a: \(x^2+y^2(x-y+1)-\left(x-1\right)\cdot y=22\)

=>\(x^2 + y^2(x - y + 1) - xy + y = 22\)

=>\(x^2-xy+y^2(x-y+1)+y=22\)

=>\(x(x-y+1)-x+y^2(x-y+1)+y=22\)

\(\iff(x-y+1)(x+y^2)-(x-y)=22\)

\(\iff(x-y+1)(x+y^2)-(x-y+1)+1=22\)

=>\((x-y+1)(x+y^2-1)=21\)

TH1: \(\begin{cases}x-y+1=1\\ x+y^2-1=21\end{cases}\)

=>\(\begin{cases}x=y\\ y+y^2-1=21\end{cases}\iff y^2+y-22=0\)

=>\(y^2+y+\frac14-\frac{89}{4}=0\)

=>\(\left(y+\frac12\right)^2=\frac{89}{4}\)

=>\(\left[\begin{array}{l}y+\frac12=\frac{\sqrt{89}}{2}\\ y+\frac12=-\frac{\sqrt{89}}{2}\end{array}\right.\Rightarrow\left[\begin{array}{l}y=\frac{\sqrt{89}-1}{2}\left(loại\right)\\ y=\frac{-\sqrt{89}-1}{2}\left(loại\right)\end{array}\right.\)

=>Loại

TH2: \(\begin{cases}x-y+1=21\\ x+y^2-1=1\end{cases}\iff\begin{cases}x=y+20\\ (y+20)+y^2-1=1\end{cases}\iff y^2+y+18=0\)

=>\(y^2+y+\frac14+\frac{71}{4}=0\)

=>\(\left(y+\frac12\right)^2+\frac{71}{4}=0\) (vô lý)

=>Loại

TH3: \(\begin{cases}x-y+1=3\\ x+y^2-1=7\end{cases}\iff\begin{cases}x=y+2\\ (y+2)+y^2-1=7\end{cases}\iff y^2+y-6=0\)

=>(y+3)(y-2)=0

=>y=-3 hoặc y=2

Nếu y=-3 thì x-y+1=3

=>x-y=2

=>x-(-3)=2

=>x+3=2

=>x=-1

Nếu y=2 thì x-y+1=3

=>x-2+1=3

=>x-1=3

=>x=4

TH4: \(\begin{cases}x-y+1=7\\ x+y^2-1=3\end{cases}\iff\begin{cases}x=y+6\\ (y+6)+y^2-1=3\end{cases}\iff y^2+y+2=0\)

=>y∈∅

=>Loại

Ta có \(\left(x+y\right)^3=\left(x-y-6\right)^2\left(1\right)\)

Vì x,y nguyên dương nên

\(\left(x+y\right)^3>\left(x+y\right)^2\)kết hợp (1) ta được:

\(\left(x-y-6\right)^2>\left(x+y\right)^2\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2-\left(x-y-6\right)^2< 0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)\left(y+3\right)< 0\)

Mà y+3 >0 (do y>0)\(\Rightarrow x-3< 0\Leftrightarrow x< 3\)

mà \(x\inℤ^+\)\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{1;2\right\}\)

*x=1 thay vào (1) ta có:

\(\left(1+y\right)^3=\left(1-y-6\right)^2\Leftrightarrow y^3+3y^2+3y+1=y^2+10y+25\Leftrightarrow\left(y-3\right)\left(y^2+5y+8\right)=0\)

mà \(y^2+5y+8=\left(y+\frac{5}{2}\right)^2+\frac{7}{4}\ge\frac{7}{4}>0\)

\(\Rightarrow y-3=0\Leftrightarrow y=3\inℤ^+\)

*y=2 thay vào (1) ta được: 

\(\left(2+y\right)^3=\left(2-y-6\right)^2\Leftrightarrow y^3+6y^2+12y+8=y^2+8y+16\Leftrightarrow y^3+5y^2+4y-8=0\)

Sau đó cm pt trên không có nghiệm nguyên dương.

Vậy x=1;y=3

\(\Leftrightarrow6\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)+20=\dfrac{5\left(x+y\right)\left(xy+3\right)}{xy}\ge\dfrac{5\left(x+y\right)2\sqrt{3xy}}{xy}=10\sqrt{3}\left(\sqrt{\dfrac{x}{y}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{y}{x}}\right)\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{\dfrac{x}{y}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{y}{x}}=t\ge2\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}=t^2-2\)

\(\Rightarrow6\left(t^2-2\right)+20\ge10\sqrt{3}t\)

\(\Rightarrow3t^2-5\sqrt{3}t+4\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(\sqrt{3}t-1\right)\left(\sqrt{3}t-4\right)\ge0\)

Do \(t\ge2\Rightarrow\sqrt{3}t-1>0\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{3}t-4\ge0\Rightarrow t\ge\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{3}}\)

\(\Rightarrow t^2\ge\dfrac{16}{3}\Rightarrow t^2-2\ge\dfrac{10}{3}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\ge\dfrac{10}{3}\) (do \(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}=t^2-2\))

Vậy \(A_{min}=\dfrac{10}{3}\) khi \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(1;3\right);\left(3;1\right)\)

khó thế