2/

Xét phân số \(\dfrac{2n-3}{n+1}=\dfrac{2n+2-5}{n+1}=\dfrac{2n+2}{n+1}-\dfrac{5}{n+1}=\dfrac{2\left(n+1\right)}{n+1}-\dfrac{5}{n+1}=2-\dfrac{5}{n+1}\)

\(n\in Z\Rightarrow2n-3\inƯ\left(5\right)=\left\{-1;-5;1;5\right\}\)

Ta có bảng:

Vậy \(n\in\left\{-1;1;2;4\right\}\)

1/

(x + 1) + (x + 3) + (x + 5) + ... + (x + 999) = 500

<=> (x + x + x + ... + x) + (1 + 3 + 5 + ... + 999) = 500

Xét tổng A = 1 + 3 + 5 + ... + 999

Số số hạng của A là: (999 - 1) : 2 + 1 = 500 

Tổng A là: (999 + 1) x 500 : 2 = 250 000

Do A có 500 số hạng nên có 500 ẩn x.

Vậy ta có: 500x + 250 000 = 500

=> 500x = -249 500

=> x = 499

Vậy x = 499

a)

\(175\cdot19+38\cdot175+43\cdot175\\ =175\cdot19+175\cdot38+175\cdot43\\ =175\cdot\left(19+38+43\right)\\ =175\cdot100\\ =17500\)

b)

\(125\cdot75+125\cdot13-80\cdot125\\ =125\cdot75+125\cdot13-125\cdot80\\ =125\cdot\left(75+13-80\right)\\ =125\cdot10\\ =125\cdot8\\ =1000\)

a, 175. 19 + 38. 175 + 43. 175

= 175. 19 + 175. 38 + 175. 43

= 175.(19 + 38 + 43)

= 175. 100

= 17500 

67:

a: \(\frac{-x}{2}+\frac{2x}{3}+\frac{x+1}{4}+\frac{2x+1}{6}=\frac83\)

=>\(\frac{-6x}{12}+\frac{8x}{12}+\frac{3\left(x+1\right)}{12}+\frac{2\left(2x+1\right)}{12}=\frac{32}{12}\)

=>-6x+8x+3(x+1)+2(2x+1)=32

=>2x+3x+3+4x+2=32

=>9x=32-5=27

=>x=3

b: \(\frac{3}{2x+1}+\frac{10}{4x+2}-\frac{6}{6x+3}=\frac{12}{26}\)

=>\(\frac{3}{2x+1}+\frac{5}{2x+1}-\frac{2}{2x+1}=\frac{12}{26}=\frac{6}{13}\)

=>\(\frac{6}{2x+1}=\frac{6}{13}\)

=>2x+1=13

=>2x=12

=>x=6

Bài 68:

a: \(\frac{1}{51}<\frac{1}{50};\frac{1}{52}<\frac{1}{50};...;\frac{1}{100}<\frac{1}{50}\)

Do đó: \(\frac{1}{51}+\frac{1}{52}+\cdots+\frac{1}{100}<\frac{1}{50}+\frac{1}{50}+\cdots+\frac{1}{50}=\frac{50}{50}=1\) (1)

Ta có: \(\frac{1}{51}>\frac{1}{100};\frac{1}{52}>\frac{1}{100};\ldots;\frac{1}{100}=\frac{1}{100}\)

Do đó: \(\frac{1}{51}+\frac{1}{52}+..+\frac{1}{100}>\frac{1}{100}+\frac{1}{100}+\cdots+\frac{1}{100}\)

=>\(\frac{1}{51}+\frac{1}{52}+\cdots+\frac{1}{100}>\frac{50}{100}=\frac12\) (2)

Từ (1),(2) suy ra \(\frac12<\frac{1}{51}+\frac{1}{52}+\cdots+\frac{1}{100}<1\)

b: Ta có: \(\frac{1}{21}<\frac{1}{20};\frac{1}{22}<\frac{1}{20};\ldots;\frac{1}{30}<\frac{1}{20}\)

Do đó: \(\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+\cdots+\frac{1}{30}<\frac{1}{20}+\frac{1}{20}+\cdots+\frac{1}{20}=\frac{10}{20}=\frac12\) (3)

Ta có: \(\frac{1}{31}<\frac{1}{30};\frac{1}{32}<\frac{1}{30};\ldots;\frac{1}{40}<\frac{1}{30}\)

