II. Read the passage. Circle A, B or C to answer each question or complete each sentence.

The Peace Corps is one of the most famous organisations in the world that help people. This organisation was founded in 1961 by the former US President John Kennedy.

People working in this organisation are called volunteers. They are both men and women. They live and work in other countries for two years at a time. They share skills with people to help solve challenging problems in developing countries.

Peace Corps volunteers work as teachers at schools. They also help communities to protect their environment and prevent the spread of diseases. They also help farmers grow more food efficiently.

Peace Corps volunteers build bridges of cross-cultural understanding with people of other countries. They help people from other countries learn more about who they are. Peace Corps volunteers also bring home with them better understanding of other peoples and cultures.

What can be the best title for the passage?

The discovery that language can be a barrier to communication is quickly made by all who travel, study, govern or sell. Whether the activity is tourism, research, government, policing, business, or data dissemination, the lack of a common language can severely impede progress or can halt it altogether. 'Common language' here usually means a foreign language, but the same point applies in principle to any encounter with unfamiliar dialects or styles within a single language. 'They don't talk the same language' has a major metaphorical meaning alongside its literal one.

Although communication problems of this kind must happen thousands of times each day, very few become public knowledge. Publicity comes only when a failure to communicate has major consequences, such as strikes, lost orders, legal problems, or fatal accidents — even, at times, war. One reported instance of communication failure took place in 1970, when several Americans ate a species of poisonous mushroom. No remedy was known, and two of the people died within days. A radio report of the case was heard by a chemist who knew of a treatment that had been successfully used in 1959 and published in 1963. Why had the American doctors not heard of it seven years later? Presumably, because the report of the treatment had been published only in journals written in European languages other than English.

Several comparable cases have been reported. But isolated examples do not give an impression of the size of the problem — something that can come only from studies of the use or avoidance of foreign-language materials and contacts in different communicative situations. In the English-speaking scientific world, for example, surveys of books and documents consulted in libraries and other information agencies have shown that very little foreign-language material is ever consulted. Library requests in the field of science and technology showed that only 13 per cent were for foreign language periodicals. Studies of the sources cited in publications lead to a similar conclusion: the use of foreign-language sources is often found to be as low as 10 per cent.

The language barrier presents itself in stark form to firms who wish to market their products in other countries. British industry, in particular, has in recent decades often been criticised for its linguistic insularity - for its assumption that foreign buyers will be happy to communicate in English, and that awareness of other languages is not therefore a priority. In the 1960s, over two-thirds of British firms dealing with non-English-speaking customers were using English for outgoing correspondence; many had their sales literature only in English; and as many as 40 per cent employed no-one able to communicate in the customers' languages. A similar problem was identified in other English-speaking countries, notably the USA, Australia and New Zealand. And non-English-speaking countries were by no means exempt - although the widespread use of English as an alternative language made them less open to the charge of insularity.

The criticism and publicity given to this problem since the 1960s seems to have greatly improved the situation. Industrial training schemes have promoted an increase in linguistic and cultural awareness. Many firms now have their own translation services; to take just one example in Britain, Rowntree Mackintosh now publish their documents in six languages (English, French, German, Dutch, Italian and Xhosa). Some firms run part-time language courses in the languages of the countries with which they are most involved; some produce their own technical glossaries, to ensure consistency when material is being translated. It is now much more readily appreciated that marketing efforts can be delayed, damaged, or disrupted by a failure to take account of the linguistic needs of the customer.

The changes in awareness have been most marked in English-speaking countries, where the realisation has gradually dawned that by no means everyone in the world knows English well enough to negotiate in it. This is especially a problem when English is not an official language of public administration, as in most parts of the Far East, Russia, Eastern Europe, the Arab world, Latin America and French-speaking Africa. Even in cases where foreign customers can speak English quite well, it is often forgotten that they may not be able to understand it to the required level - bearing in mind the regional and social variation which permeates speech and which can cause major problems of listening comprehension. In securing understanding, how 'we' speak to 'them' is just as important, it appears, as how 'they' speak to 'us'.

Questions 14-17
Complete each of the following statements (Questions 14-17) with words taken from Reading Passage 133

Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

14 Language problems may come to the attention of the public when they have ........................... such as fatal accidents or social problems.

15 Evidence of the extent of the language barrier has been gained from ............................ of materials used by scientists such as books and periodicals.

16 An example of British linguistic insularity is the use of English for materials such as ...........................

17 An example of a part of the world where people may have difficulty in negotiating English is ........................... .

