READ THE PASSAGE AND THEN CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER .

Music is a very important part of our lives . Music is for dancing , drinking , eating , loving and thinking . Some sóng remind us of our childhood or youth . Others remind us of the people we love . Many important occasions , like weddings and funerals have special music . Every nations has a national song like the American " The Star - Spangled Banner" . In the U.S , high schools and colleges have school songs , too . Music is a part of the history of America . It expresses the problems and feelings of its people . When the years pass , the music grows and changes .

Modern science has also changed music . Inventions like records , radio , movies , electric instruments , tape recorders and video have changed the way we play and listen to music . They have helped to make music an important form of international communication .

American music , from the earliest folk songs to modern " pop " , is known around the world . Music is one of America 's most important exports . It brings the people of the world together . Even when people cannot understand the same language , they can share the same music . Many people learn and pratise English by singing songs . Understanding American music can help you understand American people , their history and culture .

1. What is true about " The Star - Spangled Banner " ?

A. It is played in weddings .

B . It is liked by every nation .

C . It is the U .S national songs .

D . It is one of the American school songs .

2 . According to the passage , music is changed thanks to the invention of the following except .................

A. videos

B . electric instruments

C . tape recorders

D. international communication

3 . What is the earliest form of music in America ?

A . School music

B . national music

C . folk music

D . pop music

4 . What can be the title for this article ?

A . An introduction to American music

B . The development of American music

C . The history of American music

D . The future of American music

People have come to settle in Britain for centuries from many parts of the world. Some came to avoid political or religious persecution, and others came to find a better way of life or an escape from poverty. The Irish has long made home in Britain. Many Jewish refugees started their new life in the country at the end of the nineteenth century. In 1930s and after the World War II a large number of people from other European countries came to live there. There also have been many people who came from some countries in Asia. According to the results of a recent survey the non-white population of Great Britain was about 2.4 million, 4.5% the total population. Only half of them were born in Britain. Most of the non-white refugees live in the poorest areas of the cities or in the coun­tryside, where they can only get the worst services and low living standards. All they have to suffer is due to racial discrimination. Although progress has undoubtedly made over the last twenty years in several areas, life is not really better to many non-white refugees. However, with their effort, many individuals have got success in their careers and in public life. The proportion of ethnic minority workers in professional and managerial jobs has increased.

Question: 1. What is the text about?

.....................................................................................................................................

Question: 2. How many non-white refugees live in Britain?

.....................................................................................................................................

Question: 3. What do most of the non-white refugees in Britain have to suffer?

.....................................................................................................................................

Question: 4. What does the word “individuals” refer to?

.....................................................................................................................................

II. Reading

Read the passage carefully and fill in each blank with the best option A,B,C or D

HOW TO IMPROVE ENGLISH SPEAKING SKILLS

Many students learn English grammar very well (11)_______cannot actually have a conversation with native speakers. Here are the few tips for improving English skills.

First of all, it is important to find native speakers to (12)_____with. Recording is also a great way to get the maximum benefit from a conversation with a native speaker. When you listen again, you can notice what you need to improve.

Another way is to watch movies or TV in English, with subtitles if you need them, and wacth the same programs over and over. (13)_______ people find that they understand more each time. Listening to music in English and singing (14)_______ can also help you a lot.

Reading out loud or talking to yourself is also a great way to practice speaking when there are no conversation partner available. Practicing alone is a low- pressure way to practice , since (15)________ will hear your mistakes.

(Adapted from http://effortleesenglishclub .com)

11. A. when B. but C. or D. so

12. A. practice B. practical C. practically D. practicality

13. A. Most the B. The most C. Most D. Almost

14. A. after B. along C. behind D. beside

15. anybody B. somebody C. everybody D. nobody

Read the passage below carefully and choose the best option A,B,C or D

The start of every New Year is when we make plan to change our life for the better over the fothcoming twelve months. Psychiatry professor Jayashri Kulkami says “ January 1^st is a “ magical” date and a vow made on this day is more powerful than one made on June 1^st, for example.” So, we make a list of things to quit, start or change. Unfortunately, most of these promises are, more often than not, broken by January 31^st. They are usually the identical resolutions that were not fulfilled from the previous year, and the years prior to that.

