3. Read the Learn this! box. Complete the rules.(Đọc hộp Learn this! Hoàn thành các quy tắc.)

LEARN THIS! Past simple (negative and interrogative)

a. We form the negative form of the past simple with (1) _____ and the infinitive without to.

I didn’t go out last night.

b. We form the interrogative form of the past simple with (2) _____ and the infinitive without to.

Did Harry text you? Yes, he did. I No, he didn't.

c. We do not use did/ didn't with the verbs (3) _____ or (4) _____

Was Joe late for school? Yes, he was.

Could you read when you were three? No, I couldn't.

Put the verbs in brackets in the correct forms.

(Chia dạng đúng các động từ trong ngoặc.)

1. If I (be) ______ you, I (live) ______ with a host family so that I can learn more about the local culture.

2. If we (work) ______ together, we (be) ______ able to reduce the negative impact of tourism on the environment.

3. If we (allow) ______ more people to crowd the city centre, we (have) ______ to deal with environmental pollution in the future.

4. If we (have) ______ enough money, we (go) ______ on an ecotour to Finland. Instead, were staying in Viet Nam in the summer. 

3. Read the Learn this! box. Find all the past simple forms in the text in exercise 2. Match them with rules a-d in the Learn this! box.

(Đọc hộp Learn this!. Tìm tất cả các thể quá khứ trong bài đọc ở bài 2. Nối chúng với các quy tắc trong hộp.)

2. Complete the following sentences using the correct forms of the words in bold in 1.

(Hoàn thành các câu sau sử dụng dạng đúng của các từ in đậm ở bài 1.)

1. Joining the WTO has helped Viet Nam _________ its economic growth.

2. Viet Nam _________ foreign investors in various parts of the economy.

3. We _________ to use the donations effectively We have signed an agreement on this.

4. This environmental organisation _________ to protect local forests. It has a detailed plan to achieve this.

5. We need to improve the quality of goods and services so that they can _________ new markets.

2. Read the Learn this! box. Then find all the examples of the past continuous in the text in exercise 1.

(Đọc hộp Learn this! Sau đó tìm tất cả các ví dụ về thì quá khứ tiếp diễn trong đoạn trích trong bài 1.)

LEARN THIS! Past continuous (Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn)

a. We often use the past continuous to set the scene.

(Chúng ta thường dùng thì quá khứ tiếp diễn để dựng bối cảnh.)

It was snowing. Two men were walking towards the house. (Tuyết đang rơi, có hai người đàn ông đang tiến đến ngôi nhà.)

b. We use the past continuous to talk about an action that was in progress at a particular time. (Chúng ta sử dụng thì quá khứ tiếp diễn để nói về một hành động đang xảy ra tại một thời điểm nhất định trong quá khứ.)

At midnight, I was doing my homework. (Vào nửa đêm, tôi đang làm bài tập.)

c. When we use the past continuous with two or more actions, we do not need to repeat the subject (I, we, etc.) or was/were if the subject is the same. (Khi chúng ta dùng thì quá khứ tiếp diễn với hai hay nhiều hành động, chúng ta không cần lặp lại chủ ngữ hoặc động từ tobe nếu cùng một chủ ngữ.)

We were sitting on the sofa and eating pizza. (Chúng tôi đang ngồi trên ghế sofa và ăn pizza.)

2. Read the Learn this! box. Match sentences 1 - 6 from the extract in exercise 1 with rules a - c.

LEARN THIS! Contrast, past simple and past continuous

a. We use the past simple for a sequence of events in the past. The events happened one after another. (Chúng ta dùng thì quá khứ đơn cho một chuỗi sự kiện trong quá khứ. Sự việc này xảy ra rồi đến sự việc khác.)

We had lunch. Then we put on our coats and left. (Chúng tôi đã dùng bữa trưa. Sau đó chúng tôi khoác áo và rời đi.)

b. We use the past continuous to describe a scene in the past. The events were in progress at the same time. (Chúng ta dùng thì quá khứ tiếp diễn để mô tả một cảnh trong quá khứ. Những cảnh này đang diễn ra cùng một lúc.)

It was raining. People were wearing raincoats and carrying umbrellas. (Trời đang mưa. Mọi người thì đang mặc áo mưa và mang dù.)

c. We use the past simple and the past continuous together for a single event that interrupted a longer event in the past.

(Chúng ta dùng quá khứ đơn và quá khứ tiếp diễn cùng với nhau cho một hành động cắt ngang hành động dài hơn trong quá khứ.)

As I was getting dressed (longer event), my friend phoned (interruption). (Khi tôi đang mặc đồ (hành động dài), thì bạn tôi gọi (hành động xen ngang).)

6. SPEAKING Read the Learn this! box. Then work in pairs.

(Đọc hộp Learn this! Sau đó làm việc theo cặp)

Student A: Make a sentence using the past simple and the words below. Add your own ideas.

(Đặt câu dùng thì quá khứ đơn với các từ bên dưới. Thêm ý tưởng của bạn.)

Student B: React to the sentence using How + an -ing adjective.

(Phản ứng các câu nói dùng How + an + tính từ thêm -ing.)

1. I/ drop/ phone/ and it/ break

2. My dad/ dance/ my birthday party

3. My favourite football team/ lose/ the weekend

2. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct forms.

(Hoàn thành các câu sau bằng cách sử dụng nguyên mẫu có to hoặc nguyên mẫu của các động từ trong ngoặc.)

1. If tourists buy local products, more of their money (stay) ______ in the community.

2. If we lived in the countryside, we (grow) ______ our own vegetables.

3. If my grandmother (be) ______ still alive, she (be) ______ a hundred today.

4. If people (give) ______ up flying, they (reduce) ______ their carbon footprint.

2. Read the text and choose the best tittle for it.

(Đọc văn bản và chọn tiêu đề hay nhất.)

a. Environmental problems: What are they?

b. Environmental protection: How important is it?

c. Environmental solutions: How practical are they?

The environment we live in is facing many serious problems. We need to be aware of these problems so that we can find ways to protect nature.

A. Global warming is the rise in the average temperature of the earth's atmosphere. It is one of the biggest issues facing humans today. It can have serious consequences such as rising sea levels, polar ice melting, and extreme weather events like floods or heatwaves.

B. Another environmental problem is the cutting and clearing of natural forests. The loss of forests can have a negative impact on the environment. It can damage the natural habitats of many animals and put wildlife in danger. It can also destroy the natural soil and lead to climate change.

C. Air pollution is also a serious problem. It is mainly caused by waste gases that come out of vehicles, machines, or factories. When these harmful gases combine with the water in the air, they come down as rain or snow, which can damage all forms of life. In addition, this problem leads to global warming and climate change. It is also a major cause of respiratory diseases or even lung cancer.

D. Around the world, the number of endangered animals is rising. Many of them disappear because of pollution and climate change. In addition, humans illegally hunt and kill animals, and catch too many fish at once. This is upsetting the natural balance of ecosystems, which can be harmful to all living and non-living things.

3. Find all the -ed and -ing adjectives in the text in exercise 2. Complete the rules in the Learn this! box.

(Tìm tất cả các tính từ có đuôi -ed và -ing trong bài đọc bài 2. Hoàn thành các quy tắc trong hộp Learn this!)

LEARN THIS! -ed/ -ing adjectives

Many adjectives ending in (1) _____ describe how peoplefeel. Adjectives ending in (2) describe something whichmakes them feel that way. Pairs of-ed / -ing adjectiveslike these are formed from verbs, e.g. disappoint.

I'm disappointed. My exam result is disappointing.