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1,C +2H2SO4->C02+2SO2 +2H2O
2,P +5HNO3 ->H3P4O +5NO2 +H20
3, 2PH3 +4O2 ->P2O5+3H2O
4,4NH3 +5O2 ->4NO+6H2O
5,SO2+Br2 +2H2O -> 2HBr +H2SO4
6, 2KClO3+3C -> 2KCl +3CO2
7, 3P +5HNO3 +2H2O -> 3H3PO4 +5NO
8,2PH3 +4O2 ->P2O5+3H2O
9, CH4 +2O2 -> CO2+ 2H2O
(1) \(K\overset{+7}{Mn}O_4+H\overset{-1}{Cl}\rightarrow KCl+\overset{+2}{Mn}Cl_2+\overset{0}{Cl_2}+H_2O\)
- Chất khử: HCl
Chất oxh: KMnO4
- Sự oxh: \(2Cl^{-1}\rightarrow Cl_2^0+2e|\times5\)
Sự khử: \(Mn^{+7}+5e\rightarrow Mn^{+2}|\times2\)
\(\rightarrow2KMnO_4+16HCl\rightarrow2KCl+2MnCl_2+5Cl_2+8H_2O\)
(2) \(H\overset{+5}{N}O_3+\overset{0}{Cu}\rightarrow\overset{+2}{Cu}\left(NO_3\right)_2+\overset{+4}{N}O_2+H_2O\)
- Chất khử: Cu
Chất oxh: HNO3
- Sự khử: \(N^{+5}+1e\rightarrow N^{+4}|\times2\)
Sự oxh: \(Cu^0\rightarrow Cu^{+2}+2e|\times1\)
\(\rightarrow4HNO_3+Cu\rightarrow Cu\left(NO_3\right)_2+2NO_2+2H_2O\)
(3) \(\overset{-3}{N}H_3+\overset{0}{O_2}\rightarrow\overset{+2}{N}\overset{-2}{O}+H_2O\)
- Chất khử: NH3
Chất oxh: O2
- Sự khử: \(O_2^0+4e\rightarrow2O^{-2}|\times5\)
Sự oxh: \(N^{-3}\rightarrow N^{+2}+5e|\times4\)
\(\rightarrow4NH_3+5O_2\rightarrow4NO+6H_2O\)
a) 4NH3 + 5O2 -to-> 4NO + 6H2O
Chất khử: NH3, chất oxh: O2
| \(N^{-3}-5e->N^{+2}\) | x4 |
| \(O_2^0+4e->2O^{-2}\) | x5 |
b) 2H2S + O2 -to-> 2S + 2H2O
Chất khử: H2S, chất oxh: O2
| \(S^{-2}-2e->S^0\) | x2 |
| \(O^0_2+4e->2O^{-2}\) | x1 |
c) 2Al + Fe2O3 -to-> Al2O3 + 2Fe
Chất khử: Al, chất oxh: Fe2O3
| Al0-3e--> Al+3 | x2 |
| Fe2+3 +6e--> 2Fe0 | x1 |
d) Fe2O3 + 3CO -to-> 2Fe + 3CO2
Chất oxh: Fe2O3, chất khử: CO
| Fe2+3 +6e-->2Fe0 | x1 |
| C+2 - 2e --> C+4 | x3 |
e) CuO + CO -to-> Cu + CO2
Chất oxh: CuO, chất khử: CO
| Cu+2 +2e-->Cu0 | x1 |
| C+2 -2e --> C+4 | x1 |
1) 4NH3 + 5O2 --> 4NO + 6H2O
| N-3 -5e--> N+2 | x4 |
| O20 +4e--> 2O-2 | x5 |
2) Cu + Cl2 --> CuCl2
| Cu0-2e-->Cu+2 | x1 |
| Cl20 +2e--> 2Cl- | x1 |
3) 2Na + 2H2O --> 2NaOH + H2
| Na0-1e-->Na+ | x2 |
| 2H+ +2e--> H20 | x1 |
4) Fe + CuSO4 --> FeSO4 + Cu
| Fe0-2e-->Fe+2 | x1 |
| Cu+2 +2e--> Cu0 | x1 |
5) 4Mg + 10HNO3 --> 4Mg(NO3)2 + NH4NO3 + 3H2O
| Mg0-2e-->Mg+2 | x4 |
| N+5 +8e--> N-3 | x1 |
6) 4Zn + 5H2SO4 --> 4ZnSO4 + H2S + 4H2O
| Zn0-2e-->Zn+2 | x4 |
| S+6 +8e--> S-2 | x1 |
7) MnO2 + 4HCl --> MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O
| Mn+4 +2e--> Mn+2 | x1 |
| 2Cl- -2e--> Cl20 | x1 |
8) 2KClO3 --to--> 2KCl + 3O2
| Cl+5 +6e--> Cl- | x2 |
| 2O-2 -4e--> O20 | x3 |
9) Cl2 + 6KOH --> 5KCl + KClO3 + 3H2O
| Cl0 +1e--> Cl- | x5 |
| Cl0 -5e--> Cl+5 | x1 |
10) 3Fe3O4 + 28HNO3 --> 9Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 14H2O
| \(Fe_3^{+\dfrac{8}{3}}-1e\rightarrow3Fe^{+3}\) | x3 |
| \(N^{+5}+3e\rightarrow N^{+2}\) | x1 |
11) M + 2nHNO3 --> M(NO3)n + nNO2 + nH2O
| M0-ne-->M+n | x1 |
| N+5 +1e--> N+4 | xn |
12) C6H12O6 + 12H2SO4 --> 12SO2 + 6CO2 + 18H2O
| C60-24e-->6C+4 | x1 |
| S+6 +2e--> S+4 | x12 |
1)
N-3 \(\rightarrow\) N+2 + 5e (4x)
2O+ 4e\(\rightarrow\) 2O-2 (5x)
4NH3+ 5O2\(\underrightarrow{^{to}}\) 4NO+ 6H2O
2)
2N-3 \(\rightarrow\) N2 + 6e (2x)
2O + 4e \(\rightarrow\)2O-2 (3x)
8NH3 + 6O2\(\underrightarrow{^{to}}\)4N2+ 12H2O
3)
S-2 \(\rightarrow\) S + 2e (2x)
2O+ 4e \(\rightarrow\) 2O-2 (1x)
2H2S+ O2 \(\underrightarrow{^{to}}\)2S+ 2H2O
4)
2P \(\rightarrow\) 2P+5 +10e (6x)
Cl+5 +6e\(\rightarrow\) Cl-1 (5x)
6P+ 5KClO3 \(\underrightarrow{^{to}}\) 3P2O5+ 5KCl