Đặt vế trái là P

\(P=\dfrac{1.c+ab}{a+b}+\dfrac{1.a+bc}{b+c}+\dfrac{1.b+ac}{a+c}=\dfrac{c\left(a+b+c\right)+ab}{a+b}+\dfrac{a\left(a+b+c\right)+bc}{b+c}+\dfrac{b\left(a+b+c\right)+ac}{a+c}\)

\(P=\dfrac{ac+c^2+bc+ab}{a+b}+\dfrac{a^2+ac+ab+bc}{b+c}+\dfrac{ab+ac+b^2+bc}{a+c}\)

\(P=\dfrac{c\left(a+c\right)+b\left(a+c\right)}{a+b}+\dfrac{a\left(a+c\right)+b\left(a+c\right)}{b+c}+\dfrac{a\left(b+c\right)+b\left(b+c\right)}{a+c}\)

\(P=\dfrac{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+b}+\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{b+c}+\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+c}\)

Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si:

\(\dfrac{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+b}+\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{b+c}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}=2\left(a+c\right)\) (1)

 Tương tự: \(\dfrac{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+b}+\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+c}\ge2\left(b+c\right)\) (2)

\(\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{b+c}+\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+c}\ge2\left(a+b\right)\) (3)

Cộng vế với vế (1);(2);(3):

\(2.\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{b+c}+2.\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+c}+2.\dfrac{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+b}\ge2\left(a+b\right)+2\left(b+c\right)+2\left(c+a\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{b+c}+\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+c}+\dfrac{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+c}\ge2\left(a+b+c\right)=2\) (đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)

Áp dụng BĐT Svac - xơ:

\(\frac{1}{a^2+2ab}+\frac{1}{b^2+2ac}+\frac{1}{c^2+2ab}\)\(=\frac{1^2}{a^2+2ab}+\frac{1^2}{b^2+2ac}+\frac{1^2}{c^2+2ab}\)

\(\ge\frac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\frac{9}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\ge9\)(Vì \(a+b+c\le1\))

(Dấu "="\(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\))

Do \(a+b+c=1\)  nên :

\(VT=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{c\left(a+b+c\right)+ab}}+\sqrt{\frac{bc}{a\left(a+b+c\right)+bc}}+\sqrt{\frac{ca}{b\left(a+b+c\right)+ac}}\)

\(=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{ca}{\left(b+c\right)\left(b+a\right)}}\)

Áp dụng BĐT AM - GM :
\(\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{c+a}+\frac{b}{c+b}\right)\)

\(\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{c+a}\right)\)

\(\sqrt{\frac{ca}{\left(b+c\right)\left(b+a\right)}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{a}{b+a}\right)\)

Cộng theo vế :
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a+b}{a+b}+\frac{b+c}{b+c}+\frac{c+a}{c+a}\right)=\frac{3}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)

Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)

Chúc bạn học tốt !!!

a)

$3^x-y^3=1$

$\Leftrightarrow 3^x=y^3+1$

$\Leftrightarrow 3^x=(y+1)(y^2-y+1)$

$\gcd(y+1,y^2-y+1)=\gcd(y+1,3)$

Vì $3^x$ chỉ có ước nguyên tố là $3$ nên

$y+1=3^m,\quad y^2-y+1=3^n\qquad (m,n\in\mathbb N,\ m+n=x)$

Ta có $y^2-y+1-(y+1)(y-2)=3$ nên $\gcd(y+1,y^2-y+1)\mid 3$

Suy ra $\gcd(y+1,y^2-y+1)=1$ hoặc $3$.

Nếu $\gcd=1$ thì $y+1=1$

$\Rightarrow y=0$

$\Rightarrow 3^x=1$

$\Rightarrow x=0$.

Nếu $\gcd=3$ thì $3\mid y+1$

$\Rightarrow y\equiv2\pmod3$

$\Rightarrow y^2-y+1\equiv4-2+1\equiv3\equiv0\pmod3$

Lại có $y^2-y+1=(y+1)^2-3y$ nên $9\nmid (y^2-y+1)$

Suy ra $y^2-y+1=3$

$\Rightarrow y^2-y-2=0$

$\Rightarrow y=2$.

Khi đó $3^x=2^3+1=9$ $\Rightarrow x=2$.

Vậy $\boxed{(x,y)=(0,0)\ \text{hoặc}\ (2,2).}$

b/

$a+b+c=0$

$\Rightarrow c=-(a+b)$

$ab+2c^2=ab+2(a+b)^2$

$=2a^2+5ab+2b^2$

$=(2a+b)(a+2b)$

Tương tự $bc+2a^2=(2a+b)(a-b)$

$ca+2b^2=(a+2b)(b-a)$

Suy ra $(ab+2c^2)(bc+2a^2)(ca+2b^2)$

$=(2a+b)^2(a+2b)^2(a-b)(b-a)$

$=-(2a+b)^2(a+2b)^2(a-b)^2$ $\le 0$

Do đó $N=1-(ab+2c^2)(bc+2a^2)(ca+2b^2)$$=1+(2a+b)^2(a+2b)^2(a-b)^2$

$\ge 1$$>0$

=> N là số dương.