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a)

\(175\cdot19+38\cdot175+43\cdot175\\ =175\cdot19+175\cdot38+175\cdot43\\ =175\cdot\left(19+38+43\right)\\ =175\cdot100\\ =17500\)

b)

\(125\cdot75+125\cdot13-80\cdot125\\ =125\cdot75+125\cdot13-125\cdot80\\ =125\cdot\left(75+13-80\right)\\ =125\cdot10\\ =125\cdot8\\ =1000\)

a, 175. 19 + 38. 175 + 43. 175

= 175. 19 + 175. 38 + 175. 43

= 175.(19 + 38 + 43)

= 175. 100

= 17500 

a: A={x∈N|x⋮3 và x<=15}

b: B={x∈N|x⋮5 và x<=30}

c: C={x∈N|x⋮10 và x<=90}

d: D={x∈N|x=4k+1; 0<=k<=4}

20:

a: \(4^{n}=256\)

=>\(4^{n}=4^4\)

=>n=4

b: \(9^{5n-8}=81\)

=>\(9^{5n-8}=9^2\)

=>5n-8=2

=>5n=10

=>n=2

c: \(3^{n+2}:27=3\)

=>\(3^{n+2}=27\cdot3=81=3^4\)

=>n+2=4

=>n=2

d: \(8^{n+2}\cdot2^3=8^5\)

=>\(8^{n+2}=8^5:8=8^4\)

=>n+2=4

=>n=2

Bài 21:

a: \(30-2x^2=12\)

=>\(2x^2=30-12=18\)

=>\(x^2=9\)

mà x>=0(do x là số tự nhiên)

nên x=3

b: \(\left(9-2x\right)^3=125\)

=>9-2x=5

=>2x=4

=>x=2

c: \(\left(2x-2\right)^4=0\)

=>2x-2=0

=>2x=2

=>x=1

d: \(\left(x+5\right)^3=\left(2x\right)^3\)

=>2x=x+5

=>2x-x=5

=>x=5

bài 20:

\(a.4^{n}=256\)

\(4^{n}=4^4\)

⇒ n = 4

b . \(9^{5n-8}=81\)

\(9^{5n-8}=9^2\)

⇒ 5n - 8 = 2

5n = 2 + 8

5n = 10

n = 10 : 5 = 2

c. \(3^{n+2}:27=3\)

\(3^{n+2}=3\cdot27\)

\(3^{n+2}=81\)

\(3^{n+2}=3^4\)

⇒ n + 2 = 4

⇒ n = 4 - 2 = 2

d. \(8^{n+2}\cdot2^3=8^5\)

\(8^{n+2}=8^5:2^3\)

\(8^{n+2}=8^4\)

⇒ n + 2 = 4

⇒ n = 4 - 2 = 2

bài 21 :

\(a.30-2x^2=12\)

\(2x^2=30-12\)

\(2x^2=18\)

\(x^2=18:2\)

\(x^2=9\)

⇒ x = 3 hoặc x = -3

b. \(\left(9-2x\right)^3=125\)

\(\left(9-2x\right)^3=5^3\)

⇒ 9 - 2x = 5

2x = 9 - 5

2x = 4

x = 4 : 2 = 2

c. \(\left(2x-2\right)^4=0\)

⇒ 2x - 2 = 0

2x = 2

x = 2 : 2 = 1

d. \(\left(x+5\right)^3=\left(2x\right)^3\)

⇒ x + 5 = 2x

⇒ 2x - x = 5

x = 5

a: \(640=2^7\cdot5;1440=2^5\cdot3^2\cdot5\)

=>ƯCLN(640;1440)\(=2^5\cdot5=32\cdot5=160\)

640⋮a; 1440⋮a

=>a∈ ƯC(640;1440)

mà a lớn nhất

nên a=ƯCLN(640;1440)=160

b: \(450=2\cdot3^2\cdot5^2;210=2\cdot3\cdot5\cdot7\)

=>ƯCLN(450;210)\(=2\cdot3\cdot5=30\)

450⋮a; 210⋮a

=>a∈ ƯC(450;210)

mà a lớn nhất

nên a=ƯCLN(450;210)=30

c: \(128=2^7;210=2\cdot3\cdot5\cdot7\)

