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\(CT:ACO_3\)
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{4.4912}{22.4}=0.2005\left(mol\right)\)
\(ACO_3+2HCl\rightarrow ACl_2+CO_2+H_2O\)
\(0.2005.....0.401.....0.2005...0.2005\)
\(M_{ACO_3}=\dfrac{20.05}{0.2005}=100\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A=100-60=40\)
\(A:Ca\left(Canxi\right)\)
\(m_{CaCl_2}=0.2005\cdot111=22.2555\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{dd}=20.05+100-0.2005\cdot44=111.228\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{CaCl_2}=\dfrac{22.2555}{111.228}\cdot100\%=20\%\)
Gọi kim loại cần tìm là A
a) PTHH: \(A+H_2O\rightarrow AOH+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\uparrow\)
\(AOH+HCl\rightarrow ACl+H_2O\)
b) Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow n_A=0,2mol\)
\(\Rightarrow M_A=\dfrac{7,8}{0,2}=39\) \(\Rightarrow\) Kim loại cần tìm là Kali
b) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{KCl}=0,2mol\\n_{HCl\left(pư\right)}=0,2mol\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,2\cdot20\%=0,04\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{KCl}=0,2\cdot74,5=14,9\left(g\right)\\m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,04\cdot36,5=1,46\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{H_2}=2\cdot0,1=0,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_K+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=7,8+\dfrac{0,24\cdot36,5}{10\%}-0,2=95,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{KCl}=\dfrac{14,9}{95,2}\cdot100\%\approx15,65\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{1,46}{95,2}\cdot100\%\approx1,53\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{v}{22,4}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,05mol\)
-Gọi A là kim loại kiềm
2A+2H2O\(\rightarrow\)2AOH+H2
\(n_A=2n_{H_2}=2.0,05=0,1mol\)
\(M_A=\dfrac{m_A}{n_A}=\dfrac{3,9}{0,1}=39\left(K\right)\)
\(n_{KOH}=n_K=0,1mol\rightarrow m_{KOH}=0,1.56=5,6gam\)
\(m_{dd}=m_K+m_{H_2O}-m_{H_2}=3,9+500-0,05.2=503,8gam\)
C%KOH=\(\dfrac{5,6.100}{503,8}\approx\)1,11%
-Gọi X là kim loại kiềm cần tìm
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05mol\)
PTHH: \(2X+2H_2O\rightarrow2XOH+H_2\)
=> 0,1mol 0,1mol 0,05mol
\(M_X=\dfrac{m}{n}=\dfrac{3,9}{0,1}=39\)
Vậy kim loại X cần tìm là Kali (K)
Ta có: \(m_{KOH}=0,1.\left(39+16+1\right)=5,9\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddKOH}=m_K+m_{H_2O}-m_{H_2}=3,9+500-\left(0,05.2\right)=503,8\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%=\dfrac{m_{KOH}}{m_{ddKOH}}.100\%=\dfrac{5,9}{503,8}.100\%\approx1,17\%\)
a)\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
Mol: x 1,5x
PTHH: Mg + H2SO4 → MgSO4 + H2
Mol: y y
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+24y=5,1\\1,5x+y=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27.100\%}{5,1}=52,94\%;\%m_{Mg}=100-52,94=47,06\%\)
b)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
Mol: 0,1 0,15 0,05
PTHH: Mg + H2SO4 → MgSO4 + H2
Mol: 0,1 0,1 0,1
\(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{\left(0,1+0,15\right).98.100}{9,8}=250\left(g\right)\)
mdd sau pứ = 5,1+250-0,15.2 = 254,8(g)
\(C\%_{ddAl_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,05.342.100\%}{254,8}=6,71\%\)
\(C\%_{ddMgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.120.100\%}{254,8}=4,71\%\)