Bài 1:

a. $2^{29}< 5^{29}< 5^{39}$

$\Rightarrow A< B$

b.

$B=(3^1+3^2)+(3^3+3^4)+(3^5+3^6)+...+(3^{2009}+3^{2010})$

$=3(1+3)+3^3(1+3)+3^5(1+3)+...+3^{2009}(1+3)$

$=(1+3)(3+3^3+3^5+...+3^{2009})$

$=4(3+3^3+3^5+...+3^{2009})\vdots 4$

Mặt khác:

$B=(3+3^2+3^3)+(3^4+3^5+3^6)+....+(3^{2008}+3^{2009}+3^{2010})$

$=3(1+3+3^2)+3^4(1+3+3^2)+...+3^{2008}(1+3+3^2)$

$=(1+3+3^2)(3+3^4+....+3^{2008})=13(3+3^4+...+3^{2008})\vdots 13$

Bài 1:
c.

$A=1-3+3^2-3^3+3^4-...+3^{98}-3^{99}+3^{100}$

$3A=3-3^2+3^3-3^4+3^5-...+3^{99}-3^{100}+3^{101}$

$\Rightarrow A+3A=3^{101}+1$
$\Rightarrow 4A=3^{101}+1$

$\Rightarrow A=\frac{3^{101}+1}{4}$

\(A=3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{2015}\)

\(\Rightarrow3A=3^2+3^3+...+3^{2015}+3^{2016}\)

\(\Rightarrow3A-A=\left(3^2+3^3+...+3^{2016}\right)-\left(3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{2015}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow2A=\left(3^2-3^2\right)+\left(3^3-3^3\right)+...+\left(3^{2016}-3\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow2A=3^{2016}-3\)

\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{3^{2016}-3}{2}\)

Ta có: \(2A+3=3^n\)

\(\Rightarrow2\cdot\dfrac{3^{2016}-3}{2}+3=3^n\)

\(\Rightarrow3^{2016}-3+3=3^n\)

\(\Rightarrow3^{2016}=3^n\)

\(\Rightarrow n=2016\)

a: \(A=3+3^2+\cdots+3^{100}\)

=>\(3A=3^2+3^3+\cdots+3^{101}\)

=>3A-A=\(3^2+3^3+\cdots+3^{101}-3-3^2-\cdots-3^{100}\)

=>\(2A=3^{101}-3\)

=>\(2A+3=3^{101}\)

=>\(3^{4n+1}=3^{101}\)

=>4n+1=101

=>4n=100

=>n=25

b: \(x^2+1=6y^2+2\)

=>\(x^2-6y^2=1\)

=>\(6y^2=x^2-1\)

=>\(y^2=\frac{x^2-1}{6}\)

=>\(y^2\) chẵn

=>y chẵn

mà y là số nguyên tố

nên y=2

\(x^2-6y^2=1\)

=>\(x^2=6y^2+1=6\cdot2^2+1=6\cdot4+1=24+1=25\)

=>x=5(nhận)

a: \(A=3+3^2+\cdots+3^{100}\)

=>\(3A=3^2+3^3+\cdots+3^{101}\)

=>\(3A-A=3^2+3^3+\cdots+3^{101}-3-3^2-\cdots-3^{100}\)

=>\(2A=3^{101}-3\)

=>\(2A+3=3^{101}\)

=>\(3^{4n+1}=3^{101}\)

=>4n+1=101

=>4n=100

=>n=25

b: \(x^2+1=6y^2+2\)

=>\(x^2-6y^2=1\)

=>\(6y^2=x^2-1\)

=>\(y^2=\frac{x^2-1}{6}\)

=>\(y^2\) ⋮2

=>y⋮2

mà y là số nguyên tố

nên y=2

\(x^2-6y^2=1\)

=>\(x^2=6y^2+1=6\cdot2^2+1=6\cdot4+1=24+1=25=5^2\)

=>x=5

\(a,A=3+3^2+3^3+3^4+...+3^{100}\\ 3A=3^2+3^3+3^4+3^5+3^{101}\\ 3A-A=2A=3^{101}-3\\ \Rightarrow2A+3=3^{101}=3^{4.25+1}\\ \Rightarrow n=25\)