=>ƯCLN(128;210)=2

128⋮a; 210⋮a

=>a∈ ƯC(128;210)

=>a∈ Ư(2)

mà 6<a<15

nên a∈∅

d: \(2350=2\cdot5^2\cdot47;1260=2^2\cdot3^2\cdot5\cdot7\)

=>ƯCLN(2350;1260)=\(2\cdot5=10\)

2350⋮a; 1260⋮a

=>a ∈ƯC(2350;1260)

=>a∈ Ư(10)

mà 80<a<140

nên a∈∅

e: \(112=2^4\cdot7;140=2^2\cdot5\cdot7\)

=>ƯCLN(112;140)\(=2^2\cdot7=28\)

112⋮a; 140⋮a

=>a ∈ƯC(112;140)

=>a∈ Ư(28)

mà 10<a<20

nên a=14

f: \(144=2^4\cdot3^2;192=2^6\cdot3\)

=>ƯCLN(144;192)\(=2^4\cdot3=16\cdot3=48\)

144⋮a; 192⋮a

=>a∈ ƯC(144;192)

=>a∈ Ư(48)

mà a<20

nên a∈{1;2;3;4;6;8;12;16}

g: \(420=2^2\cdot3\cdot5\cdot7;700=2^2\cdot5^2\cdot7\)

=>ƯCLN(420;700)\(=2^2\cdot5\cdot7=4\cdot5\cdot7=20\cdot7=140\)

420⋮a; 700⋮a

=>a∈ ƯC(420;700)

=>a∈ Ư(140)

mà a lớn nhất

nên a=140

Bài 5:

a: \(B=2009\cdot2011\)

\(=\left(2010-1\right)\left(2010+1\right)\)

\(=2010\cdot2010-1=A-1\)

=>B<A
b: \(B=2019\cdot2021\)

\(=\left(2020-1\right)\left(2020+1\right)\)

\(=2020\cdot2020-1\)

=A-1

=>B<A

c: \(A=234234\cdot233=234\cdot233\cdot1001\)

\(B=233233\cdot234=233\cdot234\cdot1001\)

Do đó: A=B

d: \(A=123\cdot137137=123\cdot137\cdot1001\)

\(B=137\cdot123123=137\cdot123\cdot1001\)

Do đó: A=B

Bài 4:

a: \(391-125<\overline{26x}<184+84\)

=>\(266<\overline{26x}<268\)

=>\(\overline{26x}=267\)

=>x=7

b: \(935+167<\overline{110x}<1240-135\)

=>\(1102<\overline{110x}<1105\)

=>x∈{3;4}

c: \(135\cdot12<\overline{162x}<4869:3\)

=>\(1620<\overline{162x}<1623\)

=>x∈{1;2}

d: \(11268:3<\overline{375x}<235\cdot16\)

=>\(3756<\overline{375x}<3760\)

=>x∈{7;8;9}

Bài 3:

l: x+125=492

=>x=492-125=367

m: 327-x=129

=>x=327-129=198

n: 124+(118-x)=217

=>118-x=217-124=93

=>x=118-93=25

o: 89-(73-x)=20

=>73-x=89-20=69

=>x=73-69=4

p: 198-(x+4)=120

=>x+4=198-120=78

=>x=78-4=74

q: (x+7)-25=23

=>x+7=25+23=48

=>x=48-7=41

r: 140:(x-8)=7

=>x-8=140:7=20

=>x=20+8=28

s: 4(x+41)=400

=>x+41=400:4=100

=>x=100-41=59

t: 4(3x-4)-2=18

=>4(3x-4)=2+18=20

=>3x-4=5

=>3x=9

=>x=3

u: 123-5(x+4)=38

=>5(x+4)=123-38=85

=>x+4=85:5=17

=>x=17-4=13

v: 231-(x-6)=1339:13

=>231-(x-6)=103

=>x-6=231-103=128

=>x=128+6=134

w: (x-36):18+12=14

=>(x-36):18=2

=>\(x-36=2\cdot18=36\)

=>x=36+36=72