Đặt:

\(A=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{7}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{97}+\sqrt{99}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2A=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{7}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{7}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{97}+\sqrt{99}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{97}+\sqrt{99}}\)

\(>\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{5}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{97}+\sqrt{99}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{99}+\sqrt{101}}\)

\(=\frac{1}{2}.\left(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{3}+...+\sqrt{101}-\sqrt{99}\right)\)

\(=\frac{1}{2}.\left(\sqrt{101}-\sqrt{1}\right)>\frac{1}{2}.\left(\sqrt{100}-\sqrt{1}\right)\)

\(=\frac{9}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow A>\frac{9}{4}\)

Câu 2/ Ta có:

\(n^{n+1}>\left(n+1\right)^n\)

\(\Leftrightarrow n>\left(1+\frac{1}{n}\right)^n\left(1\right)\)

Giờ ta chứng minh cái (1) đúng với mọi \(n\ge3\)

Với \(n=3\) thì dễ thấy (1) đúng.

Giả sử (1) đúng đến \(n=k\) hay

\(k>\left(1+\frac{1}{k}\right)^k\)

Ta cần chứng minh (1) đúng với \(n=k+1\)hay \(k+1>\left(1+\frac{1}{k+1}\right)^{k+1}\)

Ta có: \(\left(1+\frac{1}{k+1}\right)^{k+1}< \left(1+\frac{1}{k}\right)^{k+1}=\left(1+\frac{1}{k}\right)^k.\left(1+\frac{1}{k}\right)\)

\(< k\left(1+\frac{1}{k}\right)=k+1\)

Vậy có ĐPCM

\(A=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}>\sqrt{n}\left(1\right)\)

Với \(n=2\), BĐT \(\left(1\right)\) trở thành \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}>\sqrt{2}\) (đúng)

Giả sử \(\left(1\right)\) đúng với \(n=k\), nghĩa là \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{k}}>\sqrt{k}\left(2\right)\)

Ta chứng minh \(\left(1\right)\) đúng với \(n=k+1\). Thật vậy, từ \(\left(2\right)\) suy ra:

\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{k}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{k+1}}>\sqrt{k}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{k+1}}\)

Vì \(\sqrt{k}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{k+1}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{k\left(k+1\right)}+1}{\sqrt{k+1}}>\sqrt{k+1}\)

Nên \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{k}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{k+1}}>\sqrt{k+1}\)

Tức là \(\left(1\right)\) đúng với \(n=k+1\).

Theo nguyên lí quy nạp, (1) đúng với mọi số tự nhiên \(n>1\)

mk không biết mình mới lớp 5

Ta có: \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}>\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}};\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}>\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}....;\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\)

=>\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}>\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\)

\(=n.\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}=\sqrt{n}\left(dpcm\right)\)

a)

+) Ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}=\dfrac{2}{2\sqrt{n}}>\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}}=\dfrac{2\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}\right)\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)}\) \(=\dfrac{2\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)}{n+1-n}\)

\(=2\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)\) (1)

+) Ta có:

\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}=\dfrac{2}{2\sqrt{n}}< \dfrac{2}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n-1}}=\dfrac{2\left(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n-1}\right)\left(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}\right)}\) \(=\dfrac{2\left(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}\right)}{n-\left(n-1\right)}\)

\(=2\left(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}\right)\) (2)

Từ (1) và (2) ⇒ đpcm

Học toán vui vẻ!

Lời giải:

Đặt \(P=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{4}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\)

Ta có:

\(\frac{P}{2}=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{4}}+...+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{n}}\)

\(< \frac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}+....+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{n}}(1)\)

Mà:

\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}+....+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{n}}=\frac{(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1})(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{1})}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2})(\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2})}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{(\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3})(\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{3})}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}+....+\frac{(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1})(\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n-1})}{\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{n}}\)

\(=(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1})+(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2})+...+(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1})\)

\(=\sqrt{n}-1(2)\)

Từ \((1);(2)\Rightarrow \frac{P}{2}< \sqrt{n}-1\Rightarrow P< 2\sqrt{n}-2\)

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Tương tự:

\(\frac{P}{2}>\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{5}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{n}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{n}}=\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{2}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{n}}\)

\(\Rightarrow P> 2\sqrt{n}-2\sqrt{2}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\)

Mà \(2\sqrt{n}-2\sqrt{2}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}> 2\sqrt{n}-3\Rightarrow P>2\sqrt{n}-3\)

Ta có đpcm.

Lời giải:

Liên hợp ta thấy:

\(2(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n})=2.\frac{(n+1)-n}{\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}}<\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}(1)\)

\(2(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1})=2.\frac{n-(n-1)}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n-1}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n-1}}>\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}(2)\)

Từ \((1);(2)\Rightarrow 2(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n})< \frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}< 2(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1})\)

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Áp dụng vào bài toán:

\(S=1+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{100}}>1+2(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2})+2(\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3})+...+2(\sqrt{101}-\sqrt{100})\)

\(\Leftrightarrow S>1+2(\sqrt{101}-\sqrt{2})>18(*)\)

Và:

\(S< 1+2(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1})+2(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2})+....+2(\sqrt{100}-\sqrt{99})\)

\(\Leftrightarrow S< 1+2(\sqrt{100}-\sqrt{1})=19(**)\)

Từ $(*); (**)$ suy ra $18< S< 19$ (đpcm)