x+y+z=0

=>x+y=-z; x+z=-y; y+z=-x

\(\left(x+y\right)^2=\left(-z\right)^2=z^2\)

=>\(x^2+2xy+y^2=z^2\)

=>\(z^2-xy=x^2+xy+y^2\)

\(4xy-z^2=4xy-(x^2+2xy+y^2)\)

\(=-(x^2-2xy+y^2)=-(x-y)^2\)

\(xy+2z^2=xy+2(x^2+2xy+y^2)\)

\(=2x^2+5xy+2y^2=(x+2y)(2x+y)\)

\(\left(x+z\right)^2=\left(-y\right)^2=y^2\)

=>\(x^2+2xz+z^2=y^2\)

=>\(y^2-xz=x^2+xz+z^2\)

\(4yz-x^2=4yz-\left(y+z\right)^2\)

\(=4yz-\left(y^2+2yz+z^2\right)=-y^2+2yz-z^2=-\left(y-z\right)^2\)

\(yz+2x^2=yz+2\left(y^2+2yz+z^2\right)\)

\(=2y^2+5yz+2z^2=2y^2+4yz+yz+2z^2\)

=2y(y+2z)+z(y+2z)

=(y+2z)(2y+z)

\(\left(y+z\right)^2=\left(-x\right)^2=x^2\)

=>\(y^2+2yz+z^2=x^2\)

=>\(x^2-yz=y^2+yz+z^2\)

\(4xz-y^2\) =4xz-(x+z)^2

=4xz-\(x^2-2xz-z^2\)

\(=-x^2+2xz-z^2=-\left(x-z\right)^2\)

\(xz+2y^2=xz+2\left(x+z\right)^2\)

\(=xz+2x^2+4xz_{}+2z^2=2x^2+5xz+2z^2\)

\(=2x^2+4xz+xz+2z^2\)

=2x(x+2z)+z(x+2z)

=(x+2z)(2x+z)

2x+y=x+x+y=x-z

\(2y + z = y + (y + z) = y - x = -(x - y)\)

\(2z + x = z + (z + x) = z - y = -(y - z)\)

\(x + 2y = (x + y) + y = -z + y = y - z\)

\(y + 2z = (y + z) + z = -x + z = z - x\)

\(z + 2x = (z + x) + x = -y + x = x - y\)

Ta có: \(A = \frac{4xy - z^2}{xy + 2z^2} \cdot \frac{4yz - x^2}{yz + 2x^2} \cdot \frac{4zx - y^2}{xz + 2y^2}\)

\(=\frac{-(x - y)^2}{(x + 2y)(2x + y)}\cdot\frac{-(y - z)^2}{(y + 2z)(2y + z)}\cdot\frac{-(z - x)^2}{(z + 2x)(2z + x)}\)

\(=\frac{-\left(x-y\right)^2\cdot\left(y-z\right)^2\cdot\left(z-x\right)^2}{(y-z)(x-z)(z-x)[-(x-y)](x-y)[-(y-z)]}\)

\(=\frac{-(x - y)^2 (y - z)^2 (z - x)^2}{-(x - y)^2 (y - z)^2 (z - x)^2}=1\)

\(M=\dfrac{xy+2x+1}{xy+x+y+1}+\dfrac{yz+2y+1}{yz+y+z+1}+\dfrac{xz+2z+1}{xz+z+x+1}\)

\(M=\dfrac{xy+x+x+1}{x\left(y+1\right)+y+1}+\dfrac{yz+y+y+1}{y\left(z+1\right)+z+1}+\dfrac{xz+z+z+1}{z\left(x+1\right)+x+1}\)

\(\Rightarrow M=\dfrac{x\left(y+1\right)+x+1}{\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)}+\dfrac{y\left(z+1\right)+y+1}{\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)}+\dfrac{z\left(x+1\right)+z+1}{\left(z+1\right)\left(x+1\right)}\)

Quy đồng là xong nha

\(\frac{xy+2x+1}{xy+x+y+1}+\frac{yz+2y+1}{yz+y+z+1}+\frac{zx+2z+1}{zx+z+x+1}\)

Ta có: \(\frac{xy+2x+1}{xy+x+y+1}=\frac{\left(xy+x\right)+\left(x+1\right)}{\left(xy+x\right)+\left(y+1\right)}=\frac{x\left(y+1\right)+\left(x+1\right)}{\left(y+1\right)\left(x+1\right)}=\frac{x}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}\)

Tương tự ta có:

\(\frac{yz+2y+1}{yz+y+z+1}=\frac{y}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\)

\(\frac{zx+2z+1}{zx+z+x+1}=\frac{z}{z+1}+\frac{1}{x+1}\)

Từ đây ta có biểu thức ban đầu sẽ bằng

\(\frac{x}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{y}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}+\frac{z}{z+1}+\frac{1}{x+1}\)

\(\left(\frac{x}{x+1}+\frac{1}{x+1}\right)+\left(\frac{y}{y+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}\right)+\left(\frac{z}{z+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\right)=1+1+1=3\)