Researchers show 45 percent of us make a new year resolution. The most common vows include losing weight, volunteering to help others, quiting smoking, saving money, and getting fit. Others include eating healthier food, drinking less alcohol, and going on overseas trips. However, researches also show that most of us are not so goood at sticking to these. A study from the University of Scranton reveals that 71 percent stick to our annual promises for the first two weeks; six months later, less than 50 percent are still on track to keep their resolutions. Most people who give up on their resolutions do so because of a lack of willpower and the use of the “ escape clause” that they will “ try again next year”

(Adapted from http://www.buffpost.com)

16. What is the main idea of the passase?

A. People make a list of things to change on New Year’s Eve.

B. People have the willpower to change their life for the better.

C. People give up their resolutiions due to the llack of time.

D. People break their New Year’s resolutions years after years.

17. What does the word “ resolutions” in paragraph 1 mean?

A. promises B. secrets C. lists D. activities

18. What does the word “ these” in paragraph 2 refer to?

A. trips B. reseaches C. vows D. people

19. What does the word “ annual” in paragraph 2 mean?

A. daily B. weekly C. monthly D. yearly

20. According to paragraph 2, how many of us make a New Year’s resolutions?

A. Only a few of us B. About half of us C. Most of us D. All of us

21. According to paragraph 2, which of the following is NOT a popular Vow?

A. Breaking bad haits B. Becoming healthier

C. Keeping a resolution D. Travelling abroad

V. Complete the sentences with a verb from the box in the correct form.

1. Why didn’t you your bed this morning?

2. I can’t come out now. I’m the cleaning.

3. Could you the dishwasher and put the things away, please?

4. It’s not fair. I breakfast yesterday. Nam should it today.

5. Look at this bin! Please the rubbish out now.

6. Mum, I’ve my room. Can I go out now?

7. Phong, the table. It’s nearly dinnertime.

8. A: Where’s Dad?

B: He’s the car. He always the car on Sunday morning.

V. Fill the gaps with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

1. Ms Lan is not in the office today. She (work) at home today.

2. “Where (you/come) from?” “I’m Italian - from Rome.’

3. “(you/ speak) French” “Just a little.”

4. Don’t forget your umbrella. It (rain) again.

5. “Can you help me with the dinner?” “Not now. I (watch) TV.”

6. In Viet Nam, children (look) after their old parents.

7. “Hi! What (you/do) here” “I (wait) for a friend.”

8. Can I look at the newspaper now? (you/read) it?

9. Can I phone you back? We (have) dinner.

10. Mr Long (work) in an office every day, but now he (help) his wife to prepare dinner.

C. READING

I. Read the passage, and decide whether the following statements are true (T), false (F), or not given (NG).

Career of the Year

Fourteen-year-old Ed Bond from London is this year's winner of the Young Career of the Year Award.

When he’s not at school. Ed looks after his mother, who is disabled and in a wheelchair. He also looks after his ten-year-old sister. He helps to do the washing and the cooking. ‘Ed’s great,’ says his father. ‘I have to go to work at six in the morning, so Ed has to help his mother a lot. He doesn’t have to do the housework but he does it anyway. We worry because he doesn’t have much free time, but he doesn’t complain.’ ‘I want to help.’ says Ed, ‘and anyway I don’t have to do so much at weekends because my dad’s at home.’

T F NG

1. Ed helps to look after his mother.   

2. Ed’s mother can’t walk.   

3. Ed’s father is also ill.   

4. Ed is an only child.   

5. Ed does all the shopping for the family.   

II. Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question.

Family types vary in different countries and among different cultures. In Western, industrialized societies, the nuclear family ranks as the most common family type. It consists of a father, a mother and their children. But nuclear families exist together with many other types of family units. In the single-parent family, for example, a mother or a father heads the family alone. A blended family is formed when a divorced or widowed parent remarries. As divorce rates have risen, the number of single-parent and blended families has increased.

