1)

a) 2x + 5 = 3⁴ : 3²

2x + 5 = 3²

2x + 5 = 9

2x = 9 - 5

2x = 4

x = 4 : 2

x = 2

b) (3x - 24).73 = 2.74

(3x - 24).73 = 148

3x - 24 = 148/73

3x = 148/73 + 24

3x = 1900/73

x = 1900/73 : 3

x = 1900/219

c) [3.(42 - x)] + 15 = 23.3

126 - 3x + 15 = 69

141 - 3x = 69

3x = 141 - 69

3x = 72

x = 72 : 3

x = 24

d) 126 + (132 - x) = 300

132 - x = 300 - 126

132 - x = 174

x = 132 - 174

x = -42

2)

a) 120 - (x + 55) = 60

x + 55 = 120 - 60

x + 155 = 60

x = 60 - 55

x = 5

b) (7x - 11).3 = 25.52 + 200

(7x - 11).3 = 1500

7x - 11 = 1500 : 3

7x - 11 = 500

7x = 500 + 11

7x = 511

x = 511 : 7

x = 73

c) 2x + 2x + 4 = 544

4x = 544 - 4

4x = 540

x = 540 : 4

x = 135

`@` `\text {Ans}`

`\downarrow`

`a,`

`5.125.25 \div 5^6`

`=`\(5\cdot5^3\cdot5^2\div5^6\)

`=`\(5^{1+3+2-6}=5^{6-6}=5^0=1\) 

`b,`

\(2^{14}\div\left(2^6\cdot32\right)\)

`=`\(2^{14}\div\left(2^6\cdot2^5\right)\)

`=`\(2^{14}\div2^{11}=2^3\)

`c,`

`3.3^5\div 27`

`=`\(3\cdot3^5\div3^3\)

`=`\(3^{1+5-3}\)

`=`\(3^3\) 

`d,`

\(2^{15}\div\left(2^6\cdot32\right)=2^{15}\div\left(2^6\cdot2^5\right)=2^{15}\div2^{11}=2^4\)

`e,`

\(3^2\cdot27\div81=3^2\cdot3^3\div3^4=3\)

`g,`

\(100\cdot1000\cdot10000-10^9=10^2\cdot10^3\cdot10^4-10^9\)

`=`\(10^9-10^9=0\)

`h,`

\(125^4\div5^9=\left(5^3\right)^4\div5^9=5^{12}\div5^9=5^3\)

a) 1

b) 8

c) 27

d) 16

e) 3

g) 0

h) 125

a)(x + 4) - 32 = 23

   x + 4 = 23 + 32 = 55

   x = 55 - 4 = 51

b) 150 - 3x = 60 

    3x = 150 - 60 = 90 

    x = 90 : 3 = 30

c) 7x + 2x - 10 = 80 

    9x = 80 + 10 = 90

    x = 90 : 9 = 10

d) 300 - 2(x - 3) = 100

    2x - 2 * 3 = 300 - 100 = 200

    2x - 6 = 200

    2x = 200 + 6 = 206

    x = 206 : 2 = 103

a,  70 - 5 ( x - 3 ) = 45

⇔ 5 . x - 3 = 70 - 45

⇔ 5 x - 3 = 35

⇔ x - 3 = 35 : 5 ⇔ x - 3 = 7

⇔ x = 10

b,  10 + 2 x = 4 5 : 4 3

⇔ 10 + 2 x = 4 2 ⇔ 10 + 2 x = 16

⇔ 2 x = 4 ⇔ x = 2

c,  60 - 3 x - 2 = 51

⇔ 3 x - 2 = 60 - 51

⇔ 3 x - 2 = 9

⇔ x - 2 = 3 ⇔ x = 5

d,  4 x - 20 = 2 5 : 2 3

⇔ 4 x - 20 = 2 2 ⇔ 4 x - 20 = 4

⇔ 4 x = 24 ⇔ x = 6

a. ( 3x - 4 ) . 2³ = 64

( 3x - 4 ) . 2 = 4

3x - 4 = 2 

3x = 6

x= 2 

b. 2^x = 32

2^x = 2⁵

x = 5

a, => (3x-4).2³=4³

=>(3x-4)=2³

=> 3x= 8-4

=> 3x =4

=> 3/4

a) x = 10 3               b) x = - 31 12

c) x = 7 5                 d)  x = 4

a: \(280-\left(x-140\right):35=270\)

=>(x-140):35=280-270=10

=>x-140=350

=>x=350+140

=>x=490

b: \(\left(190-2x\right):35-32=16\)

