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a/ ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}-6\sqrt{x-2}+\sqrt{x+2}-3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{x-2}\left(\sqrt{x+2}-3\right)+\sqrt{x+2}-3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2\sqrt{x-2}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x+2}-3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+2}-3=0\Rightarrow x=11\)
b/ ĐKXĐ: ....
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-2016}=a>0\\\sqrt{y-2017}=b>0\\\sqrt{z-2018}=a>0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\frac{a-1}{a^2}+\frac{b-1}{b^2}+\frac{c-1}{c^2}=\frac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{4}-\frac{a-1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{b-1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{c-1}{c^2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a-2\right)^2}{a^2}+\frac{\left(b-2\right)^2}{b^2}+\frac{\left(c-2\right)^2}{c^2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=2\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2020\\y=2021\\z=2022\end{matrix}\right.\)
a/ ĐK: \(x\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{3+x}=x^2-3\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{3+x}=a>0\Rightarrow3=a^2-x\) pt trở thành:
\(a=x^2-\left(a^2-x\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-a^2+x-a=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-a\right)\left(x+a+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=a\) (do \(x\ge0;a>0\))
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{3+x}=x\Leftrightarrow x^2-x-3=0\)
d/ ĐKXĐ: ...
\(\sqrt{6x^2+1}=\sqrt{2x-3}+x^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x-3}-1+x^2+1-\sqrt{6x^2+1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2\left(x-2\right)}{\sqrt{2x-3}+1}+\frac{x^4+2x^2+1-6x^2-1}{\left(x^2+1\right)^2+\sqrt{6x^2+1}}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2\left(x-2\right)}{\sqrt{2x-3}+1}+\frac{x^2\left(x+2\right)\left(x-2\right)}{\left(x^2+1\right)^2+\sqrt{6x^2+1}}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(\frac{2}{\sqrt{2x-3}+1}+\frac{x^2\left(x+2\right)}{\left(x^2+1\right)^2+\sqrt{6x^2+1}}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=2\) (phần trong ngoặc luôn dương với mọi \(x\ge\frac{3}{2}\))
1.
Giả sử $a^{2016}+b^{2017}+c^{2018}\vdots 6.$
Ta cần chứng minh $a^{2018}+b^{2019}+c^{2020}\vdots 6.$
Ta có $a^{2018}-a^{2016}=a^{2016}(a^2-1)=a^{2016}(a-1)(a+1).$
Trong ba số nguyên liên tiếp $a-1,\ a,\ a+1$ luôn có một số chia hết cho $3$ và có ít nhất một số chẵn.
Do đó $a(a-1)(a+1)\vdots6.$
Suy ra $a^{2016}(a^2-1)=a^{2015}\cdot a(a-1)(a+1)\vdots6,$ hay $a^{2018}\equiv a^{2016}\pmod6.$
Tương tự, $b^{2019}-b^{2017}=b^{2017}(b^2-1)=b^{2016}\cdot b(b-1)(b+1)\vdots6,$ nên $b^{2019}\equiv b^{2017}\pmod6.$
Lại có $c^{2020}-c^{2018}=c^{2018}(c^2-1)=c^{2017}\cdot c(c-1)(c+1)\vdots6,$
=nên $c^{2020}\equiv c^{2018}\pmod6.$
Cộng ba đồng dư trên,
$a^{2018}+b^{2019}+c^{2020}\equiva^{2016}+b^{2017}+c^{2018}\pmod6.$
Theo giả thiết, $a^{2016}+b^{2017}+c^{2018}\equiv0\pmod6.$
Suy ra $a^{2018}+b^{2019}+c^{2020}\equiv0\pmod6.$
Vậy $a^{2018}+b^{2019}+c^{2020}$ chia hết cho $6.$
2.
$\displaystyleM=\frac{a^2+4a+1}{a^2+a}+\frac{b^2+4b+1}{b^2+b}+\frac{c^2+4c+1}{c^2+c}.$
Ta có $\displaystyle\frac{x^2+4x+1}{x^2+x}=\frac{x^2+x+3x+1}{x(x+1)}=1+\frac{3x+1}{x(x+1)}.$
Lại có $\displaystyle\frac{3x+1}{x(x+1)}=\frac1x+\frac2{x+1}.`$
Do đó $\displaystyle\frac{x^2+4x+1}{x^2+x}=1+\frac1x+\frac2{x+1}.$
Suy ra $\displaystyleM=3+\left(\frac1a+\frac1b+\frac1c\right)+2\left(\frac1{a+1}+\frac1{b+1}+\frac1{c+1}\right).$
Theo bất đẳng thức Cauchy,
$\displaystyle(a+b+c)\left(\frac1a+\frac1b+\frac1c\right)\ge(1+1+1)^2=9.$
Vì $a+b+c\le3,$ nên $\displaystyle\frac1a+\frac1b+\frac1c\ge\frac9{a+b+c}\ge3.$
Mặt khác, áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy,
$\displaystyle(a+b+c+3)\left(\frac1{a+1}+\frac1{b+1}+\frac1{c+1}\right)\ge9.$
Do $a+b+c+3\le6,$ suy ra $\displaystyle\frac1{a+1}+\frac1{b+1}+\frac1{c+1}\ge\frac96=\frac32.$
Vậy $\displaystyleM\ge3+3+2\cdot\frac32=9.$
Dấu ``='' xảy ra khi $a=b=c=1,$ vì khi đó $a+b+c=3$ và các bất đẳng thức Cauchy đều đạt dấu bằng.
Vậy $M_{\min}=9.$
1/ Tính: \(A=\dfrac{\sqrt{15-10\sqrt{2}}+\sqrt{13+4\sqrt{10}}-\sqrt{11+2\sqrt{10}}}{2\sqrt{3+2\sqrt{2}}+\sqrt{9-4\sqrt{2}}+\sqrt{12+8\sqrt{2}}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{10}-\sqrt{5}\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(2\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{5}\right)^2}-\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{10}+1\right)^2}}{2\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(2\sqrt{2}-1\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(2\sqrt{2}+2\right)^2}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{10}-\sqrt{5}+2\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{10}-1}{2\sqrt{2}+2+2\sqrt{2}-1+2\sqrt{2}+2}=\dfrac{2\sqrt{2}-1}{6\sqrt{2}-3}=\dfrac{2\sqrt{2}-1}{3\left(2\sqrt{2}-1\right)}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(B=\dfrac{2+\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+\dfrac{2-\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}}=\dfrac{\left(2+\sqrt{3}\right)\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}\right)+\left(2-\sqrt{3}\right)\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}\right)\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}\right)}=\dfrac{2\sqrt{2}-2\sqrt{2}-2\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{6}-3+2\sqrt{2}+2\sqrt{2}+2\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{6}-3}{2-\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}\right)^2}=\dfrac{4\sqrt{2}-2\sqrt{6}-6}{2-2-3-2\sqrt{6}}=\dfrac{2\left(2\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{6}-3\right)}{-3-2\sqrt{6}}\)
=(1-2)(1+2)+(3-4)(3+4)+...+(2017-2018)(2017+2018)+2019
=-(1+2+3+...+2018)+2019
=\(-\frac{2019.2018}{2}+2019\)
\(=-2019.1009+2019\)
=-1008.2019