\(=\left(x^2+2x\right)^2+9\left(x^2+2x\right)+20\)

\(=\left(x^2+2x+4\right)\left(x^2+2x+5\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x^2+2x\right)^2+9\left(x^2+2x\right)+20=\left(x^2+2x\right)^2+4\left(x^2+2x\right)+5\cdot\left(x^2+2x\right)+20=\left(x^2+2x\right)\left(x^2+2x+4\right)+5\left(x^2+2x+4\right)=\left(x^2+2x+4\right)\left(x^2+2x+5\right)\)

\(\left(x^2+2x\right)^2+4\left(x^2+2x\right)+5\left(x^2+2x\right)+20\)

\(=\left(x^2+2x\right)\left(x^2+2x+4\right)+5\left(x^2+2x+4\right)\)

\(=\left(x^2+2x+5\right)\left(x^2+2x+4\right)\)

(x2+2x)+9x2+18x+20

=(x2+2x)+9(x2+2x)+20

Đặt t=x2+2x đc:

t+9t+20=10t+20=10(t+2)

Thay t=x2+2x vào đc:

10(x2+2x+2)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(9x^2-18x+9\right)+\left(y^2-6y+9\right)+2\left(z^2+2z+1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow9\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2+2\left(z+1\right)^2=0\)(*)

Vì \(\left(x-1\right)\ge0;\left(y-3\right)^2\ge0;\left(z+1\right)^2\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x-1=0\\y-3=0\\z+1=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}y=1\\y=3\\z=-1\end{cases}}}\)

pt ⇔ ( 9x² - 18x + 9 ) + ( y² - 6y + 9 ) + ( 2z² + 4z + 2 ) = 0

    ⇔ 9( x² - 2x + 1 ) + ( y - 3 )² + 2( z² + 2z + 1 ) = 0

    ⇔ 9( x - 1 )² + ( y - 3 )² + 2( z + 1 )² = 0

Vì \(\hept{\begin{cases}9\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\forall x\\\left(y-3\right)^2\ge0\forall y\\2\left(z+1\right)^2\ge0\forall z\end{cases}}\Rightarrow9\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2+2\left(z+1\right)^2\ge0\forall x,y,z\)

Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}x-1=0\\y-3=0\\z+1=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=1\\y=3\\z=-1\end{cases}}\)

Vậy 

9x² + y² + 2z² - 18x + 4z - 6y + 20 = 0

<=> 9x² - 18x + 9 + y² - 6y + 9 + 2x² + 4z + 2 = 0

<=> 9(x² - 2x + 1) + (y - 3)² + 2(z² + 2z + 1) = 0

<=> 9(x - 1)² + (y - 3)² + 2(z + 1)² = 0

<=> \(\left\{\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\y-3=0\\z+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

<=> \(\left\{\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=3\\z=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(a,9x^2+y^2+2z^2-18x+4z-6y+20=0\\ \Leftrightarrow9\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2+2\left(z+1\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=3\\z=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(b,5x^2+5y^2+8xy+2y-2x+2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow4\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-y\\x=1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(c,5x^2+2y^2+4xy-2x+4y+5=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(2x+y\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-y\\x=1\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(d,x^2+4y^2+z^2=2x+12y-4z-14\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(2y-3\right)^2+\left(z+2\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=\dfrac{3}{2}\\z=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(e,x^2+y^2-6x+4y+2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2=11\)

Pt vô nghiệm do ko có 2 bình phương số nguyên có tổng là 11

e: Ta có: \(x^2-6x+y^2+4y+2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-6x+9+y^2+4y+4-11=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2=11\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=3 và y=-2

2:

a: \(3xy^2-3x^3-6xy+3x\)

\(=3x\cdot\left(y^2-2y+1-x^2\right)\)

\(=3x\left\lbrack\left(y-1\right)^2-x^2\right\rbrack\)

=3x(y-1-x)(y-1+x)

b: \(3x^2+11x+6\)

\(=3x^2+9x+2x+6\)

=3x(x+3)+2(x+3)

=(x+3)(3x+2)

c: \(-x^3-4xy^2+4x^2y+16x\)

\(=x\left(16+4xy-4y^2-x^2\right)\)

\(=x\cdot\left\lbrack4^2-\left(x^2-4xy+4y^2\right)\right\rbrack=x\cdot\left\lbrack4^2-\left(x-2y\right)^2\right\rbrack\)

=x(4-x+2y)(4+x-2y)

d: \(xz-x^2-yz+2xy-y^2\)

=z(x-y)-\(\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)\)

=\(z\left(x-y\right)-\left(x-y\right)^2\)

=(x-y)(z-x+y)

e: \(4x^2-y^2-6x+3y\)

=(2x-y)(2x+y)-3(2x-y)

=(2x-y)(2x+y-3)

f: \(x^4-x^3-10x^2+2x+4\)

\(=x^4+2x^3-2x^2-3x^3-6x^2+6x-2x^2-4x+4\)

\(=\left(x^2+2x-2\right)\left(x^2-3x-2\right)\)

g: \(\left(x^3-x^2+x\right)\left(121-25y^2-10y\right)-\left(x^3-x^2+x\right)-\left(121-25y^2-10y\right)+1\)

\(=\left(x^3-x^2+x\right)\left(121-25y^2-10y-1\right)-\left(121-25y^2-10y-1\right)\)

\(=\left(x^3-x^2+x-1\right)\left\lbrack121-\left(25y^2+10y+1\right)\right\rbrack\)

\(=\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)\left\lbrack121-\left(5y+1\right)^2\right\rbrack\)

=(x-1)(x^2+1)(11-5y-1)(11+5y+1)

=(x-1)(x^2+1)(10-5y)(12+5y)

=5(2-y)(x-1)(x^2+1)(5y+12)

(x²+2x)²+9x²+18x+20

=(x²+2x)²+9(x²+2x)+20

Đặt t=x²+2x ta được:

t²+9t+20=t²+4t+5t+20

=t.(t+4)+5.(t+4)

=(t+4)(t+5)

thay t=x²+2x ta được:

(x²+2x+4)(x²+2x+5)

Vậy (x²+2x)²+9x²+18x+20=(x²+2x+4)(x²+2x+5)