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a)
$A=\dfrac{a}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{b}{c^2+1}+\dfrac{c}{a^2+1}$
$\ge \dfrac{(a+b+c)^2}{a(b^2+1)+b(c^2+1)+c(a^2+1)}\qquad (\text{Cauchy Engel})$
$=\dfrac{1}{ab^2+bc^2+ca^2+1}$
$\ge \dfrac{1}{ab(a+b)+bc(b+c)+ca(c+a)+1}$
$=\dfrac{1}{(a+b+c)(ab+bc+ca)+1}
$\ge \dfrac{1}{\frac13+1}$ $=\dfrac34$
Dấu bằng khi $a=b=c=\dfrac13$.
$\boxed{A_{\min}=\dfrac34}$
b)
$B=\dfrac{a}{ab+2c}+\dfrac{b}{bc+2a}+\dfrac{c}{ca+2b}$
$\ge \dfrac{(a+b+c)^2}{a(ab+2c)+b(bc+2a)+c(ca+2b)}$
$=\dfrac4{a^2b+b^2c+c^2a+2(ab+bc+ca)}$
Lại có $a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\le (a+b+c)(ab+bc+ca)$$=2(ab+bc+ca)$
Nên $B\ge \dfrac4{4(ab+bc+ca)}$$=\dfrac1{ab+bc+ca}$
$\ge \dfrac1{\frac{(a+b+c)^2}{3}}$ $=\dfrac34$
Dấu bằng khi $a=b=c=\dfrac23$.
$B_{\min}=\dfrac34$
a,b,c khác nhau đôi một nghĩa là từng cặp số khác nhau ,là:
+a khác b
+b khác c
+c khác a
\(A=\frac{1}{a^2+2bc}+\frac{1}{b^2+2ac}+\frac{1}{c^2+2ab}\)
Từ \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=0=>\frac{ab+bc+ac}{abc}=0=>ab+bc+ac=0\)
Suy ra: \(ab==-\left(bc+ac\right)=-bc-ac\)
\(bc=-\left(ab+ac\right)=-ab-ac\)
\(ac=-\left(ab+bc\right)=-ab-bc\)
Nên \(a^2+2ab=a^2+bc+bc=a^2+bc+\left(-ab-ac\right)=a\left(a-b\right)-c\left(a-b\right)=\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\)
Tương tự,ta cũng có: \(b^2+2ac=\left(b-a\right)\left(b-c\right)\)
\(c^2+2ab=\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)\)
Vậy \(A=\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}=\frac{b-c+c-a+a-b}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}=0\)
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)=a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)=0\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ac=0\Leftrightarrow bc=-ab-ac\)
\(\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+2bc}=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+bc-ac-ab}=\dfrac{a^2}{\left(a-c\right)\left(a-b\right)}\)
CMTT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b^2}{b^2+2ca}=\dfrac{b^2}{\left(b-a\right)\left(b-c\right)}\\\dfrac{c^2}{c^2+2ab}=\dfrac{c^2}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}=\dfrac{c^2}{\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{a^2}{\left(a-c\right)\left(a-b\right)}+\dfrac{b^2}{\left(b-a\right)\left(b-c\right)}+\dfrac{c^2}{\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}=\dfrac{a^2\left(b-c\right)-b^2\left(a-c\right)+c^2\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}=\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}=1\)
Vì sao bước thứ 2 từ dưới lên lại có thể suy ra (a−b)(b−c)(a−c)/(a−b)(b−c)(a−c)=1?
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy Schwarz dạng Engel ta được:
\(\frac{a^2}{a^2+2bc}+\frac{b^2}{b^2+2ac}+\frac{c^2}{c^2+2ab}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a^2+2bc+b^2+2ac+c^2+2ab}=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\)=1
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel ta có :
\(VT\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a^2+2bc+b^2+2ac+c^2+2ab}=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=1\)
=> đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a = b = c
VT = (a+b+c)^2
= [(a+b) + c]^2
= (a+b)^2 + 2(a+b)c + c^2
= a^2 + 2ab + b^2 + 2ac + 2bc + c^2
= a^2 + b^2 + c^2 + 2ab + 2ac + 2bc = VP
Vậy ...
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VT= (a+b+c)^2 + a^2 + b^2 + c^2
= [(a+b) + c]^2 + a^2 + b^2 + c^2
= (a+b)^2 + 2(a+b)c + c^2 + a^2 + b^2 + c^2
= a^2 + 2ab + b^2 + 2ac + 2bc + c^2 + a^2 + b^2 + c^2
= (a^2 + 2ab + b^2) + (b^2 + 2bc + c^2) + (c^2 + 2ca + a^2)
= (a+b)^2 + (b+c)^2 + (c+a)^2 = VP
Vậy...
( a + b + c ) 2 = a ( a + b + c ) + b ( a + b + c ) + c ( a + b + c )
= a2 + ab + ac + ab + b2 + bc + ac + bc + c2
= a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2ac + 2bc