CHÚ Ý: ab+a+b+1=a(b+1)+(b+1)=(a+1)(b+1)

Xét: \(\frac{xy+2x+1}{xy+x+y+1}=\frac{x\left(y+1\right)+x+1}{\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)}=\frac{x}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}\)

Tương tự với 2 biểu thức còn lại ta được:

A=\(\frac{x}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{y}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}+\frac{z}{z+1}+\frac{1}{x+1}\)

=\(\frac{x+1}{x+1}+\frac{y+1}{y+1}+\frac{z+1}{z+1}=1+1+1=3\)

bn gõ bài trong công thức trực quan ik, khó nhìn lắm, ko làm đc

1) \(x^2y^2\left(y-x\right)+y^2z^2\left(z-y\right)-z^2x^2\left(z-x\right)\)

\(=x^2y^3-x^3y^2+y^2z^3-y^3z^2-z^2x^2\left(z-x\right)\)

\(=\left(y^2z^3-x^3y^2\right)-\left(y^3z^2-x^2y^3\right)-z^2x^2\left(z-x\right)\)

\(=y^2\left(z^3-x^3\right)-y^3\left(z^2-x^2\right)-z^2x^2\left(z-x\right)\)

\(=y^2\left(z-x\right)\left(z^2+zx+x^2\right)-y^3\left(z-x\right)\left(z+x\right)-z^2x^2\left(z-x\right)\)

\(=\left(z-x\right)\left[y^2\left(z^2+zx+x^2\right)-y^3\left(z+x\right)-z^2x^2\right]\)

\(=\left(z-x\right)\left[\left(y^2z^2+xy^2z+x^2y^2\right)-\left(y^3z+xy^3\right)-z^2x^2\right]\)

\(=\left(z-x\right)\left(y^2z^2+xy^2z+x^2y^2-y^3z-xy^3-z^2x^2\right)\)

\(=\left(z-x\right)\left[\left(y^2z^2-y^3z\right)-\left(x^2z^2-x^2y^2\right)+\left(xy^2z-xy^3\right)\right]\)

\(=\left(z-x\right)\left[y^2z\left(z-y\right)-x^2\left(z^2-y^2\right)+xy^2\left(z-y\right)\right]\)

\(=\left(z-x\right)\left[y^2z\left(z-y\right)-x^2\left(z-y\right)\left(z+y\right)+xy^2\left(z-y\right)\right]\)

\(=\left(z-x\right)\left(z-y\right)\left[y^2z-x^2\left(z+y\right)+xy^2\right]\)

\(=\left(z-x\right)\left(z-y\right)\left(y^2z-x^2z-x^2y+xy^2\right)\)

\(=\left(z-x\right)\left(z-y\right)\left[\left(y^2z-x^2z\right)-\left(x^2y-xy^2\right)\right]\)

\(=\left(z-x\right)\left(z-y\right)\left[z\left(y^2-x^2\right)-xy\left(x-y\right)\right]\)

\(=\left(z-x\right)\left(z-y\right)\left[z\left(y-x\right)\left(y+x\right)+xy\left(y-x\right)\right]\)

\(=\left(z-x\right)\left(z-y\right)\left(y-x\right)\left[z\left(y+x\right)+xy\right]\)

\(=\left(z-x\right)\left(z-y\right)\left(y-x\right)\left(yz+xz+xy\right)\)

5(x+y)²+3(x-y)²=8x²+4xy+8y²=4(2x²+xy+2z²)>=5(x+y)²

^{=> \(\sqrt{2x^2+xy+2y^2}\ge\sqrt{\frac{5\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}}\)= \(\frac{\sqrt{5}\left(x+y\right)}{2}\)}

^{Tương tự. Cộng lại là ra nha. Dấu = xảy ra <=> x=y=z=1/3}

Sửa lại đề là x;y;z khác -1.

\(A=\frac{xy+2x+1}{xy+x+y+1}+\frac{yz+2y+1}{yz+y+z+1}+\frac{zx+2z+1}{zx+z+x+1}=\)

\(A=\frac{x\left(y+1\right)+x+1}{x\left(y+1\right)+y+1}+\frac{y\left(z+1\right)+y+1}{y\left(z+1\right)+z+1}+\frac{z\left(x+1\right)+z+1}{z\left(x+1\right)+x+1}=\)

\(A=\frac{x\left(y+1\right)+x+1}{\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)}+\frac{y\left(z+1\right)+y+1}{\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)}+\frac{z\left(x+1\right)+z+1}{\left(z+1\right)\left(x+1\right)}=\)vì x;y;z khác -1 nên:

\(A=\frac{x}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{y}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}+\frac{z}{z+1}+\frac{1}{x+1}=\)

\(A=\frac{x}{x+1}+\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{y}{y+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{z}{z+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}=\frac{x+1}{x+1}+\frac{y+1}{y+1}+\frac{z+1}{z+1}=1+1+1=3\)

A = 3 với mọi x;y;z khác -1 nên A không phụ thuộc vào x;y;z. đpcm