Từ bài toán, ta có:

\(\dfrac{a}{3}=\dfrac{b}{4}=\dfrac{c}{5}\) và \(a+b+c=24\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:

\(\dfrac{a}{3}=\dfrac{b}{4}=\dfrac{c}{5}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{3+4+5}=\dfrac{24}{12}=2\)

Suy ra:

\(a=2\cdot3=6\)

\(b=2\cdot4=8\)

\(c=3\cdot5=15\)

Phần a b c = 24 là ''+'' hay ''-'' hả bạn?

Ta có :

\(\frac{ab}{a+b}=\frac{bc}{b+c}=\frac{ca}{c+a}=\frac{ab-bc}{\left(a+b\right)-\left(b+c\right)}=\frac{bc-ca}{\left(b+c\right)-\left(c+a\right)}=\frac{ab-ca}{\left(a+b\right)-\left(c+a\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow a=b=c\)

\(\Rightarrow Q=\frac{ab^2+bc^2+ca^2}{a^3+b^3+c^3}=1\)

Nah...

Ta có: \(\frac{ab + ac}{2} = \frac{bc + ba}{3} = \frac{ca + cb}{4}\)

=>\(\frac{a(b + c)}{2} = \frac{b(c + a)}{3} = \frac{c(a + b)}{4}\)

=>\(\frac{a(b + c)}{2abc} = \frac{b(c + a)}{3abc} = \frac{c(a + b)}{4abc}\)

=>\(\frac{b + c}{2bc} = \frac{c + a}{3ca} = \frac{a + b}{4ab}\)

=>\(\frac{b}{2bc} + \frac{c}{2bc} = \frac{c}{3ca} + \frac{a}{3ca} = \frac{a}{4ab} + \frac{b}{4ab}\)

=>\(\frac{1}{2c}+\frac{1}{2b}=\frac{1}{3a}+\frac{1}{3c}=\frac{1}{4b}+\frac{1}{4a}\)

=>\(12 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2c} + \frac{1}{2b}\right) = 12 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3a} + \frac{1}{3c}\right) = 12 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{4b} + \frac{1}{4a}\right)\)

=>\(\frac{6}{c}+\frac{6}{b}=\frac{4}{a}+\frac{4}{c}=\frac{3}{b}+\frac{3}{a}\quad(*)\)

\(\frac{6}{c} + \frac{6}{b} = \frac{4}{a} + \frac{4}{c}\)

=>\(\frac{6}{c}-\frac{4}{c}+\frac{6}{b}=\frac{4}{a}\)

=>\(\frac{2}{c}+\frac{6}{b}=\frac{4}{a}\quad(1)\)

Ta có: \(\frac{4}{a} + \frac{4}{c} = \frac{3}{b} + \frac{3}{a}\)

=>\(\frac{4}{a}-\frac{3}{a}+\frac{4}{c}=\frac{3}{b}\)

=>\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{4}{c}=\frac{3}{b}\implies\frac{3}{b}-\frac{1}{a}=\frac{4}{c}\quad(2)\)

\(\frac{6}{c} + \frac{6}{b} = \frac{3}{b} + \frac{3}{a}\)

=>\(\frac{6}{b}-\frac{3}{b}+\frac{6}{c}=\frac{3}{a}\)

=>\(\frac{3}{b}+\frac{6}{c}=\frac{3}{a}\implies\frac{1}{b}+\frac{2}{c}=\frac{1}{a}\quad(3)\)

Từ (1),(3) suy ra \(\frac{2}{c} + \frac{6}{b} = 4 \left(\frac{1}{b} + \frac{2}{c}\right)\)

=>\(\frac{2}{c}+\frac{6}{b}=\frac{4}{b}+\frac{8}{c}\)

=>\(\frac{-6}{c}=\frac{-2}{b}\)

=>\(\frac{6}{c}=\frac{2}{b}\)

=>\(\frac{c}{6}=\frac{b}{2}\)

=>\(\frac{c}{15}=\frac{b}{5}\) (4)

=>\(\frac{1}{b}=\frac{3}{c}\)

=>\(\frac{1}{a} = \frac{3}{c} + \frac{2}{c} = \frac{5}{c}\)

=>\(\frac{a}{1}=\frac{c}{5}\)

=>\(\frac{a}{3}=\frac{c}{15}\) (5)

Từ (4),(5) suy ra \(\frac{a}{3}=\frac{b}{5}=\frac{c}{15}\) (ĐPCM)

\(\frac{a.b}{a+b}=\frac{b.c}{b+c}=\frac{c.a}{c+a}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+b}{a.b}=\frac{b+c}{b.c}=\frac{c+a}{c.a}\) (vì a;b;c khác 0)

\(=\frac{a}{a.b}+\frac{b}{a.b}=\frac{b}{b.c}+\frac{c}{b.c}=\frac{c}{c.a}+\frac{a}{c.a}\)

\(=\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{a}=\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{b}=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{c}\)

=> a = b = c

\(P=\frac{ab^2+bc^2+ca^2}{a^3+b^3+c^3}=\frac{a.a^2+a.a^2+a.a^2}{a^3+a^3+a^3}=\frac{a^3+a^3+a^3}{a^3+a^3+a^3}=1\)

\(3.\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)

\(=>3ab+3bc+3ca=a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca\)

\(=>3ab+3bc+3ca-a^2-b^2-c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca=0\)

\(=>-a^2-b^2-c^2+ab+bc+ca=0=>-\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)=0\)

\(=>a^2+b^2+c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca=0=>2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca\right)=0\)

\(=>2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca=0\)

\(=>\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)=0\)

\(=>\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)

Tổng 3 số không âm =0 <=> chúng = 0

<=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{cases}< =>a=b=c\left(đpcm\right)}\)