1. Japan is facing a serious worker shortage. With an unemployment rate of just 2.5%, an ageing population, and a declining birth rate, the country struggles to find enough workers for jobs such as taxi drivers, baristas, and waiters. This labor shortage is becoming a major challenge for Japan's economy, affecting businesses that rely on service workers.

2. To help solve this issue, an inventor has created a unique solution. His idea not only gives disabled people better access to the workplace but also helps elderly people stay active as they age. It may even help reduce loneliness among those who find it difficult to leave their homes, improving their quality of life.

3. At the Dawn Cafe in Tokyo, visitors are welcomed not by human staff, but by robot avatars. These robots have a friendly voice, two arms for gestures, and a smooth face inspired by Noh masks from traditional Japanese theatre. They are designed to create a warm and engaging experience for customers.

4. The cafe has different robots for different tasks. One greets customers at the entrance, another takes their orders and chats with them, and a third one serves their drinks. This system ensures a smooth and efficient service.

5. Unlike other robot cafes in Japan, which use artificial intelligence (AI) for automation, Dawn Cafe works differently. Instead of operating on their own, these robots are controlled by people called pilots who may be in another part of Japan or even in another country. Using a phone, tablet, or eye-tracking technology, these pilots can communicate with customers and navigate the cafe's floorspace, creating meaningful interactions.

6. The creator, Kentaro Yoshifuji, believes his invention is more than just a robot. He calls it a form of "teleportation", allowing people to interact with the world through a robotic body, no matter where they are.

1. Viet Nam is one of the fastest-aging countries in the world. In 2019, people aged 60 and older made up 11.9% of the population, but by 2050, this will grow to more than 25%. By 2036, Viet Nam will officially become an "aged" society. This change is due to longer life expectancy, lower death rates, and, most importantly, a significant drop in fertility over the past decades. These factors have reshaped Viet Nam's population structure, leading to a rapid aging process.

2. An aging population presents both challenges and opportunities for society. One major concern is the potential lack of workers in the future, which may affect the economy. Additionally, as the number of older people increases, so does the demand for social services, such as pensions and healthcare. Viet Nam has a fairly advanced social protection system, but it needs to be expanded and strengthened to support the growing elderly population. It is also essential to provide job opportunities for seniors who are able and willing to work beyond retirement.

3. The need for healthcare rises with age. Older people face a greater risk of disability and need more assistance. In Viet Nam, families traditionally care for elderly relatives, but this system is becoming harder to maintain, especially in urban areas. Improving access to healthcare and social services will be essential to address these needs effectively.

4. Population aging is a critical issue that requires action from policymakers. Although it creates challenges, it can also offer opportunities if managed correctly. Preparing younger generations for old age and implementing comprehensive policies will help Viet Nam successfully adapt to an aging society while ensuring a better future for all.

1. Vietnam is famous globally for its rich cuisine, and Pho stands out as the national soul dish. Recently, the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism agreed to build a national dossier for Pho. The goal is to submit it to UNESCO for recognition as an intangible cultural heritage of humanity. This plan aims to affirm the cultural value of the dish and protect it for future generations.

2. Pho consists of flat rice noodles, slices of meat, and fresh herbs. The two primary types are Pho Bo (beef) and Pho Ga (chicken), though there are many regional variations. However, the secret to a great bowl always lies in the soup base. Making the broth is a complex process that requires a lot of patience and skill. Cooks often simmer bones for many hours to extract the sweetness. It must be clear, hot, and fragrant with spices like cinnamon, star anise, cardamom, and grilled ginger.

3. In Vietnam, eating Pho is a daily habit, not just a special treat. It is a popular breakfast choice, but it serves as a delicious lunch or dinner as well. People from all walks of life enjoy this traditional meal, sitting anywhere from plastic stools on sidewalks to chairs in luxury restaurants. Everyone loves the warm and comforting feeling that the hot noodle soup brings, especially on cooler days.

4. The preparation of the dossier involves gathering knowledge deeply rooted in communities, particularly in Hanoi and Nam Dinh. These places are considered the birthplace of the dish. Nam Dinh is known for its original beef noodle soup, while Hanoi is famous for its refined style. Local families have preserved the recipes for generations. If UNESCO accepts the proposal, it will be a great honor, helping to promote Vietnamese tourism and culture to international friends.