Bài 1:

Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=k\)

=>a=bk; c=dk

\(\frac{5a+4b}{5a-4b}=\frac{5\cdot bk+4b}{5\cdot bk-4b}=\frac{b\left(5k+4\right)}{b\left(5k-4\right)}=\frac{5k+4}{5k-4}\)

\(\frac{5c+4d}{5c-4d}=\frac{5\cdot dk+4d}{5\cdot dk-4d}=\frac{d\left(5k+4\right)}{d\left(5k-4\right)}=\frac{5k+4}{5k-4}\)

Do đó: \(\frac{5a+4b}{5a-4b}=\frac{5c+4d}{5c-4d}\)

Bài 2:

a: Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}=k\)

=>b=ck; a=bk=ck^2

\(\frac{a^2+b^2}{b^2+c^2}=\frac{\left(ck^2\right)^2+\left(ck\right)^2}{\left(ck\right)^2+c^2}=\frac{c^2k^2\left(k^2+1\right)}{c^2\left(k^2+1\right)}=k^2\)

\(\frac{a}{c}=\frac{ck^2}{c}=k^2\)

Do đó: \(\frac{a}{c}=\frac{a^2+b^2}{b^2+c^2}\)

b: Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}=\frac{c}{d}=k\)

=>\(\begin{cases}c=dk\\ b=ck=dk\cdot k=dk^2\\ a=bk=dk^2\cdot k=dk^3\end{cases}\)

\(\left(\frac{a+b-c}{b+c-d}\right)^3=\left(\frac{dk^3+dk^2-dk}{dk^2+dk-d}\right)^3\)

\(=\left\lbrack\frac{dk\left(k^2+k-1\right)}{d\left(k^2+k-1\right)}\right\rbrack^3=k^3\)

\(\frac{a}{d}=\frac{dk^3}{d}=k^3\)

Do đó: \(\left(\frac{a+b-c}{b+c-d}\right)^3=\frac{a}{d}\)

a,

\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{d}\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}=\dfrac{b^2}{d^2}=\dfrac{ab}{bd}\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{b^2+d^2}=\dfrac{a}{d} \)

Ta có:2bd=c(b+d)

=>2bd=bc+cd

Mà a+c=2b (theo đề)

=>(a+c).d=bc+cd

=>ad+cd=bc+cd

=>ad=bc (cùng bớt đi cd)

=>a/b=c/d (đpcm)

\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=\left(\frac{a}{b}\right)^2=\left(\frac{c}{d}\right)^2=\frac{a^2}{b^2}=\frac{c^2}{d^2}=\frac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+d^2}\)(T/c dãy tỷ số  = nhau)(1)

\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=\frac{a+b}{c+d}\Rightarrow\left(\frac{a}{b}\right)^2=\left(\frac{c}{d}\right)^2=\left(\frac{a+c}{b+d}\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=\frac{a^2}{b^2}=\frac{c^2}{d^2}=\frac{\left(a+c\right)^2}{\left(b+d\right)^2}\)(2)

Từ )1) và (2) =>\(\frac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+d^2}=\frac{\left(a+c\right)^2}{\left(b+d\right)^2}\)