67:

a: \(\frac{-x}{2}+\frac{2x}{3}+\frac{x+1}{4}+\frac{2x+1}{6}=\frac83\)

=>\(\frac{-6x}{12}+\frac{8x}{12}+\frac{3\left(x+1\right)}{12}+\frac{2\left(2x+1\right)}{12}=\frac{32}{12}\)

=>-6x+8x+3(x+1)+2(2x+1)=32

=>2x+3x+3+4x+2=32

=>9x=32-5=27

=>x=3

b: \(\frac{3}{2x+1}+\frac{10}{4x+2}-\frac{6}{6x+3}=\frac{12}{26}\)

=>\(\frac{3}{2x+1}+\frac{5}{2x+1}-\frac{2}{2x+1}=\frac{12}{26}=\frac{6}{13}\)

=>\(\frac{6}{2x+1}=\frac{6}{13}\)

=>2x+1=13

=>2x=12

=>x=6

Bài 68:

a: \(\frac{1}{51}<\frac{1}{50};\frac{1}{52}<\frac{1}{50};...;\frac{1}{100}<\frac{1}{50}\)

Do đó: \(\frac{1}{51}+\frac{1}{52}+\cdots+\frac{1}{100}<\frac{1}{50}+\frac{1}{50}+\cdots+\frac{1}{50}=\frac{50}{50}=1\) (1)

Ta có: \(\frac{1}{51}>\frac{1}{100};\frac{1}{52}>\frac{1}{100};\ldots;\frac{1}{100}=\frac{1}{100}\)

Do đó: \(\frac{1}{51}+\frac{1}{52}+..+\frac{1}{100}>\frac{1}{100}+\frac{1}{100}+\cdots+\frac{1}{100}\)

=>\(\frac{1}{51}+\frac{1}{52}+\cdots+\frac{1}{100}>\frac{50}{100}=\frac12\) (2)

Từ (1),(2) suy ra \(\frac12<\frac{1}{51}+\frac{1}{52}+\cdots+\frac{1}{100}<1\)

b: Ta có: \(\frac{1}{21}<\frac{1}{20};\frac{1}{22}<\frac{1}{20};\ldots;\frac{1}{30}<\frac{1}{20}\)

Do đó: \(\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+\cdots+\frac{1}{30}<\frac{1}{20}+\frac{1}{20}+\cdots+\frac{1}{20}=\frac{10}{20}=\frac12\) (3)

Ta có: \(\frac{1}{31}<\frac{1}{30};\frac{1}{32}<\frac{1}{30};\ldots;\frac{1}{40}<\frac{1}{30}\)

Do đó: \(\frac{1}{31}+\frac{1}{32}+\cdots+\frac{1}{40}<\frac{1}{30}+\frac{1}{30}+\cdots+\frac{1}{30}=\frac{10}{30}=\frac13\) (4)

Từ (3),(4) suy ra \(\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+\cdots+\frac{1}{40}<\frac12+\frac13=\frac56\left(5\right)\)

Ta có: \(\frac{1}{21}>\frac{1}{30};\frac{1}{22}>\frac{1}{30};\ldots;\frac{1}{30}=\frac{1}{30}\)

Do đó: \(\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+\cdots+\frac{1}{30}>\frac{1}{30}+\frac{1}{30}+\cdots+\frac{1}{30}=\frac{10}{30}=\frac13\) (6)

Ta có: \(\frac{1}{31}>\frac{1}{40};\frac{1}{32}>\frac{1}{40};\ldots;\frac{1}{40}=\frac{1}{40}\)

Do đó: \(\frac{1}{31}+\frac{1}{32}+\cdots+\frac{1}{40}>\frac{1}{40}+\frac{1}{40}+\cdots+\frac{1}{40}=\frac{10}{40}=\frac14\) (7)

Từ (6),(7) suy ra \(\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+...+\frac{1}{40}>\frac13+\frac14=\frac{7}{12}\) (8)

Từ (5),(8) suy ra \(\frac{7}{12}<\frac{1}{21}+\ldots+\frac{1}{40}<\frac56\)

a)

\(175\cdot19+38\cdot175+43\cdot175\\ =175\cdot19+175\cdot38+175\cdot43\\ =175\cdot\left(19+38+43\right)\\ =175\cdot100\\ =17500\)

b)

\(125\cdot75+125\cdot13-80\cdot125\\ =125\cdot75+125\cdot13-125\cdot80\\ =125\cdot\left(75+13-80\right)\\ =125\cdot10\\ =125\cdot8\\ =1000\)

a, 175. 19 + 38. 175 + 43. 175

= 175. 19 + 175. 38 + 175. 43

= 175.(19 + 38 + 43)