Lồn bâm

Gâu gâu 

A = 3 + 3² + 3³ +...+ 3²⁰¹⁵

A =  (3 + 3² + 3³ + 3⁴ + 3⁵) +...+ (3²⁰¹¹ + 3²⁰¹² + 3²⁰¹³ + 3²⁰¹⁴ + 3²⁰¹⁵)

A = 3.( 1 + 3 + 3² + 3³ + 3⁴) +...+ 3²⁰¹¹( 1 + 3 + 3² + 3³ + 3⁴ )

A = 3.211 +...+ 3²⁰¹¹.121

A = 121.( 3 +...+ 3²⁰²¹)

121 ⋮ 121 ⇒ A =  121 .( 3 +...+3²⁰²¹)  ⋮ 121 (đpcm)

b, A              = 3 + 3² + 3³ + 3⁴ +...+ 3²⁰¹⁵

   3A             =       3² + 3³ + 3⁴ +...+ 3²⁰¹⁵ + 3²⁰¹⁶

3A - A           =   3²⁰¹⁶ - 3

    2A            = 3²⁰¹⁶ - 3

      2A    + 3  = 3²⁰¹⁶ -  3 + 3

      2A    + 3 =  3²⁰¹⁶ = 27ⁿ

       27ⁿ = 3²⁰¹⁶

       (3³)ⁿ = 3²⁰¹⁶

        3³ⁿ = 3²⁰¹⁶ 

           3n =  2016

             n = 2016 : 3

             n = 672

c, A = 3 + 3² + ...+ 3²⁰¹⁵

    A = 3.( 1 + 3 +...+ 3²⁰¹⁴)

    3 ⋮ 3 ⇒ A = 3.(1 + 3 + 3² +...+ 3²⁰¹⁴) ⋮ 3

   Mặt khác ta có: A = 3 + 3² +...+ 3²⁰¹⁵ 

                             A =  3 + (3² +...+ 3²⁰¹⁵)

                             A = 3 + 3².( 1 +...+ 3²⁰¹⁵)

                             A = 3 + 9.(1 +...+ 3²⁰¹⁵)

                              9 ⋮ 9 ⇒ 9.(1 +...+ 3²⁰¹⁵) ⋮ 9 

                                            3 không chia hết cho 9 nên 

                                A không chia hết cho 9, mà A lại chia hết cho 3 

                        Vậy A không phải là số chính phương vì số chính phương chia hết cho số nguyên tố thì sẽ chia hết cho bình phương số nguyên tố đó. nhưng A ⋮ 3 mà không chia hết cho 9

b: \(M=1+3+3^2+\cdots+3^{99}+3^{100}\)

\(=\left(1+3\right)+\left(3^2+3^3+3^4\right)+\left(3^5+3^6+3^7\right)+\cdots+\left(3^{98}+3^{99}+3^{100}\right)\)

\(=4+3^2\left(1+3+3^2\right)+3^5\left(1+3+3^2\right)+\cdots+3^{98}\left(1+3+3^2\right)\)

\(=4+13\left(3^2+3^5+\cdots+3^{98}\right)\)

=>M chia 13 dư 4

\(M=1+3+3^2+\cdots+3^{99}+3^{100}\)

\(=1+\left(3+3^2+3^3+3^4\right)+\left(3^5+3^6+3^7+3^8\right)+\cdots+\left(3^{97}+3^{98}+3^{99}+3^{100}\right)\)

\(=1+3\left(1+3+3^2+3^3\right)+3^5\left(1+3+3^2+3^3\right)+\cdots+3^{97}\left(1+3+3^2+3^3\right)\)

\(=1+40\left(3+3^5+\cdots+3^{97}\right)\)

=>M chia 40 dư 1

b: \(\Leftrightarrow n\left(n-1\right)-1⋮n-1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow n-1\in\left\{1;-1\right\}\)

hay \(n\in\left\{2;0\right\}\)

a: \(A=3\left(1+3^2+3^4\right)+...+3^{2011}\left(1+3^2+3^4\right)\)

\(=91\left(3+...+3^{2011}\right)⋮13\)

\(A=3\left(1+3^2+3^4+3^6\right)+...+3^{2009}\left(1+3^2+3^4+3^6\right)\)

\(=820\left(3+...+3^{2009}\right)⋮41\)