Questions 18-20
Choose the appropriate letters A-D

18 According to the passage, ‘They don't talk the same language' (paragraph 1), can refer to problems in...
A understanding metaphor.
B learning foreign languages.
C understanding dialect or style.
D dealing with technological change.

19 The case of the poisonous mushrooms (paragraph 2) suggests that American doctors …
A should pay more attention to radio reports.
B only read medical articles if they are in English.
C are sometimes unwilling to try foreign treatments.
D do not always communicate effectively with their patients.


20 According to the writer, the linguistic insularity of British businesses...
A later spread to other countries.
B had a negative effect on their business.
C is not as bad now as it used to be in the past.
D made non-English-speaking companies turn to other markets.

Questions 21-24
List the FOUR main ways in which British companies have tried to solve the problem of the language barrier since the 1960s.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

21 ......................................
22 ......................................
23 ......................................
24 ......................................

Questions 25 and 26
Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 25 and 26 on your answer sheet


25 According to the writer, English-speaking people need to be aware that...
A some foreigners have never met an English-speaking person.
B many foreigners have no desire to learn English.
C foreign languages may pose a greater problem in the future.
D English-speaking foreigners may have difficulty understanding English.

26 A suitable title for this passage would be .......
A Overcoming the language barrier
B How to survive an English-speaking world
C Global understanding - the key to personal progress
D The need for a common language

VII. Em h ãy đọc đoạn văn sau rồi chọn đáp án đúng cho mỗi câu hỏi.
Who are the best drivers? Which drivers are the safest on the roads? According to a recent survey, young and inexperienced drivers are the most likely to have an accident. Older drivers ar more careful. Young mem have the worst accident records of all. They often choose faster cars with bigger engines. One of the most interesting facts in the survey is that passengers have an effect on the driver. When young male drivers have there friends in the car, their driving become worse. When there wife or girlfriend is in the car, however, there driving is better. But opposite is true for women. Their driving is more dangerous when their husband or boyfriend is in the car.
0. Who have the worst accident records of all?
 A. Young men B. Young women C. Old men D. Inexperienced men
1. According to the survey, who are the most likely to have an accident ?
A. Young and experienced drivers. B. Old and inexpericenced drivers.
C. Young and old drivers. D. Young and inexpericenced drivers.
2. Young men often choose ………………………….. .
A. expensive cars. B. fast cars with big engines.
C. slow cars with big engines. D. fast car with small engines.
3. Who have an effect on the driver ?
A. passengers B. policemen C. children D. journalists.
4. When young male drivers have the wife of girlfriends in the car, their driving becomes ………………………….
A. worse B. better C. slower D. faster

14 Language problems may come to the attention of the public when they have ........................... such as fatal accidents or social problems.

15 Evidence of the extent of the language barrier has been gained from ............................ of materials used by scientists such as books and periodicals.

16 An example of British linguistic insularity is the use of English for materials such as ...........................

17 An example of a part of the world where people may have difficulty in negotiating English is ........................... .

Questions 18-20
Choose the appropriate letters A-D

18 According to the passage, ‘They don't talk the same language' (paragraph 1), can refer to problems in...
A understanding metaphor.
B learning foreign languages.
C understanding dialect or style.
D dealing with technological change.

19 The case of the poisonous mushrooms (paragraph 2) suggests that American doctors …
A should pay more attention to radio reports.
B only read medical articles if they are in English.
C are sometimes unwilling to try foreign treatments.
D do not always communicate effectively with their patients.


20 According to the writer, the linguistic insularity of British businesses...
A later spread to other countries.
B had a negative effect on their business.
C is not as bad now as it used to be in the past.
D made non-English-speaking companies turn to other markets.

Questions 21-24
List the FOUR main ways in which British companies have tried to solve the problem of the language barrier since the 1960s.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

21 ......................................
22 ......................................
23 ......................................
24 ......................................

Questions 25 and 26
Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 25 and 26 on your answer sheet


25 According to the writer, English-speaking people need to be aware that...
A some foreigners have never met an English-speaking person.
B many foreigners have no desire to learn English.
C foreign languages may pose a greater problem in the future.
D English-speaking foreigners may have difficulty understanding English.

26 A suitable title for this passage would be .......
A Overcoming the language barrier
B How to survive an English-speaking world
C Global understanding - the key to personal progress
D The need for a common language

There are least 2,000 different languages in the world. Of all these languages, English is the most (1)........................... used. It is used by business people, airline pilots and sea captains all over the world. It is also the first language (2)............................. sports and science. So it is very (3).................................. to learn English. Chinese is also an important language because it has the (4).............................. numbers of speakers. There are not only one billion people living in China today, but also many Chinese people (5)......................... outside China. Chinese is widely (6)............................. in many parts of Asia and Africa. Russian is spoken in both Europe and Asia. French is widely (7).......................... in Europe and in parts of Canada, Africa and Asia. From more than 2,000 languages, the United Nations has (8)............................ six of them for business. They are Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish.