= 175. 100

= 17500 

Câu 8:

a:Sửa đề: \(4+4^2+\cdots+4^{2025}\)

Ta có: \(4+4^2+\cdots+4^{2025}\)

\(=\left(4+4^2+4^3\right)+\left(4^4+4^5+4^6\right)+\cdots+\left(4^{2023}+4^{2024}+4^{2025}\right)\)

\(=4\left(1+4+4^2\right)+4^4\left(1+4+4^2\right)+\cdots+4^{2023}\left(1+4+4^2\right)\)

\(=21\left(4+4^4+\cdots+4^{2023}\right)\) ⋮21

b: \(5+5^2+5^3+5^4+\cdots+5^{2024}\)

\(=\left(5+5^2\right)+\left(5^3+5^4\right)+\cdots+\left(5^{2023}+5^{2024}\right)\)

\(=\left(5+5^2\right)+5^2\left(5+5^2\right)+\cdots+5^{2022}\left(5+5^2\right)\)

\(=30\left(1+5^2+\cdots+5^{2022}\right)\) ⋮30

Câu 7:

a: \(A=2+2^2+2^3+\cdots+2^{99}\)

=>\(2A=2^2+2^3+\cdots+2^{100}\)

=>\(2A-A=2^2+2^3+\cdots+2^{100}-2-2^2-\cdots-2^{99}\)

=>\(A=2^{100}-2\)

b: \(B=1-7+7^2-7^3+\cdots+7^{48}-7^{49}\)

=>\(7B=7-7^2+7^3-7^4+\cdots+7^{49}-7^{50}\)

=>\(7B+B=7-7^2+7^3-7^4+\cdots+7^{49}-7^{50}+1-7+7^2-7^3+\cdots+7^{48}-7^{49}\)

=>\(8B=-7^{50}+1\)

=>\(B=\frac{-7^{50}+1}{8}\)

câu 4:

a) \(\)x³ = 125

x³ = 5³

⇒ x = 5

b. \(11^{x+1}=121\)

\(11^{x+1}=11^2\)

⇒ x + 1 = 2

⇒ x = 2 - 1 = 1

c. (x - 5)³ = 27

(x - 5)³ = 3³

⇒ x - 5 = 3

x = 3 + 5 = 8

d. \(4^5:4^{x}=16\)

\(4^{5-x}=4^2\)

⇒ 5 - x = 2

x = 5 - 2 = 3

e. \(5^{x-1}\cdot8=1000\)

\(5^{x-1}=1000:8\)

\(5^{x-1}=125\)

\(5^{x-1}=5^3\)

⇒ x - 1 = 3

x = 3 + 1 = 4

f. \(2^{x}+2^{x+3}=72\)

\(2^{x}\cdot\left(1+2^3\right)=72\)

\(2^{x}=72:9\)

\(2^{x}=8\)

\(2^{x}=2^3\)

⇒ x = 3

g. (3x + 1)³ = 343

(3x + 1)³ = 7³

⇒ 3x + 1 = 7

3x = 7 - 1

3x = 6

x = 6 : 3 = 2

h. \(3^{x}+3^{x+2}=270\)

\(3^{x}\cdot\left(1+3^2\right)=270\)

\(3^{x}=270:10\)

\(3^{x}=27\)

\(3^{x}=3^3\)

⇒ x = 3

i. \(25^{2x+4}=125^{x+3}\)

\(\left(5^2\right)^{2x+4}=\left(5^3\right)^{x+3}\)

\(5^{4x+8}=5^{3x+9}\)

=>4x + 8 = 3x + 9

4x - 3x = 9 - 8

x = 1

a) \(\dfrac{5}{11}\cdot\dfrac{5}{7}+\dfrac{5}{11}\cdot\dfrac{2}{7}+\dfrac{6}{11}=\dfrac{5}{11}\cdot\left(\dfrac{5}{7}+\dfrac{2}{7}\right)+\dfrac{6}{11}=\dfrac{5}{11}\cdot1+\dfrac{6}{11}=\dfrac{5}{11}+\dfrac{6}{11}=\dfrac{11}{11}=1\) 

b) \(\dfrac{3}{13}\cdot\dfrac{6}{11}+\dfrac{3}{13}\cdot\dfrac{9}{11}-\dfrac{3}{13}\cdot\dfrac{4}{11}=\dfrac{3}{13}\cdot\left(\dfrac{6}{11}+\dfrac{9}{11}-\dfrac{4}{11}\right)=\dfrac{3}{13}\cdot\dfrac{11}{11}=\dfrac{3}{13}\cdot1=\dfrac{3}{13}\) 

c) \(\dfrac{-5}{6}\cdot\dfrac{4}{19}+\dfrac{7}{12}\cdot\dfrac{4}{-19}-\dfrac{40}{57}=\dfrac{-5}{6}\cdot\dfrac{4}{19}+\dfrac{-7}{12}\cdot\dfrac{4}{19}-\dfrac{40}{57}=\dfrac{4}{19}\cdot\left(\dfrac{-5}{6}+\dfrac{-7}{12}\right)-\dfrac{40}{57}\)