In many parts of the world, parents and children live together with other family members under the same roof. These complex families usually contain several generations of family members, including grandparents, parents and children. They may also include brothers or sisters and their families, uncles, aunts and cousins. Even when relatives do not live together, they still consider themselves members of the same extended family includes grandparents, uncles, aunts and cousins.

1. The nuclear family ranks as the most common family type .

A. an many industrialized countries B. in countries with nuclear weapons

C. that consists of more than two generations D. that leads to the divorce of parents

2. In the single-parent family, .

A. there are often no children

B. only one parent lives with his or her child or children

C. the number of blended children has increased

D. children live with their grandparents

3. Grandparents, parents and children are mentioned as .

A. the three typical generations of an extended family

B. three branches of a family tree

C. the closest and happiest relatives in family units

D. a complex combination

4. The second paragraph is about .

A. American culture B. relatives and family members

C. the relationship between family members D. the extended family

5. The word “blended” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to .

A. complex B. married C. mixed D. formed

III. Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question.

The American family unit is in the process of change. In the first half of the 20th century, there were mainly two types of families: the extended and the nuclear. An extended family includes mother, father, children and some other relatives, living in the same house. A nuclear family is composed of just parents and children livingunder the same roof.

As the American economy had progressed from agricultural to industrial one, people were forced to move to different parts of the country to get good jobs. These jobs were mainly in the large cities. Now, in fact, three-quarters of Americans live in urban areas which occupy 2.5% of the national total land mass. Of the 118 million in the labour force, only 3 million still work on the farm.

Since moving for better jobs has often divided the extended family, the nuclear family became more popular. At present, 55% of the families in the US are nuclear families. But besides the two types of traditional family groupings, the family is now being expanded to include a variety of other living arrangements because of divorce. There is an increase in single-parent families, in which a father or mother lives with one or more children. Divorce has also led to blended families, which occur when previously married men and women marry again and combine the children from former marriage into a new family. There are also some couples who do not want to have children to form two-person childless families.

1. A nuclear family is one that .

A. consists of father, mother, and children living in the same house

B. relatives live with

C. there are only grandparents, parents and their children living in

D. is bigger than extended family

2. The expression “under the same roof” means

A. a house with one roof B. a house with the roof the same as the wall

C. in the same building D. under the house

3. The nuclear family becomes more popular because of .

A. more divorces B. the division of the extended family

C. fewer jobs in big cities D. an increase in single-parent families

4. How many types of families have there been in the US since the first half of the 20th century?

A. Two B. Three C. Four D. Five

5. A blended family is a newly-formed family .

A. with the combination of children of the two previously married father and mother

B. that has only father or mother living with children

C. in which there are no children

D. that there is only one couple living in with their newborn children

IV. Read the passage carefully, and do the tasks that follow.

The Role of the Japanese Mother

The focus of the mother is her home and family, with particular attention to the rearing of children. While most Japanese believe that a woman's place is in the home, women make up almost 40 percent of the labor force. More than half of these women are married. Many mothers with small children work only part-time so they can be home when their children are not in school. The extra income earned by the mother is often used to meet the cost of their children's education.

Japanese mothers take the responsibility of their child's education and upbringing very seriously. They seldom confront their preschool children because they want to foster an intimate, dependent relationship. The purpose of this approach is to get the child to obey willingly with the mother’s wishes and to shape the child's behavior over a long period of time. The close nature of the mother-child relationship and the strong parentalcommitment help to provide a strong foundation for the child's entry into elementary school.

Mothers are involved directly in with the child's school. Each day a notebook is sent back and forth between mother and teacher remarking on the child's mood, behavior, health, and activities both in school and at home. Mothers attend PTA meetings usually twice a month and are involved with school committee's working on special projects such as gardening and hot lunch preparation. School is a very stressful and competitive process so the Japanese mother concentrates all her efforts on getting her children through so they can get accepted into the appropriate universities.

Task 1: Match a word in column A with its definition in column B, writing the answer in each blank.

Task 2: Read the passage, and then decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F).