Do đó: \(\frac{1}{31}+\frac{1}{32}+\cdots+\frac{1}{40}<\frac{1}{30}+\frac{1}{30}+\cdots+\frac{1}{30}=\frac{10}{30}=\frac13\) (4)

Từ (3),(4) suy ra \(\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+\cdots+\frac{1}{40}<\frac12+\frac13=\frac56\left(5\right)\)

Ta có: \(\frac{1}{21}>\frac{1}{30};\frac{1}{22}>\frac{1}{30};\ldots;\frac{1}{30}=\frac{1}{30}\)

Do đó: \(\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+\cdots+\frac{1}{30}>\frac{1}{30}+\frac{1}{30}+\cdots+\frac{1}{30}=\frac{10}{30}=\frac13\) (6)

Ta có: \(\frac{1}{31}>\frac{1}{40};\frac{1}{32}>\frac{1}{40};\ldots;\frac{1}{40}=\frac{1}{40}\)

Do đó: \(\frac{1}{31}+\frac{1}{32}+\cdots+\frac{1}{40}>\frac{1}{40}+\frac{1}{40}+\cdots+\frac{1}{40}=\frac{10}{40}=\frac14\) (7)

Từ (6),(7) suy ra \(\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+...+\frac{1}{40}>\frac13+\frac14=\frac{7}{12}\) (8)

Từ (5),(8) suy ra \(\frac{7}{12}<\frac{1}{21}+\ldots+\frac{1}{40}<\frac56\)

a) Có 18 học sinh đi đến trường bằng xe đạp.

b) Lớp 6A có 45 học sinh.

c) Tỉ số phần trăm học sinh đi bộ đến trường là:

          (9 : 45) . 100 = 20%

bài 3:

a: \(C=5+5^2+5^3+\cdots+5^{20}\)

\(=5\left(1+5+5^2+\cdots+5^{19}\right)\) ⋮5

b: \(C=5+5^2+5^3+\cdots+5^{20}\)

\(=\left(5+5^2\right)+\left(5^3+5^4\right)+\cdots+\left(5^{19}+5^{20}\right)\)

\(=5\left(1+5\right)+5^3\left(1+5\right)+\cdots+5^{19}\left(1+5\right)\)

\(=6\left(5+5^3+\cdots+5^{19}\right)\) ⋮6

c: \(C=5+5^2+5^3+\cdots+5^{20}\)

\(=\left(5+5^2+5^3+5^4\right)+\left(5^5+5^6+5^7+5^8\right)+\cdots+\left(5^{17}+5^{18}+5^{19}+5^{20}\right)\)

\(=5\left(1+5+5^2+5^3\right)+5^5\left(1+5+5^2+5^3\right)+\cdots+5^{17}\left(1+5+5^2+5^3\right)\)

\(=\left(1+5+5^2+5^3\right)\left(5+5^5+\cdots+5^{17}\right)=156\cdot\left(5+5^5+\cdots+5^{17}\right)\)

\(=13\cdot12\cdot\left(5+5^5+\cdots+5^{17}\right)\) ⋮13

Bài 2:

a: \(B=3+3^2+3^3+\cdots+3^{120}\)

\(=3\left(1+3+3^2+3^3+\cdots+3^{119}\right)\) ⋮3

b: \(B=3+3^2+3^3+\cdots+3^{120}\)

\(=\left(3+3^2\right)+\left(3^3+3^4\right)+\cdots+\left(3^{119}+3^{120}\right)\)

\(=3\left(1+3\right)+3^3\left(1+3\right)+\cdots+3^{119}\left(1+3\right)\)

\(=4\left(3+3^3+\cdots+3^{119}\right)\) ⋮4

c: \(B=3+3^2+3^3+\cdots+3^{120}\)

\(=\left(3+3^2+3^3\right)+\left(3^4+3^5+3^6\right)+\cdots+\left(3^{118}+3^{119}+3^{120}\right)\)

\(=3\left(1+3+3^2\right)+3^4\left(1+3+3^2\right)+\cdots+3^{118}\left(1+3+3^2\right)\)

\(=13\left(3+3^4+\cdots+3^{118}\right)\) ⋮13

Bài 1:

a: \(A=2+2^2+2^3+\ldots+2^{20}\)

\(=2\left(1+2+2^2+\cdots+2^{19}\right)\) ⋮2

b: \(A=2+2^2+2^3+\ldots+2^{20}\)

\(=\left(2+2^2\right)+\left(2^3+2^4\right)+\cdots+\left(2^{19}+2^{20}\right)\)

