a: Ta có: M là trung điểm của BC

=>\(\overrightarrow{MB}=\overrightarrow{CM}\)

\(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{MC}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BM}=\overrightarrow{AM}\)

\(\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{MB}=\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{CM}=\overrightarrow{AM}\)

Do đó: \(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{MC}=\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{MB}\)

b:

ΔABC cân tại A

=>\(\hat{ABC}=\hat{ACB}=\frac{180^0-\hat{BAC}}{2}=\frac{180^0-120^0}{2}=30^0\)

ΔABC cân tại A

mà AM là đường trung tuyến

nên AM⊥BC

Xét ΔAMB vuông tại M có \(\sin B=\frac{AM}{AB}\)

=>\(\frac{AM}{6}=\sin30=\frac12\)

=>AM=3(cm)

\(\left|\overrightarrow{AB}-\overrightarrow{CM}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{MC}\right|\)

\(=\left|\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BM}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{AM}\right|=AM\) =3(cm)

Sửa đề: Chứng minh \(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{MC}=\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{MB}\)

\(\overrightarrow{AB}-\overrightarrow{MB}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BM}=\overrightarrow{AM}\)

\(\overrightarrow{AC}-\overrightarrow{MC}=\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{CM}=\overrightarrow{AC}\)

Do đó: \(\overrightarrow{AB}-\overrightarrow{MB}=\overrightarrow{AC}-\overrightarrow{MC}\)

=>\(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{MC}=\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{MB}\)

Câu 4:

Áp dụng định lý Pytago

\(BC^2=AB^2+AC^2\Rightarrow BC=2\)

Ta có:

\(\overrightarrow{CA}.\overrightarrow{BC}=-\overrightarrow{CA}.\overrightarrow{CB}=-\dfrac{CA^2+CB^2-AB^2}{2}=-\dfrac{2+4-2}{2}=-2\)

Câu 5:

Gọi M là trung điểm BC

\(\overrightarrow{AM}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)

Mà: \(\overrightarrow{AG}=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AM}=\dfrac{1}{3}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)

Câu 6:

\(\left|\overrightarrow{a}-\overrightarrow{b}\right|=3\)

\(a^2+b^2-2\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}=9\)

\(\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}=\dfrac{1^2+2^2-9}{2}=-2\)

Câu 7: 

\(\left|\overrightarrow{AB}-\overrightarrow{AD}+\overrightarrow{CD}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{DB}+\overrightarrow{CD}\right|\)

                              \(=\left|\overrightarrow{DB}-\overrightarrow{DC}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{CB}\right|=BC=a\)

\(\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{AC}=AB.AC.cos\widehat{BAC}=10.12.cos120^0=-60\)

ΔBAC vuông tại B

=>\(BA^2+BC^2=AC^2\)

=>\(BC^2=\left(\sqrt3\right)^2-1^2=3-1=2\)

=>\(BC=\sqrt2\)

Xét ΔBAC vuông tại B có

\(cosA=\frac{AB}{AC}=\frac{1}{\sqrt3};cosC=\frac{CB}{CA}=\frac{\sqrt2}{\sqrt3}\)

\(\left(2\cdot\overrightarrow{AB}-\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)

\(=2\cdot AB^2+2\cdot\overrightarrow{AB}\cdot\overrightarrow{AC}-\overrightarrow{AB}\cdot\overrightarrow{AC}-AC^2\)

\(=2\cdot AB^2+\overrightarrow{AB}\cdot\overrightarrow{AC}-AC^2\)

\(=2\cdot1^2+AB\cdot AC\cdot cosA-3=2-3+1\cdot\sqrt3\cdot\frac{1}{\sqrt3}=0\)

=>\(\left(2\cdot\overrightarrow{AB}-\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\) ⊥\(\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)

\(\widehat{ABC}=120^0\Rightarrow\widehat{DAB}=180^0-120^0=60^0\)

\(\Rightarrow\Delta ABD\) đều

Gọi E là trung điểm AD \(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{BE}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BD}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BA}\)

\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{BG}=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BE}=\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BD}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}\)

\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{BG}+\overrightarrow{AD}=\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BD}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AD}=\dfrac{1}{3}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AD}\right)+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AD}\)

\(=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{4}{3}\overrightarrow{AD}=-\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{4}{3}\overrightarrow{AD}\)

Đặt \(\overrightarrow{u}=\overrightarrow{BG}+\overrightarrow{AD}\Rightarrow\left|\overrightarrow{u}\right|^2=\left(-\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{4}{3}\overrightarrow{AD}\right)=\dfrac{4}{9}AB^2+\dfrac{16}{9}AD^2-\dfrac{16}{9}\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{AD}\)

\(=\dfrac{4}{9}.4a^2+\dfrac{16}{9}4a^2-\dfrac{16}{9}.2a.2a.cos60^0=\dfrac{16}{3}a^2\)

\(\Rightarrow\left|\overrightarrow{u}\right|=\dfrac{4a\sqrt{3}}{3}\)

Theo giả thiết ta có :

\(\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{CA}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\left(\overrightarrow{AB}-\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{AB}^2-\overrightarrow{AC}^2=0\)

Ta suy ra ABC là tam giác có \(AB=AC\) (Tam giác cân tại A)