T F

6. Most Japanese women are housewives.  

7. Taking care of children and bringing them up are of great importance to  

Japanese mothers.

8. Japanese mothers tend to be very strict to their children at home.  

9. Japanese mothers and teachers work together for the children's study  

progress and comfort at school.

10. The Japanese mother concentrates all her efforts on getting her children  

through, so the atmosphere at home is very stressful.

D. SPEAKING

Rearrange the sentences in order to make a meaningful conversation, writing the letter (A-H) in each blank.

1. ___ A. Nam: It’s not only for our mother's benefits but it also makes us more independent when we have grown up.

2. ___ B. Nam: Besides cleaning and cooking, my mother also does a lot of other things around the house although she goes to work.

3. ___ C. Nam: I agree with that saying. All of us take it for granted that our mother is responsible for doing all the housework.

4. ___ D. Nam: Besides the relationship, we enjoy a friendlier atmosphere in our home all the time when we attend to each other.

5. ___ E. Mai: So does my mother. My father, my brother and I try to share the burden so that my mother can follow her own interests.

6. ___ F. Mai: I’ve just read a saying about household chores, Nam. It’s “Housework is what a woman does that nobody notices unless she hasn't done it.”

7. ___ G. Mai: It’s very useful for our future life. And I think we will have better relationship when we share household chores with one another.

8. ___ H. Mai: Yeah, when we come home from school, our house is clean and tidy and lunch or dinner is ready for us to eat.

II) Put the correct word in the box to complete the sentences below

physical ; electronic; benefits; digital; motivate; personal; relative; technology; defining; applications; disruptive; mobile

1. The phrase "--------------natives" refers to people who are familiar with computers and the internet from an early age.

2. The internet will-------------students to study more effectively

3. Please don't ask him questions about his family. He hates answering-------------questions

4. Our students are very excited when they have opportunities to do----------------exercise

5. My son, who is a promising pianist, is now interested in composing--------------music

6. Many teacher have now understood the------------that mobile devices can bring

7. I'm looking for some new-----------to put on my smartphone to improve my English pronunciation

8. The ringing sound from mobile phones is------------and annoying in the classroom

9. People are now familiar with the term m-learning or----------------learning,which focuses on the use of personal electric devices

10. In the grammar part of this unit we study--------------clauses

11. That laptop, which has the latest------------------,is very expensive

12. Some of my classmates think that it is not easy to know which clause is----------------and which is non-defining

III) Use who, which, that or whose to complete each of the sentences

1. Vinh,-----------------is only two and a half, likes to play games on a tablet

2. My tablet,-------------is two years old, still works quite well

3. Personal electronic devices-------------distract students from their class work are banned in most schools

4. Students---------------have smartphones can use them to look up words in an electronic dictionary

5. Some scientists think that children-------------parents allow them to use electronic devices early will have more advantages in the future

6. The laptop-------------------cover is decorated with funny animals belongs to my aunt

Các bạn giúp mk vs, mk cần gấp ạ

I. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.

II. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of the primary stress in each of the following questions.

III. Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) SIMILAR in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

5. How many countries took part in the first World Cup?

A. interested

B. participated

C. competed

D. co. operated

IV. Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

6. Van Mieu was a place to memorialize the most brilliant scholars of the nation.

A. honor

B. keep in mind

C. learn by heart

D. gradually forget

V. Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

7. Mothers have long used folk songs to _______________ babies to sleep

A. delight

B. communicate

C. buzz

D. lull

8. To attract film viewers, a majority of film makers now tend to expose nude ________.

A. motions

B. parts

C. scenes

D. Events

9. Pélé is regarded _________ the greatest football player of all time

A. at

B. as

C. for

D. with

10. Hoi An is famous ________________ its old temples and pagodas.

A. in

B. for

C. at

D. with

11. "Would you mind helping me?" – "________."

A. No, a problem

B. Sure, no problem

C. No, I wouldn't

D. Yes, I would

12.The building in the middle of the town_______ now.