\(=2\left(1+2\right)+2^3\left(1+2\right)+\cdots+2^{19}\left(1+2\right)\)

\(=3\left(2+2^3+\cdots+2^{19}\right)\) ⋮3

c: \(A=2+2^2+2^3+\ldots+2^{20}\)

\(=\left(2+2^2+2^3+2^4\right)+\left(2^5+2^6+2^7+2^8\right)+\cdots+\left(2^{17}+2^{18}+2^{19}+2^{20}\right)\)

\(=2\left(1+2+2^2+2^3\right)+2^5\left(1+2+2^2+2^3\right)+\cdots+2^{17}\left(1+2+2^2+2^3\right)\)

\(=15\left(2+2^5+\ldots+2^{17}\right)=5\cdot3\cdot\left(2+2^5+\cdots+2^{17}\right)\) ⋮5

Bài 1:

a; A = 2 + \(2^2\) + 2\(^3\) + ... + 2\(^{20}\)

A = 2 x (1+ 2+ 2\(^2\) + ... + 2\(^{19}\))

A ⋮ 2(đpcm)

b; A = 2 + \(2^2\) + 2\(^3\) + ... + 2\(^{20}\)

Xét dãy số: 1; 2;...; 20 đây là dãy số cách đều với khoảng cách là:

2 - 1 = 1

Số số hạng của dãy số trên là:

(20 - 1) : 1+ 1 = 20(số)

Vì 20 : 2 = 10

Vậy nhóm hai số hạng liên tiếp của A vào nhau khi đó ta có:

A = (2+ 2\(^2\)) + (2\(^3\) + 2\(^4\)) + ... + (2\(^{19}+\) 2\(^{20}\))

A = 2.(1 + 2) + 2\(^3\).(1+ 2) + ... + 2\(^{19}\) .(1 + 2)

A = 2.3 + 2\(^3\).3 + ... + 2\(^{19}\).3

A = 3.(2+ 2\(^3\) + ... + 2\(^{19}\))

A ⋮ 3 (đpcm)

c; A = 2 + \(2^2\) + 2\(^3\) + ... + 2\(^{20}\)

Xét dãy số: 1; 2; 3;...; 20

Dãy số trên có 20 số hạng:

Vì 20 : 4 = 5

Vậy nhóm 4 hạng tử của A thành một nhóm khi đó:

A = (2+ 2\(^2\) + 2\(^3\) + 2\(^4\)) + ... + (2\(^{17}+2^{18}+2^{19}+2^{20}\))

A = 2.(1 + 2 + 2\(^2\) + 2\(^3\)) + ... + 2\(^{17}\).(1 + 2 + 2\(^2\) + 2\(^3\))

A = (1+ 2 +2\(^2\) + 2\(^3\)).(2+ ...+ 2\(^{17}\))

A = (1 + 2 + 4 + 8).(2+ ...+ 2\(^{17}\))

A = (3+ 4 + 8).(2+ ...+ 2\(^{17}\))

A = (7 + 8)(2+ ...+ 2\(^{17}\))

A = 15.(2+ ...+ 2\(^{17}\))

A ⋮ 5(đpcm)

\(\dfrac{15}{34}+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{19}{34}-\dfrac{4}{3}+\dfrac{3}{7}=\left(\dfrac{15}{34}+\dfrac{19}{34}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{4}{3}\right)+\dfrac{3}{7}=1-1+\dfrac{3}{7}=\dfrac{3}{7}\)

Ta có: \(10A=\frac{10^{21}-60}{10^{21}-6}=\frac{10^{21}-6-54}{10^{21}-6}=1-\frac{54}{10^{21}-6}\)

\(10B=\frac{10^{22}-60}{10^{22}-6}=\frac{10^{22}-6-54}{10^{22}-6}=1-\frac{54}{10^{22}-6}\)

Ta có: \(10^{21}-6<10^{22}-6\)

=>\(\frac{54}{10^{21}-6}>\frac{54}{10^{22}-6}\)

=>\(-\frac{54}{10^{21}-6}<-\frac{54}{10^{22}-6}\)

=>\(-\frac{54}{10^{21}-6}+1<-\frac{54}{10^{22}-6}+1\)

=>10A<10B

=>A<B

Bài 23:

a+4b⋮13

=>10(a+4b)⋮13

=>10a+40b⋮13

=>10a+b+39b⋮13

mà 39b⋮13

nên 10a+b⋮13

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