Bài 1: Chưa đủ dữ kiện để tính. Từ $a+b=2$ bạn chỉ có thể tính $a^2+b^2+2ab$

Bài 2:

\(a^2+b^2-ab-a-b+1=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow 2a^2+2b^2-2ab-2a-2b+2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (a^2-2ab+b^2)+(a^2-2a+1)+(b^2-2b+1)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (a-b)^2+(a-1)^2+(b-1)^2=0\)

Vì \((a-b)^2\geq 0; (a-1)^2\geq 0;(b-1)^2\geq 0, \forall a,b\in\mathbb{R}\)

\(\Rightarrow (a-b)^2+(a-1)^2+(b-1)^2\geq 0\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \((a-b)^2=(a-1)^2=(b-1)^2=0\Leftrightarrow a=b=1\)

Bài 3:

\(x+y=x^3+y^3=(x+y)(x^2-xy+y^2)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (x+y)(x^2-xy+y^2-1)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} x+y=0\\ x^2-xy+y^2-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\).

Nếu $x+y=0$ \(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2=x+y=0\)

Mà \(x^2\geq 0, y^2\geq 0, \forall x,y\) nên để tổng của chúng bằng $0$ thì \(x^2=y^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=y=0\) (thỏa mãn)

Nếu \(x^2-xy+y^2-1=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (x^2+y^2)-xy-1=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x+y-xy-1=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (x-1)(1-y)=0\) \(\Rightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} x=1\\ y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(x=1\Rightarrow 1+y=1+y^2=1+y^3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow y=y^2=y^3\Rightarrow y=0\) hoặc $y=1$

\(y=1\Rightarrow x+1=x^2+1=x^3+1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=x^2=x^3\Rightarrow x=0\) hoặc $x=1$.

Vậy $(x,y)=(0,0); (1,0), (0,1), (1,1)$

\(P=\sum\frac{1}{\sqrt{a^2+b^2-ab+b^2+b^2+1}}\le\sum\frac{1}{\sqrt{ab+b^2+2b}}=\sum\frac{2}{\sqrt{4b\left(a+b+2\right)}}\)

\(\Rightarrow P\le\sum\left(\frac{1}{4b}+\frac{1}{a+b+1+1}\right)\le\sum\left(\frac{1}{4b}+\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+1+1\right)\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{3}{8}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)+\frac{3}{8}\le\frac{3}{2}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)

2.

\(1\ge\frac{1}{1+a}+\frac{1}{1+b}+\frac{1}{1+c}\ge\frac{9}{3+a+b+c}\)

\(\Rightarrow a+b+c+3\ge6\Rightarrow a+b+c\ge6\)

\(P=\sum\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}=\sum\left(a-\frac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}\right)\ge\sum\left(a-\frac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{3ab}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge\sum\left(\frac{2a}{3}-\frac{b}{3}\right)=\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)\ge\frac{6}{3}=2\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=2\)

Ta có : \(ab\le\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2-ab+3b^2+1\ge\frac{a^2}{2}+\frac{5}{2}b^2+1\)

Lại có : \(\left(\frac{a^2}{2}+\frac{5}{2}b^2+1\right)\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{5}{2}b^2+1\right)\ge\left(\frac{a}{2}+\frac{5}{2}b+1\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{a^2-ab+3b^2+1}\ge\frac{a}{4}+\frac{5b}{4}+\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{a^2-ab+3b^2+1}}\le\frac{4}{a+b+b+b+b+b+1+1}\le\frac{4}{64}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{5}{b}+2\right)\)

Khi đó :

\(P\le\frac{1}{16}\left(6\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)+6\right)\le\frac{3}{2}\)

Dấu " = " xay ra khi a=b=c=1

Vậy \(P_{Max}=\frac{3}{2}\) khi a=b=c=1

\(B=\frac{a+b}{ab}+\frac{2}{a+b}=\frac{a+b}{2ab}+\frac{a+b}{2ab}+\frac{2}{a+b}\)

\(B\ge\frac{2\sqrt{ab}}{2ab}+2\sqrt{\frac{2\left(a+b\right)}{2ab\left(a+b\right)}}=3\)

\(B_{min}=3\) khi \(a=b=1\)

Câu b thì đề chắc phải cho a;b;c là 3 cạnh của 1 tam giác để đảm bảo các mẫu thức dương chứ?