A. is being painted

B. being painted

C. is painting

D. be painted

13. It was not until ____________________ that she cooked the meal.

A. her father would come home

B. her father has come home

C. her father came home

D. her father comes home

14. The Palace hotel was __________than the Grosvenor.

A. expensive

B. more expensive

C. the most expensive

D. the more expensive

15. ______________ do you like to live – in the city or in the countryside?

A. How

B. When

C. What

D. Where

16. The children became....................... about the cartoon.

A. exciting

B. to excite

C. excited

D. excite

17. Peter has practiced playing the piano ________________ the piano contest next week.

A. in order enter

B. to entering

C. to enter

D. not to enter

18. Everyone knows what is happening to......earth but we just do not know how to stop it.

A. an

B. a

C. the

D. Φ

VI. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

Football is the most (19).........sport in Britain, particularly amongst men. It (20)..........by boys in most schools. Most towns have an amateur football team which plays in a minor league. Football is also the most popular (21).........sport in Britain. Many people go to see their favorite professional team (22).........at home, and some go away matches. Many more people watch football (23)...........television.

19. A. important B. famous C. difficult D. popular

20. A. plays B. was played C. is played D. played

21. A spectator B. viewer C. champion D. trophy

22. A kicking B. taking C. running D. playing

23. A in B.on C. over D. at

VII. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Country music is one of the most popular kinds of music in the United States today. Maybe, country music is very popular because it is about simple but strong human feelings and events like love, sadness, good times and bad times. It tells real life stories and sounds the way people really talk. As life becomes more complicated and difficult, it is good to hear about simple ordinary people.

Country music is sometimes called country-western music. It comes from two kinds of music. One is the traditional music of the people in the Appalachian Mountains in the eastern United States. The other is traditional, cowboy music from the American West. The singers usually play guitars or electric guitars when they sing.

Country music became very popular in the South. During World War II, thousands of people from the South moved to the Northeast and the Midwest to work in factories. They took their music with them. Soldiers from the rest of the country went to army camps in the South and learned to like country music there. Slowly, it became popular all over the United States.

24. Country music is very popular because _______________________.

A. it's about strong human feelings B. it's about events like love, sadness

C. it tells about good times, bad times D. all are correct

25. Country music is _______________________.

A. the traditional music of the people in the eastern United States

B. considered as the cowboy music from the American West

C. sometimes called country-western music

D. from two kinds of music which haven't been widely known

26. According to the passage, it's untrue to say that ____________________________.

A. Country music became very popular in the South

B. Factory workers took country music with them from the South

C. Country music was brought from the South by soldiers

D. Gradually, country music became popular all over the United States

27. The best title for the passage is _______________________________.

A. Country music B. Music in the United States

C. The Formation of Country Music D. The Benefits of Country Music

28. The singers usually play _________________________ when they sing.

A. drum and violins B. guitars or electric guitars

C. the music instruments D. guitars and piano

VII. Mark the letter A, B C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

29. Philip wasvery an noying at Joan's behavior.

A. was B. very C. annoying D. Joan's behavior

30. He wouldn't have begun to learn Russian if he knows the difficulties.

A. He B. to C. knows D. difficulties

31. It was not until last Sunday when I realized I had been wrong.

A. was B. until C. when D. had been

32. The film was most interesting than I had expected it to be.

A. The film B. most C. had expected D. to be

VIII. Supply the correct form of the word given in each of the following sentences (0.2pt/ sentence):

33. The most _________________ movie of the year is "Avatar". (EXCITE)

34. Being deaf and mute makes............. very difficult. (COMMUNICATE)

35. She's training very hard so as to participate in the _______________. (COMPETE)

IX. Complete the sentences with the correct form of tenses in brackets(0.2 pt/ sentence):

36. Recently, we (GIVE)............................a questionnaire of 100 sentences by our English teacher.

37. After she _____________ her homework, she went to bed. (DO)

38. Can you name some of the films you (SEE)________________?

X. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed before it. (0.4pt/sentence)

39. He doesn't have the money so he cannot afford to buy a new car

If ____________________________________________

40. I wasn't hungry, so I didn't feel like eating.

If I __________________________________________

41. The students studied carefully. They didn't want to fail in the exams

In order _______________________________________

42. Our English teacher has given us five midterm tests so far.

Five midterm tests_______________________________.