\(=\dfrac{4}{19}\cdot\dfrac{-17}{12}-\dfrac{40}{47}=\dfrac{-17}{57}-\dfrac{40}{57}=\dfrac{-57}{57}=-1\)

d) \(\left(\dfrac{11}{4}\cdot\dfrac{-5}{9}+\dfrac{4}{9}\cdot\dfrac{11}{-4}\right)\cdot\dfrac{8}{33}=\left(\dfrac{11}{4}\cdot\dfrac{-5}{9}+\dfrac{-4}{9}\cdot\dfrac{11}{4}\right)\cdot\dfrac{8}{33}=\dfrac{11}{4}\cdot\dfrac{8}{33}\cdot\left(\dfrac{-5}{9}+\dfrac{-4}{9}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{11}{4}\cdot\dfrac{8}{33}\cdot1=\dfrac{11\cdot8}{4\cdot33}=\dfrac{2}{3}\) 

e) \(\left(\dfrac{12}{61}-\dfrac{31}{22}+\dfrac{14}{91}\right)\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{6}\right)=\left(\dfrac{12}{61}-\dfrac{31}{22}+\dfrac{14}{91}\right)\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{6}-\dfrac{1}{6}\right)\)

\(=\left(\dfrac{12}{61}-\dfrac{31}{22}+\dfrac{14}{91}\right)\cdot0=0\)

2/

Xét phân số \(\dfrac{2n-3}{n+1}=\dfrac{2n+2-5}{n+1}=\dfrac{2n+2}{n+1}-\dfrac{5}{n+1}=\dfrac{2\left(n+1\right)}{n+1}-\dfrac{5}{n+1}=2-\dfrac{5}{n+1}\)

\(n\in Z\Rightarrow2n-3\inƯ\left(5\right)=\left\{-1;-5;1;5\right\}\)

Ta có bảng:

Vậy \(n\in\left\{-1;1;2;4\right\}\)

1/

(x + 1) + (x + 3) + (x + 5) + ... + (x + 999) = 500

<=> (x + x + x + ... + x) + (1 + 3 + 5 + ... + 999) = 500

Xét tổng A = 1 + 3 + 5 + ... + 999

Số số hạng của A là: (999 - 1) : 2 + 1 = 500 

Tổng A là: (999 + 1) x 500 : 2 = 250 000

Do A có 500 số hạng nên có 500 ẩn x.

Vậy ta có: 500x + 250 000 = 500

=> 500x = -249 500

=> x = 499

Vậy x = 499

Lời giải:
a.

$=\frac{3}{5}-\frac{7}{4}=\frac{12-35}{20}=\frac{-23}{20}$

b.

$=-(2+\frac{5}{8})=-\frac{21}{8}$

c.

$=-(\frac{1}{8}+\frac{5}{9})=-\frac{9+8.5}{8.9}=\frac{-49}{72}$
d.

$=\frac{6}{13}-\frac{14}{39}=\frac{18}{39}-\frac{14}{39}=\frac{4}{39}$

e.

$=\frac{-3}{4}+\frac{5}{7}=\frac{5}{7}-\frac{3}{4}$

$=\frac{20-21}{7.4}=\frac{-1}{28}$

Bài 5

1) x ∈ Ư(18) = {1; 2; 3; 6; 9; 18}

x ∈ B(4) = {0; 4; 8; 12; 16; 20; ...}

Vậy không tìm được x thỏa mãn đề bài

2) x ∈ Ư(20) = {1; 2; 4; 5; 10; 20}

x ∈ B(2) = {0; 2; 4; 6; 8; 10; 12; 14; 16; 18; 20; ...}

⇒ x ∈ {2; 4; 10; 20}

3) x ∈ B(12) = {0; 12; 24; 36; 48; ...; 96; 108; ...}

Mà 30 ≤ x ≤ 100

⇒ x ∈ {36; 48; ...; 96}

4) x ∈ Ư(150) = {1; 2; 3; 5; 6; 10; 15; 25; 30; 50; 75; 150}

Mà x ≤ 50

⇒ x ∈ {1; 2; 3; 5; 6; 10; 15; 25; 30; 50}

5) 70 ⋮ x và 168 ⋮ x

⇒ x ∈ ƯC(70; 168)

