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ĐKXĐ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge1\\y\ge4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(M=\frac{\sqrt{x-1}}{x}+\frac{\sqrt{y-4}}{y}=\frac{1.\sqrt{x-1}}{x}+\frac{2\sqrt{y-4}}{2y}\)
\(M\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1+x-1}{x}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{4+y-4}{2y}\right)=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}=\frac{3}{4}\)
\(M_{max}=\frac{3}{4}\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=8\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(
1)Q = \left( {\dfrac{1}{{y - \sqrt y }} + \dfrac{1}{{\sqrt y - 1}}} \right):\left( {\dfrac{{\sqrt y + 1}}{{y - 2\sqrt y + 1}}} \right)\\
Q = \left( {\dfrac{1}{{\sqrt y \left( {\sqrt y - 1} \right)}} + \dfrac{1}{{\sqrt y - 1}}} \right).\dfrac{{y - 2\sqrt y + 1}}{{\sqrt y + 1}}\\
Q = \dfrac{{1 + \sqrt y }}{{\sqrt y \left( {\sqrt y - 1} \right)}}.\dfrac{{{{\left( {\sqrt y - 1} \right)}^2}}}{{\sqrt y + 1}}\\
Q = \dfrac{{\sqrt y - 1}}{{\sqrt y }}
\)
b) Thay \(y=3-2\sqrt{2}\) vào biểu thức ta được:
\(\dfrac{{\sqrt {3 - 2\sqrt 2 } - 1}}{{\sqrt {3 - 2\sqrt 2 } }} = \dfrac{{\sqrt {{{\left( {1 - \sqrt 2 } \right)}^2}} - 1}}{{\sqrt {{{\left( {1 - \sqrt 2 } \right)}^2}} }} = \dfrac{{ \sqrt 2 - 1-1}}{{\sqrt 2 -1}} \\= \dfrac{{\sqrt 2-2 }}{{ \sqrt 2 -1}} = \dfrac{{(\sqrt 2 -2)\left( { \sqrt 2+1 } \right)}}{{\left( { \sqrt 2-1 } \right)\left( {\sqrt 2+1 } \right)}} = - \sqrt 2 \)
\(2)B = \dfrac{{\sqrt y - 1}}{{{y^2} - y}}:\left( {\dfrac{1}{{\sqrt y }} - \dfrac{1}{{\sqrt y + 1}}} \right)\\ B = \dfrac{{\sqrt y - 1}}{{y\left( {y - 1} \right)}}:\dfrac{{\sqrt y + 1 - \sqrt y }}{{\sqrt y \left( {\sqrt y + 1} \right)}}\\ B = \dfrac{{\sqrt y - 1}}{{y\left( {\sqrt y - 1} \right)\left( {\sqrt y + 1} \right)}}:\dfrac{1}{{\sqrt y \left( {\sqrt y + 1} \right)}}\\ B = \dfrac{1}{{y\left( {\sqrt y + 1} \right)}}.\sqrt y \left( {\sqrt y + 1} \right)\\ B = \dfrac{{\sqrt y }}{y} \)
b) Thay \(y=3+2\sqrt{2}\) vào biểu thức ta được:
\(B = \dfrac{{\sqrt {3 + 2\sqrt 2 } }}{{3 + 2\sqrt 2 }} = \dfrac{{\sqrt {{{\left( {1 + \sqrt 2 } \right)}^2}} }}{{3 + 2\sqrt 2 }} = \dfrac{{\left( {1 + \sqrt 2 } \right)\left( {3 - 2\sqrt 2 } \right)}}{{\left( {3 + 2\sqrt 2 } \right)\left( {3 - 2\sqrt 2 } \right)}} = 3 - 2\sqrt 2 + 3\sqrt 2 - 4 = - 1 + \sqrt 2 \)
Nhiều quá @@
Lời giải:
Đặt \(\sqrt{x}=a(a\ge 0)\)
Khi đó: \(P=\frac{4a}{3(a^2-a+1)}\)
Để \(P=\frac{8}{9}\Rightarrow \frac{4a}{3(a^2-a+1)}=\frac{8}{9}\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{a}{a^2-a+1}=\frac{2}{3}\Rightarrow 3a=2(a^2-a+1)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 2a^2-5a+2=0\Leftrightarrow (a-2)(2a-1)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} a-2=0\\ 2a-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} a=2=\sqrt{x}\\ a=\frac{1}{2}=\sqrt{x}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} x=4\\ x=\frac{1}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\) (t/m)
b)
Vì \(a\geq 0; a^2-a+1=(a-\frac{1}{2})^2+\frac{3}{4}>0\)
Do đó: \(P=\frac{4}{3}.\frac{a}{a^2-a+1}\geq \frac{4}{3}.0=0\)
Vậy \(P_{\min}=0\Leftrightarrow a=0\Leftrightarrow x=0\)