=>\(\left(190-2x\right):35=32+16=48\)

=>\(190-2x=35\cdot48=1680\)

=>2x=190-1680=-1490

=>x=-745

c: \(720:\left\lbrack41-\left(2x-5\right)\right\rbrack=2^3\cdot5\)

=>\(720:\left\lbrack41-\left(2x-5\right)\right\rbrack=8\cdot5=40\)

=>41-(2x-5)=720:40=18

=>2x-5=41-18=23

=>2x=28

=>x=14

d: \(\left(x:23+45\right)\cdot37-22=2^4\cdot105\)

=>\(\left(\frac{x}{23}+45\right)\cdot37=16\cdot105+22=1702\)

=>\(\frac{x}{23}+45=46\)

=>\(\frac{x}{23}=1\)

=>x=23

e: \(\left(3x-4\right)\left(x-1\right)^3=0\)

=>\(\left[\begin{array}{l}3x-4=0\\ x-1=0\end{array}\right.\Rightarrow\left[\begin{array}{l}x=\frac43\\ x=1\end{array}\right.\)

f: \(2^{2x-1}:4=8^3\)

=>\(2^{2x-1-2}=2^9\)

=>2x-3=9

=>2x=12

=>x=6

g: \(x^{17}=x\)

=>\(x^{17}-x=0\)

=>\(x\left(x^{16}-1\right)=0\)

=>\(\left[\begin{array}{l}x=0\\ x^{16}-1=0\end{array}\right.\Rightarrow\left[\begin{array}{l}x=0\\ x^{16}=1\end{array}\right.\Rightarrow\left[\begin{array}{l}x=0\\ x=1\\ x=-1\end{array}\right.\)

h: \(\left(x-5\right)^4=\left(x-5\right)^6\)

=>\(\left(x-5\right)^6-\left(x-5\right)^4=0\)

=>\(\left(x-5\right)^4\cdot\left\lbrack\left(x-5\right)^2-1\right\rbrack=0\)

=>\(\left(x-5\right)^4\cdot\left(x-4\right)\left(x-6\right)=0\)

=>x∈{4;5;6}

i: \(\left(x+2\right)^5=2^{10}\)

=>\(\left(x+2\right)^5=\left(2^2\right)^5=4^5\)

=>x+2=4

=>x=2

k: 1+2+3+...+x=78

=>\(\frac{x\left(x+1\right)}{2}=78\)

=>x(x+1)=156

=>\(x^2+x-156=0\)

=>(x+13)(x-12)=0

=>x=-13(loại) hoặc x=12(nhận)

l: \(\left(3x-2^4\right)\cdot7^3=2\cdot7^4\)

=>\(3x-16=2\cdot\frac{7^4}{7^3}=2\cdot7=14\)

=>3x=16+14=30

=>\(x=\frac{30}{3}=10\)

n: \(5^{x}:5^2=125\)

=>\(5^{x-2}=5^3\)

=>x-2=3

=>x=5

m: \(\left(x+1\right)^2=\left(x+1\right)^0\)

=>\(\left(x+1\right)^2=1\)

=>\(\left[\begin{array}{l}x+1=1\\ x+1=-1\end{array}\right.\Rightarrow\left[\begin{array}{l}x=0\\ x=-2\end{array}\right.\)

o: Số số hạng của dãy số 2;4;..;52 là:

(52-2):2+1=50:2+1=25+1=26(số)

Tổng của dãy số 2;4;...;52 là:

\(\left(52+2\right)\cdot\frac{26}{2}=54\cdot13=702\)

(2+x)+(4+x)+...+(52+x)=780

=>26x+702=780

=>26x=78

=>x=3

p: \(70=2\cdot5\cdot7;80=2^4\cdot5\)

=>ƯCLN(70;80)=\(2\cdot5=10\)

70⋮x; 80⋮x

=>x∈ƯC(70;80)

=>x∈Ư(10)

mà x>8

nên x=10

q: \(12=2^2\cdot3;25=5^2;30=2\cdot3\cdot5\)

=>BCNN(12;25;30)=\(2^2\cdot3\cdot5^2=300\)

x⋮12; x⋮25; x⋮30

=>x∈BC(12;25;30)

=>x∈B(300)

mà 0<x<500

nên x=300

a)19 - (x + 2³)=2⁴- 6

   19 - (x + 2³) = 16 - 6 

    19 - (x + 2³) = 10

     (x + 2³) = 19 - 10

      x + 2³= 9

      x + 2³ = 3³

      ^{x + 2 = 3}

      ^{x= 3-2}

       ^{x= 1}

x=1

x=-1