Ta có:

70 = 2.5.7

168 = 2³.3.7

⇒ ƯCLN(70; 168) = 2.7 = 14

⇒ x ∈ ƯC(70; 168) = Ư(14) = {1; 2; 7; 14}

Mà x > 10

⇒ x = 14

6) Ta có:

(1995 + 2005 + x) ⋮ 5

1995 ⋮ 5

2005 ⋮ 5

⇒ x ⋮ 5

⇒ x ∈ B(5) = {0; 5; 10; 15; 20; 25; 30; 35; 40; ...}

Mà 23 < x ≤ 35

⇒ x ∈ {25; 30; 35}

Bài 6

1) Do 17x2y chia hết cho 2 và 5 nên y = 0

⇒ Số đã cho có dạng: 17x20

Để 17x20 chia hết cho 3 thì (1 + 7 + x + 2 + 0) ⋮ 3

⇒ (10 + x) ⋮  3

⇒ x ∈ {2; 5; 8}

Vậy x ∈ {2; 5; 8}; y = 0

2) Do 234xy chia hết cho 2 và 5 nên y = 0

⇒ Số đã cho có dạng: 234x0

Để 234x0 chia hết cho 9 thì (2 + 3 + 4 + x + 0) ⋮ 9

⇒ (9 + x) ⋮ 9

⇒ x ∈ {0; 9}

Vậy x ∈ {0; 9}; y = 0

3) Do 4x6y chia hết cho 2 và 5 nên y = 0

Mà x - y = 4

⇒ x = 4 + y

⇒ x = 4

Vậy x = 4; y = 0

4) Do 57x2y chia hết cho 5 nhưng không chia hết cho 2 nên y = 5

⇒ Số đã cho có dạng 57x25

Để 57x25 chia hết cho 9 thì (5 + 7 + x + 2 + 5) ⋮ 9

⇒ (19 + x) ⋮ 9

⇒ x = 8

Vậy x = 8; y = 5

110:

\(B=\frac{1}{199}+\frac{2}{198}+\frac{3}{197}+\cdots+\frac{198}{2}+\frac{199}{1}\)

\(=\left(1+\frac{1}{199}\right)+\left(1+\frac{2}{198}\right)+\cdots+\left(1+\frac{198}{2}\right)+1\)

\(=\frac{200}{2}+\frac{200}{3}+\cdots+\frac{200}{200}=200\left(\frac12+\frac13+\cdots+\frac{1}{200}\right)\)

=200A

=>\(\frac{A}{B}=\frac{1}{200}\)

109:

\(100-\left(1+\frac12+\frac13+\cdots+\frac{1}{100}\right)\)

\(=\left(1-1\right)+\left(1-\frac12\right)+\left(1-\frac13\right)+\cdots+\left(1-\frac{1}{100}\right)\)

\(=0+\frac12+\frac23+\cdots+\frac{99}{100}=\frac12+\frac23+\cdots+\frac{99}{100}\)

108:

\(A=\frac{1}{1\cdot300}+\frac{1}{2\cdot301}+\cdots+\frac{1}{101\cdot400}\)

\(=\frac{1}{299}\left(\frac{299}{1\cdot300}+\frac{299}{2\cdot301}+\cdots+\frac{299}{101\cdot400}\right)\)

\(=\frac{1}{299}\left(1-\frac{1}{300}+\frac12-\frac{1}{301}+\cdots+\frac{1}{101}-\frac{1}{400}\right)\)

\(=\frac{1}{299}\left(1+\frac12+\cdots+\frac{1}{101}-\frac{1}{300}-\frac{1}{301}-\cdots-\frac{1}{400}\right)\)

\(B=\frac{1}{1\cdot102}+\frac{1}{2\cdot103}+\frac{1}{3\cdot104}+\cdots+\frac{1}{299\cdot400}\)

\(=\frac{1}{101}\left(\frac{101}{1\cdot102}+\frac{101}{2\cdot103}+\cdots+\frac{101}{299\cdot400}\right)\)

\(=\frac{1}{101}\left(1-\frac{1}{102}+\frac12-\frac{1}{103}+\cdots+\frac{1}{299}-\frac{1}{400}\right)\)

\(=\frac{1}{101}\left(1+\frac12+\frac13+\cdots+\frac{1}{101}-\frac{1}{300}-\frac{1}{301}-\cdots-\frac{1}{400}\right)\)

Do đó: \(\frac{A}{B}=\frac{1}{299}:\frac{1}{101}=\frac{101}{299}\)