People think children should play sports. Sports are fun, and playing with others. However, playing sports can have negative effects on children. It may produce feelings of poor self-respect or aggressive behavior in some children. According to research on kids and sports, 40,000,000 kids play sports in the US. Of these, 18,000,000 say they have been yelled at or called names while playing sports. This leaves many children with a bad impression of sports. They think sports are just too aggressive.

Many researchers believe adults, especially parents and coaches, are the main cause of too much aggression in children's sports. They believe children copy aggressive adult behavior. This behavior is then further strengthened through both positive and negative feedback. Parents and coaches are powerful teachers because children usually look up to them. Often these adults behave aggressively themselves, sending children the message that winning is everything. At children's sporting events, parents may yell insults at other players or cheer when their child behaves aggressively. As well, children may be taught that hurting other players is acceptable or are pushed to continue playing even when they are injured. In addition, the media makes violence seem exciting. Children watch adult sports games and see violent behavior replayed over and over on television.

As a society, we really need to face up to this problem and do something about it. Parents and coaches should act as better examples for children. They also need to teach children better values. They should teach children to enjoy themselves whether they win or not. It's not necessary to knock yourselt out to enjoys sports. Winning isn't everything. In addition, children shouldn't be allowed to continue to play when they are injured. Sending a child with an injury into a game gives the child the message that health isn't as important as winning. If we make some basic changes, children might learn to enjoy sports agian.

.

.

1. What is the main idea of the reading?
a. Children often become like their parents
b. Children need to play sports in school
c. Playing sports may have negative results
d. Some sports can cause health
2. How may children said they had some negative experience when playing sports?
a. All of the children
b. More than half of the children
c. Less than half of the children
d. About ten perfcent of the children
3. Which is described as the main cause of more aggressive playing?
a. Adults
b. Children with low grades in school
c. New rules in sports
d. Other players
4. What does the writter suggest?
a. Aggressive sports shouldn't be shown on television
b. Children shouldn't play sports intil high school
c. Coaches should be required to study child psychology
d. Parents should teach children to play sports for fun and exercise
5. What would probably NOT be done when "facing up to a problem"?
a. Ignoring the problem
b. Finding the reason
c. Admitting there is a problem
d. Looking for a solution

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_ Cần gấp

_ Hứa tick

Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

City planners have claimed trees (1)…… an important role in an urban environment. Children (2)…….. close to nature have better health, while walking in parks helps reduce blood pressure, stress and obesity. The problem is to select the right trees and (3)…… them.

Ha Noi is considered one of the greenest cities in Viet Nam thanks to its beautiful and precious trees. Ancient trees in Ha Noi are frequently (4)……. in poems. Each street can be (5)……… by a tree. To local residents, the hundred-year old trees that line the streets are more than just beautiful, they are part of the city's identity.

Due to the treasured place the trees have in the (6)………… of the local residents, Hanoians seem to have a lot of concern when construction workers chop them (7)………. Workers get away with digging around the trees without much care, and even (8)………. the trees without enough earth to grow - making them vulnerable to storms.

To (9)……… with the problem, Ha Noi's authorities have started a project of replanting trees: each of the capital's streets will be planted with two or three sorts of trees. Moreover, more people should be made (10)…… of the importance of protecting trees in communities.

Điền vào số 2

Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

City planners have claimed trees (1)…… an important role in an urban environment. Children (2)…….. close to nature have better health, while walking in parks helps reduce blood pressure, stress and obesity. The problem is to select the right trees and (3)…… them.

Ha Noi is considered one of the greenest cities in Viet Nam thanks to its beautiful and precious trees. Ancient trees in Ha Noi are frequently (4)……. in poems. Each street can be (5)……… by a tree. To local residents, the hundred-year old trees that line the streets are more than just beautiful, they are part of the city's identity.

Due to the treasured place the trees have in the (6)………… of the local residents, Hanoians seem to have a lot of concern when construction workers chop them (7)………. Workers get away with digging around the trees without much care, and even (8)………. the trees without enough earth to grow - making them vulnerable to storms.

To (9)……… with the problem, Ha Noi's authorities have started a project of replanting trees: each of the capital's streets will be planted with two or three sorts of trees. Moreover, more people should be made (10)…… of the importance of protecting trees in communities.

Điền vào số 9