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b+c-a=x\\a+c-b=y\\a+b-c=z\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\frac{y+z}{2}\\b=\frac{x+z}{2}\\c=\frac{x+y}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(T=\frac{2\left(y+z\right)}{x}+\frac{9\left(x+z\right)}{2y}+\frac{8\left(x+y\right)}{z}\)

\(T=\frac{2y}{x}+\frac{2z}{x}+\frac{9x}{2y}+\frac{9z}{2y}+\frac{8x}{z}+\frac{8y}{z}\)

\(T=\frac{2y}{x}+\frac{9x}{2y}+\frac{2z}{x}+\frac{8x}{z}+\frac{8y}{z}+\frac{9z}{2y}\)

\(T\ge2\sqrt{\frac{18xy}{2xy}}+2\sqrt{\frac{16xz}{xz}}+2\sqrt{\frac{72yz}{2yz}}=26\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x=2y\\z=2x\\4y=3z\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(P=\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)^2-\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)-1\)

Đặt \(t=\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\Rightarrow t\in(-\infty;-2]\cup[2;+\infty)\)

\(f\left(t\right)=t^2-t-1\)

\(-\frac{b}{2a}=\frac{1}{2}\notin(-\infty;-2]\cup[2;+\infty)\)

\(f\left(-2\right)=5\) ; \(f\left(2\right)=1\)

\(\Rightarrow P_{min}=1\) khi \(t=2\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}=2\Leftrightarrow a=b\)

\(a+b+c=0\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=-\left(b+c\right)\\b=-\left(a+c\right)\\c=-\left(a+b\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2=b^2+2bc+c^2\\b^2=a^2+2ac+c^2\\c^2=a^2+2ab+b^2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b^2+c^2-a^2=-2bc\\a^2+c^2-b^2=-2ac\\a^2+b^2-c^2=-2ab\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow P=\frac{1}{-2bc}+\frac{1}{-2ac}+\frac{1}{-2ab}=\frac{a+b+c}{-2abc}=0\)

a) \(P=\frac{1}{b^2+c^2-a^2}+\frac{1}{a^2+b^2-c^2}+\frac{1}{a^2+c^2-b^2}\) ( Sửa đề )

\(P=\frac{1}{\left(b+c\right)^2-2ab-a^2}+\frac{1}{\left(a+b\right)^2-2ab-c^2}+\frac{1}{\left(a+c\right)^2-2ac-b^2}\)

Vì a + b + c = 0

Nên a + b = -c

=> ( a + b )² = (-c)² = c²

Tương tự: ( b + c )² = a² và ( a + c )² = b²

\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{1}{a^2-2bc-a^2}+\frac{1}{c^2-2ab-c^2}+\frac{1}{b^2-2ac-b^2}\)

\(P=\frac{1}{-2bc}+\frac{1}{-2ab}+\frac{1}{-2ac}\)

\(P=\frac{a+b+c}{-2abc}=\frac{0}{-2abc}=0\)

\(\frac{1}{a^2+b^2-c^2}=\frac{1}{a^2+\left(b-c\right)\left(b+c\right)}=\frac{1}{a^2-a\left(b-c\right)}=\frac{1}{a\left(a-b+c\right)}=\frac{1}{-2ab}\)

Tương tự \(\Rightarrow Q=-\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}\right)=-\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a+b+c}{abc}\right)=0\)

\(M=\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2+2ab}{a-b}=a-b+\frac{4}{a-b}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{4\left(a-b\right)}{a-b}}=4\)

\(M_{min}=4\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=2\\ab=2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\sqrt{3}+1\\b=\sqrt{3}-1\end{matrix}\right.\)