A B C D E I F Từ D vẽ đường thẳng song song với AC cắt BC tại F

Ta có: \(\bigtriangleup\)ABC cân tại A \(\Rightarrow\) \(\widehat{ABC}=\widehat{ACB}\) (1)

DF//AC \(\Rightarrow\) DF//EC \(\Rightarrow\) \(\begin{cases} \widehat{ACB}=\widehat{DFB}(2)\\ \widehat{FDI}=\widehat{IEC}(3) \end{cases}\)

Từ (1);(2) \(\Rightarrow\) \(\widehat{ABC}=\widehat{DFB}\)

\(\Rightarrow\) \(\bigtriangleup\)DFB cân tại D

\(\Rightarrow\) BD=DF.

Mà BD=CE(gt) \(\Rightarrow\) CE=DF.

Xét \(\bigtriangleup\)FDI và \(\bigtriangleup\)CEI có:

DF=CE(cmt)

\(\widehat{FDI}=\widehat{IEC}\) (cmt)

DI=IE(I là trung điểm DE)

\(\Rightarrow\) \(\bigtriangleup\)FDI = \(\bigtriangleup\)CEI (c-g-c)

\(\Rightarrow\) \(\widehat{FID}=\widehat{EIC}\)

Ta có: \(\widehat{DIC}+\widehat{CIE}\) = 180^o

Mà \(\widehat{FID}=\widehat{EIC}\) (cmt)

\(\Rightarrow\) \(\widehat{DIC}+\widehat{DIF}\) = 180^o

\(\Rightarrow\) \(\widehat{FIC}=180^{0}\)

Hay \(\widehat{BIC}=180^{0}\)

\(\Rightarrow\) 3 điểm B,I,C thẳng hàng (đpcm)

Kẻ DH song song với AC (H thuộc BC)

Xét tam giác DBH. Ta có Góc BDH = góc BAC. B là góc chung => góc DHB = góc ACB. góc B = ACB (Tam giác ABC cân) => tam giác BDH cân lại D => DB = DH.

Xét 2 tam giác DHI và tam giác ECI

Ta có: 

Góc HDI = góc IEC ( vị trí so le trong của DH và AC)

DH = CE ( cùng bằng DB)

DI = IE (gt)

=> 2 tam giác bằng nhau c.g.c 

=> Góc DIB = Góc EIC 

mà 2 góc này ở vị trí đối đỉnh => Thằng hàng.

(hoặc góc EIC + CID = 180 => DIB + CID = 180 độ => BIC là góc bẹt )

Xét ΔBAD có BM là đường trung tuyến

nên \(\overrightarrow{BM}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{BD}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{5}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{6}\left(5\overrightarrow{BA}+2\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{5}{6}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)

\(\overrightarrow{BN}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AN}\)

\(=\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{BC}\)

=>\(\overrightarrow{BM}=\dfrac{5}{6}\cdot\overrightarrow{BN}\)

=>B,M,N thẳng hàng

a: \(\overrightarrow{BM}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AM}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\frac12\cdot\overrightarrow{AD}\)

\(=\overrightarrow{BA}+\frac12\cdot\frac12\cdot\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=-\frac34\cdot\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac14\cdot\overrightarrow{AC}\)

\(=-\frac14\left(3\cdot\overrightarrow{AB}-\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)

\(\overrightarrow{BN}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AN}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\frac13\cdot\overrightarrow{AC}=\frac{-1}{3}\left(3\cdot\overrightarrow{AB}-\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)

=>\(\frac{\overrightarrow{BM}}{\overrightarrow{BN}}=\frac{-1}{4}:\frac{-1}{3}=\frac34\)

=>B.M,N thẳng hàng

b: \(\overrightarrow{IM}=\overrightarrow{IA}+\overrightarrow{AM}\)

\(=-\frac23\cdot\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac12\cdot\overrightarrow{AD}=-\frac23\cdot\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac12\cdot\frac12\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)

\(=-\frac23\cdot\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac14\cdot\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac14\cdot\overrightarrow{AC}=\frac{-5}{12}\cdot\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac14\cdot\overrightarrow{AC}\)

\(=\frac14\left(-\frac53\cdot\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)

\(\overrightarrow{IJ}=\overrightarrow{IA}+\overrightarrow{AJ}=-\frac23\cdot\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac25\cdot\overrightarrow{AC}=-2\left(\frac13\cdot\overrightarrow{AB}-\frac15\cdot\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)

\(=\frac25\left(\frac{-5}{3}\cdot\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)

Do đó: \(\frac{\overrightarrow{IM}}{\overrightarrow{IJ}}=\frac14:\frac25=\frac58\)

=>I,M,J thẳng hàng

\(\overrightarrow{AI}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BI}\)

\(=\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac12\cdot\overrightarrow{BM}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac12\cdot\frac12\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)

\(=\overrightarrow{AB}-\frac14\cdot\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac14\cdot\overrightarrow{BC}=\frac34\cdot\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac14\cdot\overrightarrow{BC}=\frac14\left(3\cdot\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)

\(\overrightarrow{AN}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BN}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac13\cdot\overrightarrow{BC}\)

\(=\frac13\left(3\cdot\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)

=>\(\overrightarrow{AI}=\frac34\cdot\overrightarrow{AN}\)

=>A,I,N thẳng hàng

Xét ΔAEH có AI là đường trung tuyến

nên \(\overrightarrow{AI}=\frac12\left(\overrightarrow{AE}+\overrightarrow{AH}\right)\)

\(=\frac12\left(\frac34\cdot\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac12\cdot\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=\frac12\cdot\frac14\left(3\cdot\overrightarrow{AB}+2\cdot\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=\frac18\left(3\cdot\overrightarrow{AB}+2\cdot\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)

\(\overrightarrow{AF}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BF}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac25\cdot\overrightarrow{BC}\)

\(=\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac25\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=\frac35\cdot\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac25\cdot\overrightarrow{AC}=\frac15\left(3\cdot\overrightarrow{AB}+2\cdot\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)

=>\(\overrightarrow{AI}=\frac58\cdot\overrightarrow{AF}\)

=>A,I,F thẳng hàng

Xét ΔBAD có BI là đường trung tuyến

nên \(\overrightarrow{BI}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{BD}\right)\)

=>\(\overrightarrow{BI}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{5}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot\dfrac{1}{3}\left(5\overrightarrow{BA}+2\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=\dfrac{1}{6}\left(5\overrightarrow{BA}+2\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=\dfrac{5}{6}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)

\(\overrightarrow{BM}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AM}\)

\(=\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{AC}\)

=>\(\overrightarrow{BI}=\dfrac{5}{6}\cdot\overrightarrow{BM}\)

=>B,I,M thẳng hàng

Cách 1: Dùng định lý Menelaus đảo:

Từ đề bài, ta có \(\dfrac{BD}{BC}=\dfrac{2}{3}\), \(\dfrac{MC}{MA}=\dfrac{3}{2}\), \(\dfrac{IA}{ID}=1\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{BD}{BC}.\dfrac{MC}{MA}.\dfrac{IA}{ID}=1\)

Theo định lý Menelaus đảo, suy ra B, I, M thẳng hàng.

Cách 2: Dùng vector

 Ta có \(\overrightarrow{BI}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{BD}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}\) 

\(=\dfrac{1}{6}\left(3\overrightarrow{BA}+2\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)

Lại có \(\overrightarrow{BM}=\dfrac{MC}{AC}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{MA}{AC}\overrightarrow{BC}\)

\(=\dfrac{3}{5}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{BC}\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{5}\left(3\overrightarrow{BA}+2\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{6}{5}.\dfrac{1}{6}\left(3\overrightarrow{BA}+2\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{6}{5}\overrightarrow{BI}\)

Vậy \(\overrightarrow{BM}=\dfrac{6}{5}\overrightarrow{BI}\), suy ra B, I, M thẳng hàng. 

1). Vì MP là đường kính suy ra  P N ⊥ M N  (1).

Vì MD là đường kính suy ra  D N ⊥ M N  (2).

Từ (1) và (2), suy ra N; P; D thẳng hàng.