a)

\(\dfrac{x}{5}=\dfrac{y}{2}=\dfrac{3x-2y}{3.5-2.2}=\dfrac{-55}{11}=-5\)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-5.5=-25\\y=-5.2=-10\end{matrix}\right.\)

b)

\(\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{2}=\dfrac{2x+5y}{2.3+5.2}=\dfrac{48}{16}=3\)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3.3=9\\y=3.2=6\end{matrix}\right.\)

c)

Có: \(\dfrac{x}{y}=-\dfrac{5}{2}\Leftrightarrow-\dfrac{x}{5}=\dfrac{y}{2}=\dfrac{x+y}{-5+2}=\dfrac{30}{-3}=-10\)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-10.-5=50\\y=-10.2=-20\end{matrix}\right.\)

d)

Có: \(\dfrac{x}{y}=\dfrac{4}{3}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{4}=\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{2x+3y}{2.4+3.3}=\dfrac{34}{17}=2\)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2.4=8\\y=2.3=6\end{matrix}\right.\)

1: x:y:z=3:5:(-2)

=>\(\frac{x}{3}=\frac{y}{5}=\frac{z}{-2}\)

mà 5x-y+3z=-16

nên Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:

\(\frac{x}{3}=\frac{y}{5}=\frac{z}{-2}=\frac{5x-y+3z}{5\cdot3-5+3\cdot\left(-2\right)}=\frac{-16}{15-5-6}=\frac{-16}{10-6}=\frac{-16}{4}=-4\)

=>\(\begin{cases}x=-4\cdot3=-12\\ y=-4\cdot5=-20\\ z=\left(-4\right)\cdot\left(-2\right)=8\end{cases}\)

2: \(\frac{x}{2}=\frac{y}{-3}\)

=>\(\frac{x}{-2}=\frac{y}{3}\)

=>\(\frac{x}{-8}=\frac{y}{12}\) (1)

\(\frac{y}{4}=\frac{z}{3}\)

=>\(\frac{y}{12}=\frac{z}{9}\) (2)

Từ (1),(2) suy ra \(\frac{x}{-8}=\frac{y}{12}=\frac{z}{9}\)

mà x+y+z=5,2

nên Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:

\(\frac{x}{-8}=\frac{y}{12}=\frac{z}{9}=\frac{x+y+z}{-8+12+9}=\frac{5.2}{13}=0,4\)

=>\(\begin{cases}x=-8\cdot0,4=-3,2\\ y=12\cdot0,4=4,8\\ z=9\cdot0,4=3,6\end{cases}\)

3: 2x=3y

=>\(\frac{x}{3}=\frac{y}{2}\)

=>\(\frac{x}{21}=\frac{y}{14}\)

7z=5y

=>\(\frac{z}{5}=\frac{y}{7}\)

=>\(\frac{y}{14}=\frac{z}{10}\)

=>\(\frac{x}{21}=\frac{y}{14}=\frac{z}{10}\)

mà 3x-7y+5z=30

nên Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:

\(\frac{x}{21}=\frac{y}{14}=\frac{z}{10}=\frac{3x-7y+5z}{3\cdot21-7\cdot14+5\cdot10}=\frac{30}{63-98+50}=\frac{30}{63-48}=\frac{30}{15}=2\)

=>\(\begin{cases}x=2\cdot21=42\\ y=2\cdot14=28\\ z=2\cdot10=20\end{cases}\)

4: 3x=4y=5z

=>\(\frac{3x}{60}=\frac{4y}{60}=\frac{5z}{60}\)

=>\(\frac{x}{20}=\frac{y}{15}=\frac{z}{12}\)

mà x-(y+z)=-21

nên Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:

\(\frac{x}{20}=\frac{y}{15}=\frac{z}{12}=\frac{x-\left(y+z\right)}{20-\left(15+12\right)}=\frac{-21}{20-\left(27\right)}=\frac{-21}{-7}=3\)

=>\(\begin{cases}x=3\cdot20=60\\ y=3\cdot15=45\\ z=3\cdot12=36\end{cases}\)

5: Đặt \(\frac{x-1}{2}=\frac{y-2}{3}=\frac{z-3}{4}=k\)

=>\(\begin{cases}x-1=2k\\ y-2=3k\\ z-3=4k\end{cases}\Rightarrow\begin{cases}x=2k+1\\ y=3k+2\\ z=4k+3\end{cases}\)

2x+3y-z=50

=>2(2k+1)+3(3k+2)-(4k+3)=50

=>4k+2+9k+6-4k-3=50

=>9k+5=50

=>9k=45

=>k=5

=>\(\begin{cases}x=2\cdot5+1=11\\ y=3\cdot5+2=15+2=17\\ z=4\cdot5+3=20+3=23\end{cases}\)

Áp dụng t/c dãy tỉ số bằng nhau:

a.

\(\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{5}=\dfrac{2x}{6}=\dfrac{4y}{20}=\dfrac{2x+4y}{6+20}=\dfrac{28}{26}=\dfrac{14}{13}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3.\dfrac{14}{13}=\dfrac{52}{13}\\y=5.\dfrac{14}{13}=\dfrac{70}{13}\end{matrix}\right.\)

(Em có nhầm đề 26 thành 28 ko nhỉ, số xấu quá)

b.

\(4x=5y\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{5}=\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{3x}{15}=\dfrac{-2y}{-8}=\dfrac{3x-2y}{15-8}=\dfrac{35}{7}=5\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=5.5=25\\y=4.2=20\end{matrix}\right.\)

c.

\(\dfrac{x}{-3}=\dfrac{y}{-7}=\dfrac{2x}{-6}=\dfrac{4y}{-28}=\dfrac{2x+4y}{-6-28}=\dfrac{68}{-34}=-2\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-3.\left(-2\right)=6\\y=-7.\left(-2\right)=14\end{matrix}\right.\)

d.

\(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{-3}=\dfrac{z}{4}=\dfrac{4x}{8}=\dfrac{-3y}{9}=\dfrac{-2z}{-8}=\dfrac{4x-3y-2z}{8+9-8}=\dfrac{16}{9}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2.\dfrac{16}{9}=\dfrac{32}{9}\\y=-3.\dfrac{16}{9}=-\dfrac{48}{9}\\z=4.\dfrac{16}{9}=\dfrac{64}{9}\end{matrix}\right.\)

1) \(\left(x+1\right)^2-16y^2\)

\(=\left(x+1\right)^2-\left(4y\right)^2\)

\(=\left(x+1-4y\right).\left(x+1+4y\right)\)

2) \(2x^2-8\)

\(=\left[\left(\sqrt{2x}\right)^2\right]^2-\left(\sqrt{8}\right)^2\)

\(=\left[\left(\sqrt{2x}\right)^2-\sqrt{8}\right].\left[\left(\sqrt{2x}\right)^2+\sqrt{8}\right]\)

6) \(x^2+1-y^2+2x\)

\(=x^2+2x+1-y^2\)

\(=\left(x^2+2x+1\right)-y^2\)

\(=\left(x+1\right)^2-y^2\)

\(=\left(x+1-y\right).\left(x+1+y\right)\)

Chúc bạn học tốt!

3/ 3x^2 - 5x - 3y^2 + 5y

= ( 3x\(^2\) - 3y\(^2\) ) - (5x - 5y ) = 3 ( x\(^2\) - y\(^2\) ) - 5 ( x - y )= 3 ( x - y ) ( x + y ) - 5 ( x - y )

= ( x - y ) ( 3x + 3y - 5 )