Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word (s) in each of the following questions.

All classifications of human societies and cultures are arbitrary.

VOCABULARY PLUS - Use a dictionary to check the meaning of the words in blue in the text.

                                                  The food of the future

                                       INSECTS - The superfood of the future

There are a lot of hungry people in the world, so how do we deal with it? In the next thirty years, we'll need to provide enough protein for billions more mouths, and with all these extra people there will be even less space for farming. One solution is for us to eat insects. They are a great source of protein and they don't need as much space or water as farm animals.

So why don't we eat insects regularly? The fact is that many people in Asia, Africa and South America already do. The problem is that Europeans and North Americans don't want to. Some governments are now trying to convince them why it is a good idea. The Nordic Food Lab in Copenhagen, for example, developed the 'Insect Deliciousness' project. Its chefs have been to five continents to discover an incredible world of insect flavour. In Australia, they tasted honey ants. They ate fried caterpillars in Tanzania, and in Mexico, they enjoyed desert-ant eggs. Will they and other similar organisations persuade Europeans and Americans to take a bite from a caterpillar or an ant? What's your view? How many people will eat insects in the future? How much food made with insects will you eat?

VOCABULARY Match 1-14 in the photo with parts of the body from the list below. Check the meaning of all the words in the list.

Parts of the body

VOCABULARY PLUS. Use a dictionary to check the meaning of the phrases in blue in the text.

                                               Rachel Ridley

Follow the dream

Hey! Do you dream of exotic places? Of trips to distant deserts and mountains? Do you dream of adventure? Well, Liz Clark has been living that dream, and I've been following her inspirational blog.

After finishing university, Liz learned to sail as one of her old professors offered to lend her his yacht for as long as she wanted it.

In October 2005, she set off on her journey. Liz found it hard to leave behind her friends and family, but she's been travelling to many fascinating places for over fifteen years. Among other countries, she has stopped off in Mexico, Costa Rica, Panama and the Galapagos Islands.

When she stops somewhere, she surfs, does yoga and writes her blog. Adverts on Liz's blog have been paying for her trip. There are beautiful beaches, crystal clear water and perfect surf in her photos.

But life on the ocean can also be difficult. ‘It feels so great to inspire others to live their dreams,' says Liz, ‘I've worked hard and it hasn't always been easy or fun.’

She also gets very lonely, but she keeps going. She's looking for some company on the boat to stay with her as she carries on her journey around the world. Liz, I think I'll join you! Does anyone else want some adventure?

VOCABULARY PLUS - Use a dictionary to check the meaning of the words in blue in the text.

CRAZY CRAZES

An interview with Miley Jones, an expert on the history of crazes.

HOW DO CRAZES START?

Well, crazes generally start in the playground when we're young. We see someone doing something fun and obviously we want to join them.

WHAT WAS THE STRANGEST CRAZE?

Pole-sitting, probably. In 1924, Alvin Kelly sat on a pole for thirteen hours. Amazingly, it became popular, and people used to watch the best pole-sitters. The record was twenty-one days.

HOW DO CURRENT CRAZES DIFFER FROM PAST CRAZES?

Things like toys and card-collecting used to be popular. Now crazes often start online, when people see and copy funny ideas for photos or videos on social media.

IS THAT HOW CRAZES BECOME SO POPULAR QUICKLY?

Absolutely! Things can quickly become a craze. Before, people didn't use to have smartphones, but now we can post online games scores or photos immediately.

WHAT'S YOUR FAVOURITE CRAZE?

Pet rocks. In the 1970s, Gary Dahl started selling a pet rock in a special box with instructions.

DID PEOPLE REALLY USE TO BUY PET ROCKS?

Yes, they did. Apparently, he sold millions of them. No one really knows what the next craze will be.

VOCABULARY PLUS. Use a dictionary to check the meaning of the nouns in blue in the text. What is the verb form of each one?

CHANGING THE WORLD WITH KINDNESS

Sometimes a spontaneous act of kindness can change another person’s life. Read about these incredible people and their actions that helped to make the world a better place for someone else.

IN BRITAIN

Life can't be easy for musician Daniel Black. After a cycling accident in 2009, the doctors told him that he couldn’t walk or play the guitar. He had saved £22,000 for his intended expensive surgery when he heard about a young boy who also needed surgery to allow him to walk. Daniel told the boy's family that he would donate all his money to the boy’s surgery. The little boy was then able to walk again.

IN THE US

Glen James, an unemployed and homeless office worker, did something both honest and kind. The police said that he decided to return a bag with $ 42,000 in it to the owner. A man called Ethan Whittington read about Glen and started a campaign to collect money forhim. Ethan said that anamazing 160,000 was raised and Glen's life hasn't been the same since.

IN VIET NAM

In March 2020, Hoang Tuan Anh, a Vietnamese entrepreneur in Ho Chi Minh City invented a 24/7 automatic dispensing machine providing free rice for the poor during the Covid 19 lockdown. The machine distributed a 1.5 kg (3.3lb) bagful of rice from a small silo. The team said that people in need still had access to food and resources during the pandemic.

These stories may persuade you that when you spread a little kindness, there may not be a personal benefit, but you could encourage people to be kind to you, too.