43. There were about 90 to 100 people at the concert last night.

______________________________________________?

44. The swimming pool didn't open until 10.45 a.m. yesterday.

It was__________________________________________

Bài 1:Use who,which,that or whose to complete each of the sentences:

1, Vinh,.......... is only two and a half, likes to play games on a tablet.

2, My tablet,.........is two years old, still wroks quiet well.

3, Personal electronic devices.........distract students from their class wrok are banned in most school.

4, Students...........have smartphones can ues them to look up words in an electronic dictionary.

5, Some scientists think that children...........parents allow them to use electronic dictionary early will have more advantages in the future.

6, The loptop..........cover is decorated with funny animals belongs to my aunt.

7, People.........work involves using a computer for most of the day may sufer from headaches.

8, Mr Xuan Truong,.........was my first teacher, received and award for teaching excellence.

9, That's Peter,..........father has just come back from the Philippines.

10, That media player,.......... I often use to practise English, has some great apps.

11, Thể house,.........my father built is big.

12, Thể woman..........you have just spoken to is my favourite English teacher

Giúp tớ với nhé

London's cycle hire scheme

A. London is a 'world city': one of the most important economic and financial hubs in the world. It has a population of around eight million people and contains hundreds of iconic buildings which are recognized over the world. London receives around 20 million visitors each year, a large proportion from overseas, who mingle with further millions of people who travel into the city from a wide area to work in the central area. It is frequently rated as providing the most satisfying 'cultural experience' for visitors to any city.

B. One of the challenges involved in managing (and living in) such a huge city is the abity to mo ve people efficiently around it, for the purposes of work and leisure, and at reasonable cost. The London blackberry cab is one responese to this problem. The much quoted result of million of daily vehicle fondements is a very low average speed for traffic on London's roads and frequent suggestion problems.

C. Many cities have taken steps to reduce the amount of traffic on the roads by adopting a range of measures which can broadly be described as either 'carrots' or 'sticks': those which eigher promote, or discourage certain activity. London has already been forced into trying a number of measures to reduce traffic congestion. There have included:

.Traffic management systems which included the world's first traffic light. It was installed outside the Houses of Parliament in 1868 to reduce congestion in this area.

.An underground system which was the first in the world. The first section opened in 1863, and the network is still developing. Since 2003, it has been managed by Transport for London. The classic London Tube map forms part of city's cultural heritage, and has been much copied and adapted elsewhere.

• The Cross Rail development: due to provide high frequency
rail services through two new tunnels under Central London from 2017.

• The congestion charging system – introduced in 2003, and extended in 2007 - charges many motorists (there are some exemptions) £10 to enter the central charging zone between 7am-6pm Monday to Friday.

• The Oyster card – an automated charging system which speeds up the use of public transport using a specially chipped card, which can be pre-charged with ‘credit’.

D. The latest solution is the Barclays London Cycle Hire Scheme. In 2010, London joined a growing list of cities that had turned to the bicycle for a possible solution to traffi c congestion. Cities like Amsterdam have long since been associated with bicycles. Other cities that already have cycle hire schemes include Paris, Copenhagen and Barcelona. In Paris, the system is known as the Velib scheme, a word which merges the word for bicycle with
freedom. It is funded by advertising. The London scheme was launched on the 30th July 2010 with an initial total of 5,000 bikes spread around 315 locations, with plans for further extensions. The bikes are fairly robust so that they can withstand the knocks of daily use. The are fitted with dyamo-powered LED lights, have three gears, achain guard and a bell. Each bike is also fitted with a Radio frequency Identification (RFID) chip, so that its location can be tracked. The bkes have puncture-proof tyres and are regularly checked over the mechanical faults.

E. It is hoped that people will experience London in a more direct way. Instead of descending into the earth, they will cycle the streets and thus gain “a different view” of London and improve their own mental maps of the city. They will also be getting exercise, which in an age of soaring obesity rates can only be a good thing, can’t it?
Enough reading, time for you to get out there and start pedalling!

