Bài 5.

1. Chứng minh

$\dfrac{2}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}$

Ta có:

$\dfrac{2}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{4}{a+b}$

$=\dfrac{2b(a+b)+a(a+b)-4ab}{ab(a+b)}$

$=\dfrac{a^2-ab+2b^2}{ab(a+b)}$

$=\dfrac{(a-b)^2+b^2}{ab(a+b)}\ge0$

Vậy: $\boxed{\dfrac{2}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}}$

2. Chứng minh

$\dfrac1a+\dfrac1b+\dfrac1c\ge\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}$

Vì $a,b,c>0$ nên:

$\dfrac1a+\dfrac1b+\dfrac1c>\dfrac1a$

Mà: $\dfrac1a>\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}$

Suy ra: $\boxed{\dfrac1a+\dfrac1b+\dfrac1c\ge\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}}$

1.

$a^3+b^4-ab(a+b)$

$=a^3+b^4-a^2b-ab^2$

$=a^2(a-b)+b^2(b-a)$

$=(a-b)(a^2-b^2)$

$=(a-b)^2(a+b)\ge0$

Suy ra: $\boxed{a^3+b^4\ge ab(a+b)}$

2.

$a^4+b^4-ab(a^2+b^2)$

$=a^4+b^4-a^3b-ab^3$

$=a^3(a-b)+b^3(b-a)$

$=(a-b)(a^3-b^3)$

$=(a-b)^2(a^2+ab+b^2)\ge0$

Vậy: $\boxed{a^4+b^4\ge ab(a^2+b^2)}$

3.

$a^5+b^5-ab(a^3+b^3)$

$=a^5+b^5-a^4b-ab^4$

$=a^4(a-b)+b^4(b-a)$

$=(a-b)(a^4-b^4)$

$=(a-b)^2(a+b)(a^2+b^2)\ge0$

Vậy: $\boxed{a^5+b^5\ge ab(a^3+b^3)}$

1.

\(\left(1+a\right)^2=\left(1.1+\sqrt{\frac{a}{b}}.\sqrt{ab}\right)^2\le\left(1+\frac{a}{b}\right)\left(1+ab\right)=\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(1+ab\right)}{b}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\left(1+a\right)^2}\ge\frac{b}{\left(a+b\right)\left(1+ab\right)}\)

\(\left(1+b\right)^2\le\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(1+ab\right)}{a}\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\left(1+b\right)^2}\ge\frac{a}{\left(a+b\right)\left(1+ab\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\left(1+a\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(1+b\right)^2}\ge\frac{a}{\left(a+b\right)\left(1+ab\right)}+\frac{b}{\left(a+b\right)\left(1+ab\right)}=\frac{1}{1+ab}=\frac{1}{2}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=1\)

2.

\(P=\sqrt{\frac{a^2}{a^4+3}}+\sqrt{\frac{b^2}{b^4+3}}\le\sqrt{2\left(\frac{a^2}{a^4+3}+\frac{b^2}{b^4+3}\right)}\)

Đặt \(\left(a^2;b^2\right)=\left(x;y\right)\Rightarrow xy=1\)

\(Q=\frac{x}{x^2+3}+\frac{y}{y^2+3}=\frac{x}{x^2+3}+\frac{x}{3x^2+1}-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}\)

\(Q=\frac{-\left(x-1\right)^2\left(3x^2-2x+3\right)}{2\left(x^2+3\right)\left(3x^2+1\right)}+\frac{1}{2}\le\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow P\le\sqrt{2Q}\le1\)

\(P_{max}=1\) khi \(a=b=1\)

a)\(\frac{a}{b}\)<\(\frac{a+c}{b+c}\)<=>a(b+c)<b(a+c)<=>ab+ac<ac+bc<=>ac<bc<=>a<b(đúng theo giả thiết)

Vậy:\(\frac{a}{b}\)<\(\frac{a+c}{b+c}\)

b) (a+b)(\(\frac{1}{a}\)+\(\frac{1}{b}\))=\(\frac{a+b}{a}\)+\(\frac{a+b}{b}\)=1+\(\frac{b}{a}\)+1+\(\frac{a}{b}\)

Giả sử a<b, ta đặt b=a+k(k>0)

Khi đó (a+b)(\(\frac{1}{a}\)+\(\frac{1}{b}\))=2+\(\frac{a+k}{a}\)+\(\frac{a}{b}\)=3+\(\frac{k}{a}\)+\(\frac{a}{b}\)=3+\(\frac{bk+a^2}{ab}\)=3+\(\frac{ak+k^2+a^2}{ab}\)=3+\(\frac{a\left(a+k\right)+k^2}{ab}\)=3+\(\frac{ab+k^2}{ab}\)=4+\(\frac{k^2}{ab}\)\(\ge\)4(đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi a=b)

Chứng minh tương tự với a>b

cm cái j v bn ? 

\(\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\left(a+b\right)=2+\frac{a^2+b^2}{ab}\ge4\)

\(\frac{a^2+b^2}{ab}\ge2\)

\(a^2+b^2\ge2ab\) (điều này đúng nên BĐT đúng)

Ta có \(\left(a-b\right)^2=a^2-2ab+b^2\Rightarrow a^2+b^2=2ab\Rightarrow\frac{a^2+b^2}{ab}=2\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}=2\)

Lại có:\(\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\left(a+b\right)=\frac{a}{a}+\frac{b}{a}+\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{b}=2+2=4\)

Ta cần chứng minh BĐT phụ sau là : Với x,y>0 thì \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge\frac{4}{x+y}\Leftrightarrow y\left(x+y\right)+x\left(x+y\right)\ge4xy\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng )

dấu = xảy ra <=> x=y

Áp dụng BĐT phụ đó , ta có \(\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}\ge\frac{4}{a+b+2}=\frac{4}{3}\)

dấu = xảy ra <=>a=b=1/2

\(\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}=\frac{b+1+a+1}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)}=\frac{1+1+1}{ab+a+b+1}=\frac{3}{ab+1+1}\)

\(=\frac{3}{a\left(1-a\right)+2}=\frac{3}{a-a^2+2}=\frac{3}{-\left(a^2-a+\frac{1}{4}\right)+\frac{9}{4}}=\frac{3}{-\left(a-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{9}{4}}\)

\(\ge\frac{3}{\frac{9}{4}}=\frac{4}{3}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)