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Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si: \(a^2+1\geq 2a\Rightarrow a^2-a+1\geq 2a-a=a\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{a}{a^2-a+1}\leq \frac{a}{a}=1\Rightarrow P=\frac{4}{3}.\frac{a}{a^2-a+1}\leq \frac{4}{3}.1=\frac{4}{3}\)
Vậy \(P_{\max}=\frac{4}{3}\Leftrightarrow a=1\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
Bài 2:
Đặt \(P=\sqrt{4+\sqrt{15}}+\sqrt{4-\sqrt{15}}-2\sqrt{3-\sqrt{5}}\)
\(=\sqrt{4+\sqrt{15}}+\sqrt{4-\sqrt{15}}-\sqrt{12-4\sqrt{5}}\)
Có:
\(4+\sqrt{15}=\frac{8+2\sqrt{15}}{2}=\frac{5+3+2\sqrt{3.5}}{2}=\frac{(\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{5})^2}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow \sqrt{4+\sqrt{15}}=\frac{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{5}}{\sqrt{2}}\)
Tương tự: \(\sqrt{4-\sqrt{15}}=\frac{\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{2}}\)
\(12-4\sqrt{5}=12-2\sqrt{20}=10+2-2\sqrt{10.2}=(\sqrt{10}-\sqrt{2})^2\)
\(\Rightarrow \sqrt{12-4\sqrt{5}}=\sqrt{10}-\sqrt{2}\)
Vậy \(P=\frac{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{5}}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{2}}-(\sqrt{10}-\sqrt{2})\)
\(=\sqrt{2}\)
\(B=\frac{ab}{a+b+2}\Rightarrow2B=\frac{2ab}{a+b+2}=\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2-a^2-b^2}{a+b+2}=\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2-4}{a+b+2}=a+b-2\)
Do a ; b không âm , áp dụng BĐT Cô - si cho 2 số , ta có :
\(a+b\le\sqrt{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}=\sqrt{2.4}=\sqrt{8}\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b-2\le\sqrt{8}-2\)
\(\Rightarrow2B\le\sqrt{8}-2\Rightarrow B\le\sqrt{2}-1\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=\sqrt{2}\)
Do x ; y không âm , \(x^2+y^2=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left|x\right|;\left|y\right|\le1\) \(\Rightarrow0\le x;y\le1\)
\(\Rightarrow x\ge x^2;y\ge y^2\Rightarrow x+y\ge x^2+y^2=1\)
\(x,y\ge0\Rightarrow xy\ge0\)
Ta có : \(A=\sqrt{5x+4}+\sqrt{5y+4}\)
\(\Rightarrow A^2=5x+4+5y+4+2\sqrt{\left(5x+4\right)\left(5y+4\right)}\)
\(=5\left(x+y\right)+8+2\sqrt{25xy+20y+20x+16}\)
\(\ge5.1+8+2\sqrt{25.0+20.1+16}=13+2.6=25\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge5\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0;y=1\\x=1;y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left(\sqrt{5+\sqrt{21}}+\sqrt{5-\sqrt{21}}\right)\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{2}\left(\sqrt{5+\sqrt{21}}+\sqrt{5-\sqrt{21}}\right)}{\sqrt{2}}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{10+2\sqrt{21}}+\sqrt{10-2\sqrt{21}}}{\sqrt{2}}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{3+2\sqrt{3.7}+7}+\sqrt{3-2\sqrt{3.7}+7}}{\sqrt{2}}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{7}\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{7}\right)^2}}{\sqrt{2}}\)
\(=\frac{|\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{7}|+|\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{7}|}{\sqrt{2}}\)
\(=\frac{-\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{7}+\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{7}}{\sqrt{2}}\)
\(=\frac{2\sqrt{7}}{\sqrt{2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{14}\)