Lời giải:

$x=\frac{\sqrt{5}-1}{2}$

$2x=\sqrt{5}-1$

$2x+1=\sqrt{5}\Rightarrow (2x+1)^2=5$

$\Leftrightarrow 4x^2+4x-4=0$

$\Leftrightarrow x^2+x-1=0$

Khi đó:
\((4x^5+4x^4-5x^3+2x-2)^2\)

\(=[4x^3(x^2+x-1)-x^3+2x-2]^2\)

\(=(-x^3+2x-2)^2=[-x(x^2+x+1)+(x^2+x-1)-1]^2\)

\(=(-1)^2=1\)

Bạn ghi lộn đề rồi \(\left(\dfrac{1-\sqrt{2}x}{\sqrt{2x^2+2x}}\right)^{2014}\) chứ không phải \(\left(\dfrac{1-\sqrt{2x}}{\sqrt{2x^2+2x}}\right)^{2014}\)

Ta có \(x=\dfrac{1}{2}\sqrt{\dfrac{\sqrt{2}-1}{\sqrt{2}+1}}=\dfrac{1}{2}\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)^2}{\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{2-1}\right)}}=\dfrac{1}{2}\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)^2}=\dfrac{\left|\sqrt{2}-1\right|}{2}=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}-1}{2}\)

Vậy ta có \(x=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}-1}{2}\Leftrightarrow2x=\sqrt{2}-1\Leftrightarrow2x+1=\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+1\right)^2=2\Leftrightarrow4x^2+4x+1=2\Leftrightarrow4x^2+4x-1=0\)Ta lại có \(\left(4x^5+4x^4-x^3+1\right)^{19}=\left[x^3\left(4x^2+4x-1\right)+1\right]^{19}=\left(x^3.0+1\right)^{19}=1^{19}=1\)(1)

\(\left(\sqrt{4x^5+4x^4-5x^3+5x+3}\right)^3=\left(\sqrt{4x^5+4x^4-x^3-4x^3-4x^2+x+4x^2+4x-1+4}\right)^3=\left(\sqrt{x^3\left(4x^2+4x-1\right)-x^2\left(4x^2+4x-1\right)+\left(4x^2+4x-1\right)+4}\right)^3=\left(\sqrt{x^3.0+x^2.0+0+4}\right)^3=\left(\sqrt{4}\right)^3=2^3=8\left(2\right)\)

\(\left(\dfrac{1-\sqrt{2}x}{\sqrt{2x^2+2x}}\right)^{2014}=\left[\dfrac{1-\sqrt{2}.\dfrac{\sqrt{2}-1}{\sqrt{2}}}{\sqrt{2.\dfrac{3-2\sqrt{2}}{4}+\sqrt{2}-1}}\right]^{2014}=\left(\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}}{\sqrt{\dfrac{3-2\sqrt{2}}{2}+\sqrt{2}-1}}\right)^{2014}=\left(\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}}{\sqrt{\dfrac{3-2\sqrt{2}+2\sqrt{2}-2}{2}}}\right)^{2014}=\left(\dfrac{\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}}{1}}{\sqrt{2}}\right)^{2014}=1^{2014}=1\left(3\right)\)

Cộng (1),(2),(3) theo vế ta được A=1+8+1=10

Vậy khi x=\(\dfrac{1}{2}\sqrt{\dfrac{\sqrt{2}-1}{\sqrt{2}+1}}\) thì A=10

Câu 4:

Giả sử điều cần chứng minh là đúng

\(\Rightarrow x=y\), thay vào điều kiện ở đề bài, ta được:

\(\sqrt{x+2014}+\sqrt{2015-x}-\sqrt{2014-x}=\sqrt{x+2014}+\sqrt{2015-x}-\sqrt{2014-x}\) (luôn đúng)

Vậy điều cần chứng minh là đúng

2) \(\sqrt{x^2-5x+4}+2\sqrt{x+5}=2\sqrt{x-4}+\sqrt{x^2+4x-5}\)

⇔ \(\sqrt{\left(x-4\right)\left(x-1\right)}-2\sqrt{x-4}+2\sqrt{x+5}-\sqrt{\left(x+5\right)\left(x-1\right)}=0\)

⇔ \(\sqrt{x-4}.\left(\sqrt{x-1}-2\right)-\sqrt{x+5}\left(\sqrt{x-1}-2\right)=0\)

⇔ \(\left(\sqrt{x-4}-\sqrt{x+5}\right)\left(\sqrt{x-1}-2\right)=0\)

⇔ \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-4}-\sqrt{x+5}=0\\\sqrt{x-1}-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

⇔ \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-4}=\sqrt{x+5}\\\sqrt{x-1}=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

⇔ \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x\in\varnothing\\x=5\end{matrix}\right.\)

⇔ x = 5

Vậy S = {5}

\(x=\sqrt{\dfrac{2\sqrt{3}+2-6\sqrt{3}}{2\sqrt{3}\left(2\sqrt{3}+2\right)}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{2-4\sqrt{3}}{2\sqrt{3}\left(2\sqrt{3}+2\right)}}\) ko tồn tại vì 2-4căn 3<0

Ta có : \(x=\frac{\sqrt{5}-1}{2}\Rightarrow2x=\sqrt{5}-1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x+1=\sqrt{5}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(2x+1\right)^2=5\)

\(\Rightarrow4x^2+4x+1=5\Rightarrow x^2+x-1=0\)

Khi đó ta có :

\(B=\left(4x^5+4x^4-5x^3+2x-2\right)^2+2021\)

\(=\left[\left(4x^5+4x^4-4x^3\right)-\left(x^3+x^2-x\right)+\left(x^2+x-1\right)-1\right]^2+2021\)

\(=\left[4x^3\left(x^2-x+1\right)-x\left(x^2+x-1\right)+\left(x^2+x-1\right)-1\right]^2+2021\)

\(=\left(-1\right)^2+2021=2022\)

Vậy \(B=2022\)