z^2}{\sqrt{z^3+8}}\ge1\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1^3+8}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{1^3+8}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{1^3+8}}\ge1\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1^3+8}}3\ge1\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+8}}3\ge1\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{9}}3\ge1\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{1}{3}3\ge1\)(đk :\(\frac{x^2}{\sqrt{x^3+8}}+\frac{y^2}{\sqrt{y^3+8}}+\frac{z^3}{\sqrt{z^3+8}}\ge1\))

Ta có đánh giá quen thuộc sau: \(\left(x+y+z\right)^2\ge3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)kết hợp giả thiết \(xy+yz+zx\ge x+y+z\)suy ra \(\left(x+y+z\right)^2\ge3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\ge3\left(x+y+z\right)\Rightarrow xy+yz+zx\ge x+y+z\ge3\)

Dùng bất đẳng thức Bunyakosky dạng phân thức xét vế trái của bất đẳng thức: 

\(\frac{x^2}{\sqrt{x^3+8}}+\frac{y^2}{\sqrt{y^3+8}}+\frac{z^2}{\sqrt{z^3+8}}=\frac{x^2}{\sqrt{\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2-2x+4\right)}}+\frac{y^2}{\sqrt{\left(y+2\right)\left(y^2-2y+4\right)}}+\frac{z^2}{\sqrt{\left(z+2\right)\left(z^2-2z+4\right)}}\ge\frac{2x^2}{x^2-x+6}+\frac{2y^2}{y^2-y+6}+\frac{2z^2}{z^2-z+6}\ge\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+6-\left(x+y+z\right)+12}\ge\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)-\left(x+y+z\right)+12}=\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2-\left(x+y+z\right)+12}\)Đặt x + y + z = t ≥ 3 xét\(\frac{2t^2}{t^2-t+12}-1=\frac{t^2+t-12}{t^2-t+12}=\frac{\left(t+4\right)\left(t-3\right)}{t^2-t+12}\ge0\)(đúng với mọi t ≥ 3)

Như vậy, \(\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2-\left(x+y+z\right)+12}\ge1\)hay \(\frac{x^2}{\sqrt{x^3+8}}+\frac{y^2}{\sqrt{y^3+8}}+\frac{z^2}{\sqrt{z^3+8}}\ge1\)(đpcm)

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y = z = 1

giờ nhân cả tử và mẫu mỗi phân thức vs mỗi tử của nó rồi sử dụng BDT bunhiacopxki là ra thôi bn

\(\frac{x^2}{x^3-xyz+2013x}+\frac{y^2}{y^3-xyz+2013y}+\frac{z^2}{z^3-xyz+2013z}\)

\(\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz+3.\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\left(x+y+z\right)}\)

\(=\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx+3xy+3yz+3zx\right)}=\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x+y+z\right)^2}=\frac{1}{x+y+z}\)