\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca=0\)

\(\Rightarrow a^3b^3+b^3c^3+c^3a^3=3a^2b^2c^2\)

Ta có:

\(\dfrac{bc}{a^2}+\dfrac{ac}{b^2}+\dfrac{ab}{c^2}=\dfrac{a^3b^3+b^3c^3+c^3a^3}{a^2b^2c^2}=\dfrac{3a^2b^2c^2}{a^2b^2c^2}=3\)

Kẻ đường cao BD ứng với AC. Do góc A tù \(\Rightarrow\) D nằm ngoài đoạn thẳng AC hay \(CD=AD+AC\) và \(\widehat{DAB}=180^0-120^0=60^0\)

Áp dụng định lý Pitago:

\(AB^2=BD^2+AD^2\) \(\Rightarrow BD^2=AB^2-AD^2\)

Trong tam giác vuông ABD:

\(cos\widehat{BAD}=\dfrac{AD}{AB}\Rightarrow\dfrac{AD}{AB}=cos60^0=\dfrac{1}{2}\Rightarrow AD=\dfrac{1}{2}AB\)

\(\Rightarrow BD^2=AB^2-\left(\dfrac{1}{2}AB^2\right)=\dfrac{3}{4}AB^2\)

Pitago tam giác BCD:

\(BC^2=BD^2+CD^2=\dfrac{3}{4}AB^2+\left(AD+AC\right)^2\)

\(=\dfrac{3}{4}AB^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}AB+AC\right)^2\)

\(=\dfrac{3}{4}AB^2+\dfrac{1}{4}AB^2+AB.AC+AC^2\)

\(=AB^2+AB.AC+AC^2\)

Hay \(a^2=b^2+c^2+bc\)

Ta có $(a^2+2)(b^2+2)(c^2+2)$

$=a^2b^2c^2+2\sum a^2b^2+4(a^2+b^2+c^2)+8

Suy ra $(a^2+2)(b^2+2)(c^2+2)-18-3(a^2+b^2+c^2)$

$=a^2b^2c^2+2\sum a^2b^2+(a^2+b^2+c^2)-10$

Đặt $s=a^2+b^2+c^2$

Ta có $s\ge ab+bc+ca=3$ và $\sum a^2b^2\ge ab+bc+ca=3$

(vì $ab+bc+ca=3$ và $\sum a^2b^2\ge \dfrac{(ab+bc+ca)^2}{3}$).

Do đó $a^2b^2c^2+2\sum a^2b^2+s-10$$\ge 0+2\cdot3+3-10$$=-1$

Mặt khác $\sum a^2b^2\ge \dfrac{(ab+bc+ca)^2}{3}=3$ nên $a^2b^2c^2+2\sum a^2b^2+s-10$

$\ge a^2b^2c^2+s-4$

Lại có $(ab+bc+ca)^2\ge 3abc(a+b+c)$

$\Rightarrow a+b+c\le \dfrac3{abc}$ và $s=(a+b+c)^2-6\ge \dfrac9{a^2b^2c^2}-6$

Đặt $t=abc$.

Khi đó $a^2b^2c^2+s-4\ge t^2+\dfrac9{t^2}-10$

$=\left(t-\dfrac3t\right)^2-4\ge0$

(vì từ $ab+bc+ca=3$ suy ra $t\le1$).

Vậy $\boxed{(a^2+2)(b^2+2)(c^2+2)-18\ge 3(a^2+b^2+c^2)}.$

Dấu bằng khi $\boxed{a=b=c=1.}$

c: Ta có: \(a\left(a+2b\right)^3-b\left(2a+b\right)^3\)

\(=a^4+6a^3b+12a^2b^2+8ab^3-8a^3b-12a^2b^2-6ab^3-b^4\)

\(=a^4-2a^3b+2ab^3-b^4\)

\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)-2ab\left(a^2-b^2\right)\)

\(=\left(a-b\right)^3\cdot\left(a+b\right)\)

TA có: \(3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)

\(=3a^2+3b^2+3c^2-a^2-b^2-c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc\)

\(=2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc\)

\(=\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(a^2-2ac+c^2\right)+\left(b^2+c^2-2bc\right)=\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0\forall a,b,c\)

=>\(3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\) (1)

Ta có: \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2-3\left(ab+ac+bc\right)\)

\(=a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2ac+2bc-3ab-3ac-3bc\)

\(=a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc=\frac12\left(2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc\right)\)

\(=\frac12\cdot\left\lbrack\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(a^2-2ac+c^2\right)+\left(b^2+c^2-2bc\right)\right\rbrack\)

\(=\frac12\cdot\left\lbrack\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2\right\rbrack>=0\forall a,b,c\)

=>\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+ac+bc\right)\) (2)

Từ (1),(2) suy ra \(3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+ac+bc\right)\)

\(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc=0\\\Leftrightarrow 2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc=0\\\Leftrightarrow (a^2-2ab+b^2)+(b^2-2bc+c^2)+(a^2-2ac+c^2)=0\\\Leftrightarrow (a-b)^2+(b-c)^2+(a-c)^2=0\)

Ta thấy: \(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\forall a;b\)

              \(\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0\forall b;c\)

              \(\left(a-c\right)^2\ge0\forall a;c\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2\ge0\forall a;b;c\)

Mặt khác: \(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2=0\)

nên: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\a-c=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=b\\b=c\\a=c\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\left(dpcm\right)\)

#\(Toru\)