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S-P= (1 - 1/2 + 1/3 - 1/4 +...+ 1/2011 - 1/2012 + 1/2013) - ( 1/1007 + 1/1008 +...+ 1/2012 + 1/2013 )
 S-P= (1- 1/2 + ... + 1/1005 - 1/1006) - 2.(1/1008 + 1/1010 + 1/1012 +...+ 1/2012)
 S-P= 1+1/2+1/3+...+1/1006 - 2.( 1/2 + 1/4 + 1/6 +...+ 1/2012)
 S-P= 1 + 1/2 + 1/3 +...+ 1/1006 - ( 1+ 1/2 + 1/3 +...+ 1/1006 )
 S-P= 0
⇒ (S-P)^2013 = 0

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S-P= (1 - 1/2 + 1/3 - 1/4 +...+ 1/2011 - 1/2012 + 1/2013) - ( 1/1007 + 1/1008 +...+ 1/2012 + 1/2013 )
S-P= (1- 1/2 + ... + 1/1005 - 1/1006) - 2.(1/1008 + 1/1010 + 1/1012 +...+ 1/2012)
S-P= 1+1/2+1/3+...+1/1006 - 2.( 1/2 + 1/4 + 1/6 +...+ 1/2012)
S-P= 1 + 1/2 + 1/3 +...+ 1/1006 - ( 1+ 1/2 + 1/3 +...+ 1/1006 )
S-P= 0
(S-P)^2013 = 0

Ta có; \(S=2012+\frac{2012}{1+2}+\frac{2012}{1+2+3}+\cdots+\frac{2012}{1+2+\cdots+2011}\)

\(=2012+\frac{2012}{2\cdot\frac32}+\frac{2012}{3\cdot\frac42}+\cdots+\frac{2012}{2011\cdot\frac{2012}{2}}\)

\(=2012+2\left(\frac{2012}{2\cdot3}+\frac{2012}{3\cdot4}+\cdots+\frac{2012}{2011\cdot2012}\right)\)

\(=2012+4024\left(\frac{1}{2\cdot3}+\frac{1}{3\cdot4}+\cdots+\frac{1}{2011\cdot2012}\right)\)

\(=2012+4024\left(\frac12-\frac13+\frac13-\frac14+\cdots+\frac{1}{2011}-\frac{1}{2012}\right)\)

\(=2012+4024\left(\frac12-\frac{1}{2012}\right)=2012+2012-2=4024-2=4022\)