ĐK \(x\ne\left\{-1;-\frac{1}{2}\right\}\)

Phương trình \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2-4x+1}{x+1}+1=\frac{-x^2+5x-1}{2x+1}-1\)\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2-4x+1+x+1}{x+1}=\frac{-x^2+5x-1-2x-1}{2x+1}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2-3x+2}{x+1}=\frac{-\left(x^2-3x+2\right)}{2x+1}\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-3x+2\right)\left[\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{2x+1}\right]=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x^2-3x+2=0\\\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{2x+1}=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)=0\\\frac{3x+2}{\left(x+1\right)\left(2x+1\right)}=0\end{cases}}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=1;x=2\\3x+2=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=1;x=2\\x=-\frac{2}{3}\end{cases}}\left(tm\right)}\)

Vậy hệ có 3 nghiệm \(x=1;x=2;x=-\frac{2}{3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2-4x+1}{x+1}+1=-\frac{x^2-5x+1}{2x+1}-1.DKXD:x\ne-1;x\ne-\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2-3x+2}{x+1}=\frac{-x^2+3x-2}{2x+1}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2-3x+2}{x+1}+\frac{x^2-3x+2}{2x+1}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-3x+2\right)\left(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{2x+1}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-x-2x+2\right)\left[\frac{3x+2}{\left(x+1\right)\left(2x+1\right)}\right]=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)\left[\frac{3x+2}{\left(x+1\right)\left(2x+1\right)}\right]=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x-1=0\Leftrightarrow x=1\left(n\right)\)

\(hay:x-2=0\Leftrightarrow x=2\left(n\right)\)

\(hay:\frac{3x+2}{\left(x+1\right)\left(2x+1\right)}=0\Leftrightarrow3x+2=0\Leftrightarrow x=-\frac{2}{3}\left(n\right)\)

\(V...S=\left\{1:2:-\frac{2}{3}\right\}\)

Sửa đề +2 thành +1

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2-5x+1}{2x+1}=\frac{x^2-4x+1}{x+1}-1\)

ko hiểu

\(\frac{x^2-4x+1}{x+1}+2=\frac{x^2-5x+1}{2x+1}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(x^2-4x+1\right)\left(2x+1\right)+2\left(x+1\right)\left(2x+1\right)}{\left(x+1\right)\left(2x+1\right)}=\frac{\left(x^2-5x+1\right)\left(x+1\right)}{\left(2x+1\right)\left(x+1\right)}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2x^3+x^2-8x^2-4x+2x+1+2\left(2x^2+x+2x+1\right)}{\left(x+1\right)\left(2x+1\right)}=\frac{x^3+x^2-5x^2-5x+x+1}{\left(2x+1\right)\left(x+1\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow2x^3-7x^2-2x+1+4x^2+2x+4x+2=x^3-4x^2-4x+1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x^3-3x^2+4x+3-x^3+4x^2+4x-1=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^3+x^2+8x-2=0\)

$\dfrac{4}{-25x^2+20x-3}=\dfrac{3}{5x-1}-\dfrac{2}{5x-3}$

Điều kiện: $5x-1\ne0,\ 5x-3\ne0$

$\Leftrightarrow x\ne\dfrac{1}{5},\ x\ne\dfrac{3}{5}$

Ta có:

$-25x^2+20x-3=-(5x-1)(5x-3)$

$\Rightarrow \dfrac{-4}{(5x-1)(5x-3)}=\dfrac{3(5x-3)-2(5x-1)}{(5x-1)(5x-3)}$

$\Leftrightarrow \dfrac{-4}{(5x-1)(5x-3)}=\dfrac{5x-7}{(5x-1)(5x-3)}$

Vì $x\ne\dfrac{1}{5},\dfrac{3}{5}$ nên:

$-4=5x-7$

$\Leftrightarrow 5x=3$

$\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{5}$

Nhưng $x=\dfrac{3}{5}$ không thỏa mãn điều kiện.

Vậy: phương trình vô nghiệm.

$\dfrac{1}{x^2-3x+2}+\dfrac{1}{x^2-5x+6}-\dfrac{2}{x^2-4x+3}=0$

Điều kiện:

$x^2-3x+2=(x-1)(x-2)\ne0$

$x^2-5x+6=(x-2)(x-3)\ne0$

$x^2-4x+3=(x-1)(x-3)\ne0$

$\Rightarrow x\ne1,\ x\ne2,\ x\ne3$

Ta có:

$\dfrac{1}{(x-1)(x-2)}+\dfrac{1}{(x-2)(x-3)}-\dfrac{2}{(x-1)(x-3)}=0$

Quy đồng:

$\dfrac{x-3+x-1-2(x-2)}{(x-1)(x-2)(x-3)}=0$

$\Leftrightarrow \dfrac{x-3+x-1-2x+4}{(x-1)(x-2)(x-3)}=0$

$\Leftrightarrow \dfrac{0}{(x-1)(x-2)(x-3)}=0$

Phương trình đúng với mọi $x$ thỏa mãn điều kiện.

Vậy: $x\in\mathbb{R}\setminus{1;2;3}$.

$\dfrac{x-1}{2x^2-4x}-\dfrac{7}{8x}=\dfrac{5-x}{4x^2-8x}-\dfrac{1}{8x-16}$

Điều kiện: $x\ne0,\ x\ne2$

Ta có:

$\dfrac{x-1}{2x(x-2)}-\dfrac{7}{8x}=\dfrac{5-x}{4x(x-2)}-\dfrac{1}{8(x-2)}$

Quy đồng mẫu $8x(x-2)$:

$\dfrac{4(x-1)-7(x-2)}{8x(x-2)}=\dfrac{2(5-x)-x}{8x(x-2)}$

$\Leftrightarrow \dfrac{4x-4-7x+14}{8x(x-2)}=\dfrac{10-2x-x}{8x(x-2)}$

$\Leftrightarrow \dfrac{-3x+10}{8x(x-2)}=\dfrac{-3x+10}{8x(x-2)}$

Phương trình đúng với mọi $x$ thỏa mãn điều kiện.

Vậy: $x\in\mathbb{R}\setminus{0;2}$.

$\dfrac{1}{x^2+9x+20}+\dfrac{1}{x^2+11x+30}+\dfrac{1}{x^2+13x+42}=\dfrac{1}{18}$

Điều kiện:

$x^2+9x+20=(x+4)(x+5)\ne0$

$x^2+11x+30=(x+5)(x+6)\ne0$

$x^2+13x+42=(x+6)(x+7)\ne0$

$\Rightarrow x\ne-4,-5,-6,-7$

Ta có:

$\dfrac{1}{(x+4)(x+5)}+\dfrac{1}{(x+5)(x+6)}+\dfrac{1}{(x+6)(x+7)}=\dfrac{1}{18}$

Quy đồng:

$\dfrac{(x+6)(x+7)+(x+4)(x+7)+(x+4)(x+5)}{(x+4)(x+5)(x+6)(x+7)}=\dfrac{1}{18}$

$\Leftrightarrow 18[(x+6)(x+7)+(x+4)(x+7)+(x+4)(x+5)]=(x+4)(x+5)(x+6)(x+7)$

Khai triển và rút gọn:

$\Leftrightarrow x^2+11x-26=0$

$\Leftrightarrow (x-2)(x+13)=0$

$\Leftrightarrow x=2$ hoặc $x=-13$

Cả hai giá trị đều thỏa mãn điều kiện.

Vậy: $x\in{-13;2}$.