Ta có:

\(\overrightarrow{MN}=\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{MB}+4\overrightarrow{MC}\)

          \(=6\overrightarrow{MI}+\overrightarrow{IA}+\overrightarrow{IB}+4\overrightarrow{IC}\)

          \(=6\overrightarrow{MI}+4\overrightarrow{IG}+4\overrightarrow{IC}\)

          \(=6\overrightarrow{MI}\)

\(\Rightarrow M,I,N\) thẳng hàng

a) \(2\overrightarrow{IA}-\overrightarrow{IB}+\overrightarrow{IC}=\overrightarrow{0}\Rightarrow2\overrightarrow{IA}-\overrightarrow{IA}-\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{IA}+\overrightarrow{AC}=\overrightarrow{0}\)

\(\Rightarrow2\overrightarrow{AI}=\overrightarrow{AC}-\overrightarrow{AB}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AB}+2\overrightarrow{AI}=\overrightarrow{AC}\). Từ đó suy ra cách dựng điểm I:

A B C I

b) Với cách lấy điểm I như trên, ta có điểm I cố định. Khi đó MN đi qua I, thật vậy:

\(\overrightarrow{MN}=2\overrightarrow{MA}-\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{MC}=2\overrightarrow{MI}+2\overrightarrow{IA}-\overrightarrow{MI}-\overrightarrow{IB}+\overrightarrow{MI}+\overrightarrow{IC}\)

\(=2\overrightarrow{MI}+\left(2\overrightarrow{IA}-\overrightarrow{IB}+\overrightarrow{IC}\right)=2\overrightarrow{MI}\)

Suy ra I là trung điểm MN hay MN đi qua điểm I cố định (đpcm).

c) \(\overrightarrow{MP}=\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{MB}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{MN}=\overrightarrow{MA}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{MC}\)

Đặt K là điểm sao cho \(\overrightarrow{KA}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{KC}=\overrightarrow{0}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}K\in\left[AC\right]\\KA=\frac{1}{2}KC\end{cases}}\)tức K xác định

Khi đó \(\overrightarrow{MP}=\overrightarrow{MK}+\overrightarrow{KA}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{MK}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{KC}=\frac{3}{2}\overrightarrow{MK}\), suy ra MP đi qua K cố định (đpcm).

Ta có: \(\overrightarrow{MA}+2\cdot\overrightarrow{MB}=\overrightarrow{0}\)

=>\(\overrightarrow{MA}=-2\cdot\overrightarrow{MB}\)

=>M nằm giữa A và B sao cho MA=2MB

Ta có: MA+MB=AB

=>AB=MB+2MB=3MB

=>\(BM=\frac13BA;AM=\frac23AB\)

Ta có: \(\overrightarrow{NB}\cdot4+\overrightarrow{NC}=\overrightarrow{0}\)

=>\(\overrightarrow{NC}=-4\cdot\overrightarrow{NB}\)

=>N nằm giữa B và C sao cho NC=4NB

NC+NB=BC

=>BC=4NB+NB=5NB

=>\(\frac{CN}{CB}=\frac45\)

Ta có: \(-\overrightarrow{PC}+2\cdot\overrightarrow{PA}=\overrightarrow{0}\)

=>\(\overrightarrow{PC}=2\cdot\overrightarrow{PA}\)

=>A nằm giữa P và C sao cho PC=2PA

=>A là trung điểm của PC

=>PC=2AC

\(\overrightarrow{PM}=\overrightarrow{PA}+\overrightarrow{AM}=\overrightarrow{AC}+\frac23\cdot\overrightarrow{AB}\)

\(\overrightarrow{PN}=\overrightarrow{PC}+\overrightarrow{CN}\)

\(=2\cdot\overrightarrow{AC}+\frac45\cdot\overrightarrow{CB}=2\cdot\overrightarrow{AC}+\frac45\left(\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{AB}\right)\)

\(=2\cdot\overrightarrow{AC}-\frac45\cdot\overrightarrow{AC}+\frac45\cdot\overrightarrow{AB}=\frac65\cdot\overrightarrow{AC}+\frac45\cdot\overrightarrow{AB}=\frac65\cdot\left(\overrightarrow{AC}+\frac23\cdot\overrightarrow{AB}\right)\)

\(=\frac65\cdot\overrightarrow{PM}\)

=>P,N,M thẳng hàng

\(\overrightarrow{KA}=-\overrightarrow{AK}=-\frac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AM}+\overrightarrow{AN}\right)=-\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)

\(=-\frac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}-\frac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{AC}\)

\(\overrightarrow{KD}=\overrightarrow{AD}-\overrightarrow{AK}=\overrightarrow{AD}+\overrightarrow{KA}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)-\frac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}-\frac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{AC}\)

\(=\frac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\)

Xét ΔBAD có BI là đường trung tuyến

nên \(\overrightarrow{BI}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{BD}\right)\)

=>\(\overrightarrow{BI}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{5}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot\dfrac{1}{3}\left(5\overrightarrow{BA}+2\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=\dfrac{1}{6}\left(5\overrightarrow{BA}+2\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=\dfrac{5}{6}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)

\(\overrightarrow{BM}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AM}\)

\(=\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{AC}\)

=>\(\overrightarrow{BI}=\dfrac{5}{6}\cdot\overrightarrow{BM}\)

=>B,I,M thẳng hàng

Cách 1: Dùng định lý Menelaus đảo:

Từ đề bài, ta có \(\dfrac{BD}{BC}=\dfrac{2}{3}\), \(\dfrac{MC}{MA}=\dfrac{3}{2}\), \(\dfrac{IA}{ID}=1\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{BD}{BC}.\dfrac{MC}{MA}.\dfrac{IA}{ID}=1\)

Theo định lý Menelaus đảo, suy ra B, I, M thẳng hàng.

Cách 2: Dùng vector

 Ta có \(\overrightarrow{BI}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{BD}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}\) 

\(=\dfrac{1}{6}\left(3\overrightarrow{BA}+2\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)

Lại có \(\overrightarrow{BM}=\dfrac{MC}{AC}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{MA}{AC}\overrightarrow{BC}\)

\(=\dfrac{3}{5}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{BC}\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{5}\left(3\overrightarrow{BA}+2\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{6}{5}.\dfrac{1}{6}\left(3\overrightarrow{BA}+2\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{6}{5}\overrightarrow{BI}\)

Vậy \(\overrightarrow{BM}=\dfrac{6}{5}\overrightarrow{BI}\), suy ra B, I, M thẳng hàng. 

em tham khảo: