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ĐKXĐ: \(x\notin\left\{0;-9\right\}\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{x+9}-\dfrac{1}{x}=\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{20x}{20x\left(x+9\right)}-\dfrac{20\left(x+9\right)}{20x\left(x+9\right)}=\dfrac{4x\left(x+9\right)+5x\left(x+9\right)}{20x\left(x+9\right)}\)
Suy ra: \(4x^2+36x+5x^2+45x=20x-20x-180\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9x^2+81x+180=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+9x+20=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+4x+5x+20=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x+4\right)+5\left(x+4\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+4\right)\left(x+5\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+4=0\\x+5=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-4\left(nhận\right)\\x=-5\left(nhận\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: S={-4;-5}
\(a,=x^2+x+4x+4=\left(x+1\right)\left(x+4\right)\\ b,=x^2+2x-3x-6=\left(x-3\right)\left(x+2\right)\\ c,=x^2-2x-3x+6=\left(x-2\right)\left(x-3\right)\\ d,=3\left(x^2-2x+5x-10\right)=3\left(x-2\right)\left(x+5\right)\\ e,=-3x^2+6x-x+2=\left(x-2\right)\left(1-3x\right)\\ f,=x^2-x-6x+6=\left(x-1\right)\left(x-6\right)\\ h,=4\left(x^2-3x-6x+18\right)=4\left(x-3\right)\left(x-6\right)\\ i,=3\left(3x^2-3x-8x+5\right)=3\left(x-1\right)\left(3x-8\right)\\ k,=-\left(2x^2+x+4x+2\right)=-\left(2x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\\ l,=x^2-2xy-5xy+10y^2=\left(x-2y\right)\left(x-5y\right)\\ m,=x^2-xy-2xy+2y^2=\left(x-y\right)\left(x-2y\right)\\ n,=x^2+xy-3xy-3y^2=\left(x+y\right)\left(x-3y\right)\)
Hướng làm:
Thấy cả tử mẫu cộng lại đều bằng 2021 → Cộng thêm 1 rồi quy đồng với mỗi phân thức
\(\dfrac{x+2}{2019}+1+\dfrac{x+3}{2018}+1=\dfrac{x+4}{2017}+1+\dfrac{x}{2021}+1\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x+2021}{2019}+\dfrac{x+2021}{2018}-\dfrac{x+2021}{2017}-\dfrac{x+2021}{2021}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x+2021\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2019}+\dfrac{1}{2018}-\dfrac{1}{2017}-\dfrac{1}{2021}\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x+2021=0\Leftrightarrow x=-2021\)
\(< =>\dfrac{x+2}{2019}+1+\dfrac{x+3}{2018}+1=\dfrac{x+4}{2017}+1+\dfrac{x}{2021}+1\)
\(< =>\dfrac{x+2+2019}{2019}+\dfrac{x+3+2018}{2018}=\dfrac{x+4+2017}{2017}+\dfrac{x+2021}{2021}\)
\(< =>\dfrac{x+2021}{2019}+\dfrac{x+2021}{2018}-\dfrac{x+2021}{2017}-\dfrac{x+2021}{2021}=0\)
\(< =>\left(x+2021\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2019}+\dfrac{1}{2018}-\dfrac{1}{2017}-\dfrac{1}{2021}=\right)=0\)
\(< =>x+2021=0< =>x=-2021\)
Vậy....
\(\frac{x+2}{2019}+\frac{x+3}{2018}=\frac{x+4}{2017}+\frac{x}{2021}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x+2}{2019}+1+\frac{x+3}{2018}+1=\frac{x+4}{2017}+1+\frac{x}{2021}+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x+2021}{2019}+\frac{x+2021}{2018}=\frac{x+2021}{2017}+\frac{x+2021}{2021}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+2021=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=-2021\)
x+2+2018x+3=2017x+4+2021x
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{x + 2}{2019} + 1 + \frac{x + 3}{2018} + 1 = \frac{x + 4}{2017} + 1 + \frac{x}{2021} + 1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{x + 2021}{2019} + \frac{x + 2021}{2018} = \frac{x + 2021}{2017} + \frac{x + 2021}{2021}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x + 2021 = 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x = - 2021\)
\(a,A=0,2\left(5x-1\right)-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{2}{3}x+4\right)+\dfrac{2}{3}\left(3-x\right)\)
\(=x-0,2-\dfrac{1}{3}x-2+2-\dfrac{2}{3}x\)
\(=\left(-0,2-2+2\right)+\left(x-\dfrac{1}{3}x-\dfrac{2}{3}x\right)\)
\(=-0,2\)
\(b,B=\left(x-2y\right)\left(x^2+2xy+4y^2\right)-\left(x^3-8y^3+10\right)\)
\(=x^3-8y^3-x^3+8y^3-10\)
\(=-10\)
\(c,C=4\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(2x-1\right)^2-8\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)-4x\)
\(=4\left(x^2+2x+1\right)+\left(4x^2-4x+1\right)-8\left(x^2-1\right)-4x\)
\(=4x^2+8x+4+4x^2-4x+1-8x^2+8-4x\)
\(=13\)
a) \(A=0,2\left(5x-1\right)-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{2}{3}x+4\right)+\dfrac{2}{3}\left(3-x\right)\)
\(A=x-\dfrac{1}{5}-\dfrac{1}{3}x-2+2-\dfrac{2}{3}x\)
\(A=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{3}x-\dfrac{2}{3}x\right)-\left(\dfrac{1}{5}+2-2\right)\)
\(A=-\dfrac{1}{5}\)
Vậy: ...
b) \(B=\left(x-2y\right)\left(x^2+2xy+4y^2\right)-\left(x^3-8y^3+10\right)\)
\(B=\left[x^3-\left(2y\right)^3\right]-\left[x^3-\left(2y\right)^3\right]-10\)
\(B=-10\)
Vậy: ...
c) \(4\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(2x-1\right)^2-8\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)-4x\)
\(=4\left(x^2+2x+4\right)+\left(4x^2-4x+1\right)-8\left(x^2-1\right)-4x\)
\(=4x^2+8x+4+4x^2-4x+1-8x^2+8-4x\)
\(=\left(4x^2+4x^2-8x^2\right)+\left(8x-4x-4x\right)+\left(4+1+8\right)\)
\(=13\)
Vậy:...
a) \(A=\dfrac{\left(2x^2+2x\right)\left(x-2\right)^2}{\left(x^3-4x\right)\left(x+1\right)}=\dfrac{2x\left(x+1\right)\left(x-2\right)^2}{x\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{2\left(x-2\right)}{x+2}\)
Thay \(x=\dfrac{1}{2}\) vào A ta được:
\(A=\dfrac{2\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{2}-2\right)}{\dfrac{1}{2}+2}=\dfrac{-3}{\dfrac{5}{2}}=-\dfrac{6}{5}\)
b) \(B=\dfrac{x^3-x^2y+xy^2}{x^3+y^3}=\dfrac{x\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)}=\dfrac{x}{x+y}\)
Thay \(x=-5,y=10\) vào B ta đc:
\(B=\dfrac{-5}{-5+10}=-1\)
Bài 13:
ĐKXĐ: x∉{0;2;-2;1/2}
a: \(B=\left(\frac{x+2}{2-x}-\frac{4x^2}{x^2-4}-\frac{2-x}{x+2}\right):\frac{2x^2-x}{x^2-2x}\)
\(=\left(\frac{-\left(x+2\right)}{x-2}-\frac{4x^2}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}+\frac{x-2}{x+2}\right):\frac{x\left(2x-1\right)}{x\left(x-2\right)}\)
\(=\frac{-\left(x+2\right)^2-4x^2+\left(x-2\right)^2}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}\cdot\frac{x-2}{2x-1}\)
\(=\frac{-x^2-4x-4-4x^2+x^2-4x+4}{x+2}\cdot\frac{1}{2x-1}=\frac{-4x^2-8x}{\left(x+2\right)\left(2x-1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{-4x\left(x+2\right)}{\left.\left(x+2\right)\left(2x-1\right)\right.}=\frac{-4x}{2x-1}\)
b: |x|=3
=>x=3 hoặc x=-3
Khi x=3 thì \(B=\frac{-4\cdot3}{2\cdot3-1}=\frac{-12}{5}\)
Khi x=-3 thì \(B=\frac{-4\cdot\left(-3\right)}{2\cdot\left(-3\right)-1}=\frac{12}{-6-1}=\frac{-12}{7}\)
c: Để B nguyên thì -4x⋮2x-1
=>-4x+2-2⋮2x-1
=>-2⋮2x-1
mà 2x-1 lẻ
nên 2x-1∈{1;-1}
=>2x∈{2;0}
=>x∈{1;0}
Kết hợp ĐKXĐ, ta được: x=1
Bài 12:
a: ĐKXĐ: a∉{1;-1;-2}
b: \(P=\left(\frac{a+1}{2a-2}+\frac{1}{2-2a^2}\right)\cdot\frac{2a+2}{a+2}\)
\(=\left(\frac{a+1}{2\left(a-1\right)}-\frac{1}{2\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)}\right)\cdot\frac{2\left(a+1\right)}{a+2}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a+1\right)^2-1}{2\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)}\cdot\frac{2\left(a+1\right)}{a+2}=\frac{a\left(a+2\right)}{\left(a-1\right)\left(a+2\right)}=\frac{a}{a-1}\)
c: |a|=2
=>a=2(nhận) hoặc a=-2(loại)
Khi a=2 thì \(P=\frac{2}{2-1}=\frac21=2\)
Bài 11:
a: ĐKXĐ: x∉{2;-3}
b: \(P=\frac{x+2}{x+3}-\frac{5}{x^2+3x-2x-6}+\frac{1}{2-x}\)
\(=\frac{x+2}{x+3}-\frac{5}{\left(x+3\right)\left(x-2\right)}-\frac{1}{x-2}\)
\(=\frac{\left(x+2\right)\left(x-2\right)-5-\left(x+3\right)}{\left(x+3\right)\left(x-2\right)}=\frac{x^2-4-5-x-3}{\left(x+3\right)\left(x-2\right)}\)
\(=\frac{x^2-x-12}{\left(x+3\right)\left(x-2\right)}=\frac{\left(x-4\right)\left(x+3\right)}{\left(x+3\right)\left(x-2\right)}=\frac{x-4}{x-2}\)
c: \(P=\frac{-3}{4}\)
=>\(\frac{x-4}{x-2}=\frac{-3}{4}\)
=>4(x-4)=-3(x-2)
=>4x-16=-3x+6
=>7x=22
=>\(x=\frac{22}{7}\) (nhận)
d: Để P nguyên thì x-4⋮x-2
=>x-2-2⋮x-2
=>-2⋮x-2
=>x-2∈{1;-1;2;-2}
=>x∈{3;1;4;0}
e: \(x^2-9=0\)
=>\(x^2=9\)
=>x=3(nhận) hoặc x=-3(loại)
Khi x=3 thì \(P=\frac{3-4}{3-2}=-1\)
Bài 6
\(a,ĐK:x\ne\pm5\\ b,P=\dfrac{x-5+2x+10-2x-10}{\left(x-5\right)\left(x+5\right)}=\dfrac{x-5}{\left(x-5\right)\left(x+5\right)}=\dfrac{1}{x+5}\\ c,P=-3\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x+5}=-3\Leftrightarrow-3\left(x+5\right)=1\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{16}{3}\\ \Leftrightarrow Q=\left(3x-7\right)^2=\left[3\cdot\left(-\dfrac{16}{3}\right)-7\right]^2=529\)
Bài 7:
\(a,ĐK:x\ne\pm3\\ b,P=\dfrac{3x-9+x+3+18}{\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)}=\dfrac{4\left(x+3\right)}{\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)}=\dfrac{4}{x-3}\\ b,P=4\Leftrightarrow4\left(x-3\right)=4\Leftrightarrow x=4\)
xét :
|2x - 1| = 2x - 1 nếu 2x - 1 >0 hay x > \(\frac{1}{2}\)
=> 4(2x - 1) - x = 2 <=> 8x - 4 -x = 2 <=> 7x = 6 => x = \(\frac{6}{7}\)
( thỏa mãn ĐK )
|2x -1| = 1 - 2x nếu 2x - 1 < 0 hay x < \(\frac{1}{2}\)
=> 4.( 1 - 2x) - x = 2 <=> 4 - 8x -x = 2<=> 2 =9x => x = \(\frac{2}{9}\) (thỏa mãn ĐK)
vậy phương trình có nghiệm s = { \(\frac{1}{2},\frac{2}{9}\) }