Complete the summary below with ONE WORD from the passage

London, with a…………….of around eight million people and 20 visitors each year, has been facing the problem of reducing traffic…………… It has already been forced into finding a few……………. The Barclays London Cycle Hire System was……………in 2010 in the hope of providing a……………for the existing transport……………. The money that was necessary to have a scheme like this was sourced from…………..and allowed London to have 5000 bikes initially, but there are likely to be…………..to the scheme. The bikes have a tracking……………., are properly equipped and regularly…………..

Giúp tớ với nhé

London's cycle hire scheme

A. London is a 'world city': one of the most important economic and financial hubs in the world. It has a population of around eight million people and contains hundreds of iconic buildings which are recognized over the world. London receives around 20 million visitors each year, a large proportion from overseas, who mingle with further millions of people who travel into the city from a wide area to work in the central area. It is frequently rated as providing the most satisfying 'cultural experience' for visitors to any city.

B. One of the challenges involved in managing (and living in) such a huge city is the abity to mo ve people efficiently around it, for the purposes of work and leisure, and at reasonable cost. The London blackberry cab is one responese to this problem. The much quoted result of million of daily vehicle fondements is a very low average speed for traffic on London's roads and frequent suggestion problems.

C. Many cities have taken steps to reduce the amount of traffic on the roads by adopting a range of measures which can broadly be described as either 'carrots' or 'sticks': those which eigher promote, or discourage certain activity. London has already been forced into trying a number of measures to reduce traffic congestion. There have included:

.Traffic management systems which included the world's first traffic light. It was installed outside the Houses of Parliament in 1868 to reduce congestion in this area.

.An underground system which was the first in the world. The first section opened in 1863, and the network is still developing. Since 2003, it has been managed by Transport for London. The classic London Tube map forms part of city's cultural heritage, and has been much copied and adapted elsewhere.

• The Cross Rail development: due to provide high frequency
rail services through two new tunnels under Central London from 2017.

• The congestion charging system – introduced in 2003, and extended in 2007 - charges many motorists (there are some exemptions) £10 to enter the central charging zone between 7am-6pm Monday to Friday.

• The Oyster card – an automated charging system which speeds up the use of public transport using a specially chipped card, which can be pre-charged with ‘credit’.

D. The latest solution is the Barclays London Cycle Hire Scheme. In 2010, London joined a growing list of cities that had turned to the bicycle for a possible solution to traffi c congestion. Cities like Amsterdam have long since been associated with bicycles. Other cities that already have cycle hire schemes include Paris, Copenhagen and Barcelona. In Paris, the system is known as the Velib scheme, a word which merges the word for bicycle with
freedom. It is funded by advertising. The London scheme was launched on the 30th July 2010 with an initial total of 5,000 bikes spread around 315 locations, with plans for further extensions. The bikes are fairly robust so that they can withstand the knocks of daily use. The are fitted with dyamo-powered LED lights, have three gears, achain guard and a bell. Each bike is also fitted with a Radio frequency Identification (RFID) chip, so that its location can be tracked. The bkes have puncture-proof tyres and are regularly checked over the mechanical faults.

E. It is hoped that people will experience London in a more direct way. Instead of descending into the earth, they will cycle the streets and thus gain “a different view” of London and improve their own mental maps of the city. They will also be getting exercise, which in an age of soaring obesity rates can only be a good thing, can’t it?
Enough reading, time for you to get out there and start pedalling!

Complete the summary below with ONE WORD from the passage

London, with a…………….of around eight million people and 20 visitors each year, has been facing the problem of reducing traffic…………… It has already been forced into finding a few……………. The Barclays London Cycle Hire System was……………in 2010 in the hope of providing a……………for the existing transport……………. The money that was necessary to have a scheme like this was sourced from…………..and allowed London to have 5000 bikes initially, but there are likely to be…………..to the scheme. The bikes have a tracking……………., are properly equipped and regularly…………..