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Xét một phân số trong tổng:
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k} + \sqrt{k + 1}}\)
Nhân cả tử và mẫu với \(\sqrt{k + 1} - \sqrt{k}\), ta được:
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k} + \sqrt{k + 1}} = \frac{\sqrt{k + 1} - \sqrt{k}}{\left(\right. \sqrt{k} + \sqrt{k + 1} \left.\right) \left(\right. \sqrt{k + 1} - \sqrt{k} \left.\right)} = \sqrt{k + 1} - \sqrt{k}\)
Vậy:
\(A=\left(\right.\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}\left.\right)+\left(\right.\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}\left.\right)+\cdots+\left(\right.\sqrt{n + 1}-\sqrt{n}\left.\right)\)
Cộng các hạng tử lại, ta thấy \(\sqrt{2}\) ở số hạng đầu bị trừ đi ở số hạng sau, \(\sqrt{3}\) cũng vậy,… chỉ còn:
\(A = \sqrt{n + 1} - \sqrt{1} = \sqrt{n + 1} - 1\)
Đáp số: \(\sqrt{n + 1} - 1\)
Tham khảo
ĐKXĐ: x∉{2;-1;-2}
Ta có: \(\frac{3}{x^2-x-2}+\frac{3}{x^2+3x+2}=\frac{3}{x^2+4}\)
=>\(\frac{1}{x^2-x-2}+\frac{1}{x^2+3x+2}=\frac{1}{x^2+4}\)
=>\(\frac{1}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+1\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)}=\frac{1}{x^2+4}\)
=>\(\frac{x+2+x-2}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x-2\right)}=\frac{1}{x^2+4}\)
=>\(\frac{2x}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x-2\right)}=\frac{1}{x^2+4}\)
=>\(2x\left(x^2+4\right)=\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2-4\right)\)
=>\(2x^3+8x=x^3-4x-x^2+4\)
=>\(x^3+x^2+12x-4=0\)
=>x≃0,32(nhận)
Bài 3:
a: \(\left(2x+1\right)\left(x^2+2\right)=0\)
mà \(x^2+2\ge2>0\forall x\)
nên 2x+1=0
=>2x=-1
=>\(x=-\frac12\)
b: \(\left(x^2+4\right)\left(7x-3\right)=0\)
mà \(x^2+4\ge4>0\forall x\)
nên 7x-3=0
=>7x=3
=>\(x=\frac37\)
c: \(\left(x^2+x+1\right)\left(6-2x\right)=0\)
mà \(x^2+x+1=x^2+x+\frac14+\frac34=\left(x+\frac12\right)^2+\frac34\ge\frac34>0\forall x\)
nên 6-2x=0
=>2x=6
=>x=3
d: \(\left(8x-4\right)\left(x^2+2x+2\right)=0\)
mà \(x^2+2x+2=x^2+2x+1+1=\left(x+1\right)^2+1\ge1>0\forall x\)
nên 8x-4=0
=>8x=4
=>\(x=\frac48=\frac12\)
Bài 4:
a: \(\left(x-2\right)\left(3x+5\right)=\left(2x-4\right)\left(x+1\right)\)
=>(x-2)(3x+5)=(x-2)(2x+2)
=>(x-2)(3x+5-2x-2)=0
=>(x-2)(x+3)=0
=>\(\left[\begin{array}{l}x-2=0\\ x+3=0\end{array}\right.\Rightarrow\left[\begin{array}{l}x=2\\ x=-3\end{array}\right.\)
b: \(\left(2x+5\right)\left(x-4\right)=\left(x-5\right)\left(4-x\right)\)
=>(2x+5)(x-4)-(x-5)(4-x)=0
=>(2x+5)(x-4)+(x-5)(x-4)=0
=>(x-4)(2x+5+x-5)=0
=>3x(x-4)=0
=>x(x-4)=0
=>\(\left[\begin{array}{l}x=0\\ x-4=0\end{array}\right.=>\left[\begin{array}{l}x=0\\ x=4\end{array}\right.\)
c: \(9x^2-1=\left(3x+1\right)\left(2x-3\right)\)
=>(3x+1)(3x-1)=(3x+1)(2x-3)
=>(3x+1)(3x-1)-(3x+1)(2x-3)=0
=>(3x+1)(3x-1-2x+3)=0
=>(3x+1)(x+2)=0
=>\(\left[\begin{array}{l}3x+1=0\\ x+2=0\end{array}\right.\Rightarrow\left[\begin{array}{l}x=-\frac13\\ x=-2\end{array}\right.\)
d: \(2\left(9x^2+6x+1\right)=\left(3x+1\right)\left(x-2\right)\)
=>\(2\left(3x+1\right)^2=\left(3x+1\right)\left(x-2\right)\)
=>\(\left(3x+1\right)\left(6x+2-x+2\right)=0\)
=>(3x+1)(5x+4)=0
=>\(\left[\begin{array}{l}3x+1=0\\ 5x+4=0\end{array}\right.\Rightarrow\left[\begin{array}{l}x=-\frac13\\ x=-\frac45\end{array}\right.\)
e: \(27x^2\left(x+3\right)-12\left(x^2+3x\right)=0\)
=>\(27x^2\left(x+3\right)-12x\left(x+3\right)=0\)
=>3x(x+3)(9x-4)=0
=>x(x+3)(9x-4)=0
=>\(\left[\begin{array}{l}x=0\\ x+3=0\\ 9x-4=0\end{array}\right.\Rightarrow\left[\begin{array}{l}x=0\\ x=-3\\ x=\frac49\end{array}\right.\)
f: \(16x^2-8x+1=4\left(x+3\right)\left(4x-1\right)\)
=>\(\left(4x-1\right)^2=\left(4x+12\right)\left(4x-1\right)\)
=>(4x+12)(4x-1)-\(\left(4x-1\right)^2=0\)
=>(4x-1)(4x+12-4x+1)=0
=>13(4x-1)=0
=>4x-1=0
=>4x=1
=>\(x=\frac14\)
\(A=\left(\dfrac{1}{x+2\sqrt{x}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}+2}\right):\dfrac{1-\sqrt{x}}{x+4\sqrt{x}+4}\left(x>0;x\ne1\right)\)
\(A=\left[\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}-\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}\right]:\dfrac{1-\sqrt{x}}{\left(\sqrt{x}\right)^2+2\cdot\sqrt{x}\cdot2+2^2}\)
\(A=\dfrac{1-\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}:\dfrac{1-\sqrt{x}}{\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)^2}\)
\(A=\dfrac{1-\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}\cdot\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)^2}{1-\sqrt{x}}\)
\(A=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)^2}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}\)
\(A=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+2}{\sqrt{x}}\)
Vậy: ...