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2.
Từ giả thiết, ta có :
\(\frac{1}{1+a}\ge1-\frac{1}{1+b}+1-\frac{1}{1+c}+1-\frac{1}{1+d}\)
\(=\frac{b}{1+b}+\frac{c}{1+c}+\frac{d}{1+d}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{b.c.d}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)\left(1+d\right)}}\)
Tương tự, ta cũng có :
\(\frac{1}{1+b}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{c.d.a}{\left(1+c\right)\left(1+d\right)\left(1+a\right)}}\)
\(\frac{1}{1+c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{abd}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+d\right)}}\)
\(\frac{1}{1+d}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{abc}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}}\)
Nhân vế theo vế 4 BĐT vừa chững minh rồi rút gọn ta được :
\(abcd\le\frac{1}{81}\left(đpcm\right)\)
2) Từ \(\frac{1}{1+a}+\frac{1}{1+b}+\frac{1}{1+c}+\frac{1}{1+d}\ge3.\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{1+a}\ge\left(1-\frac{1}{1+b}\right)+\left(1-\frac{1}{1+c}\right)+\left(1-\frac{1}{1+d}\right)\)
\(=\frac{b}{1+b}+\frac{c}{1+c}+\frac{d}{1+d}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{bcd}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)\left(1+d\right)}}.\)(BĐT AM-GM)
Tương tự :
\(\frac{1}{1+b}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{acd}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+c\right)\left(1+d\right)}}\)
\(\frac{1}{1+c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{abd}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+d\right)}}\)
\(\frac{1}{1+d}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{abc}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}}.\)
Từ đó suy ra:
\(\frac{1}{1+a}.\frac{1}{1+b}.\frac{1}{1+c}.\frac{1}{1+d}\ge3.3.3.3\sqrt[3]{\frac{\left(abcd\right)^3}{\left[\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)\left(1+d\right)\right]^3}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)\left(1+d\right)}\ge\frac{81abcd}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)\left(1+d\right)}.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow81abcd\le1\Leftrightarrow abcd\le\frac{1}{81}\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=d=\frac{1}{3}.\)
3)Ta có: \(\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^8=\left[\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^2\right]^4=\left(a+b+2\sqrt{ab}\right)^4.\)(1)
Với \(a,b\ge0\),áp dụng BĐT AM-GM cho (a+b) và (\(2\sqrt{ab}\)) ta được
\(\left(a+b\right)+2\sqrt{ab}\ge2\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)2\sqrt{ab}}\)(2)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra:
\(\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^8\ge\left(2\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)2\sqrt{ab}}\right)^4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^8\ge64ab\left(a+b\right)^2.\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(a+b=2\sqrt{ab}\Leftrightarrow a=b\)
1) Với \(x\le\frac{2}{3}\Rightarrow2-3x\ge0\)
Khi đó ,áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM cho 2 số ta được:
\(\left(2-3x\right)+\frac{9}{2-3x}\ge2\sqrt{\left(2-3x\right)\frac{9}{2-3x}}=2.3=6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2+\left(2-3x\right)+\frac{9}{2-3x}\ge2+6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4-3x+\frac{9}{2-3x}\ge8\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(2-3x=\frac{9}{2-3x}\Leftrightarrow\left(2-3x\right)^2=9\Leftrightarrow2-3x=3\Leftrightarrow x=-\frac{1}{3}\)( vì 2-3x>0)
Bài 1:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(1=\left(a+b+c\right)^2=\left[a+\left(b+c\right)\right]^2\ge4a\left(b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow b+c\ge4a\left(b+c\right)^2\). Và \(\left(b+c\right)^2\ge4bc\)
\(\Rightarrow b+c\ge4a\left(b+c\right)^2\ge4a\cdot4bc=16abc\)
Bài 2:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel ta có:
\(VT=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{4}{c}+\dfrac{16}{d}=\dfrac{1^2}{a}+\dfrac{1^2}{b}+\dfrac{2^2}{c}+\dfrac{4^2}{d}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1+2+4\right)^2}{a+b+c+d}=\dfrac{8^2}{a+b+c+d}=64=VP\)
Bài 1 :Áp dụng Bất Đẳng Thức (x+y)² ≥ 4xy cho hai số không âm có
1 = (a + b+ c)² ≥ 4a(b + c)
--> b + c ≥ 4a(b + c)²
Mà (b + c)² ≥ 4bc
Vậy b + c ≥ 16abc.
Bài 2 bạn Ace Legona làm ròi mình ko làm lại
Chúc bạn học tốt ![]()
cách khác
Chứng minh điều ngược lại
Câu 2: phần (b)
\(A=\left(a+b\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{ab}\)
Để tồn tại A => a,b khác 0
\(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge0\forall a,b\in R\)
\(ab>0\) có một chút hy vọng \(A\ge4\)
ab< 0 tắt hét hy vọng \(A\ge4\)
Kết luận chẳng hy vọng gì
cần face với thực tế Quý Minh mình đã giải thích cho bạn thế nào là face đó
\(1.\) Giả sử : \(a\ge b\ge c\Rightarrow a+b\ge a+c\ge b+c\)
Ta có : \(\dfrac{c}{a+b}\le\dfrac{c}{b+c};\dfrac{b}{a+c}\le\dfrac{b}{b+c};\dfrac{a}{b+c}=\dfrac{a}{b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{c}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{a+c}+\dfrac{a}{b+c}\le\dfrac{b+c}{b+c}+\dfrac{a}{b+c}=1+\dfrac{a}{b+c}< 1+1=2\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(2.\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{yz+xz+xy}{xyz}=\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+xz\right)=xyz\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2y+x^2z+xy^2+y^2z+xyz+xyz+yz^2+xz^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy\left(x+y+z\right)+yz\left(x+y+z\right)+xz\left(x+z\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)y\left(x+z\right)+xz\left(x+z\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+z\right)\left(xy+y^2+yz+xz\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-y\\y=-z\\x=-z\end{matrix}\right.\)
+) Với : \(x=-y\) , ta có :
Đpcm \(\Leftrightarrow-\dfrac{1}{y^{2011}}+\dfrac{1}{y^{2011}}+\dfrac{1}{z^{2011}}=\dfrac{1}{-y^{2011}+y^{2011}+z^{2011}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{z^{2011}}=\dfrac{1}{z^{2011}}\left(luôn-đúng\right)\)
Tương tự với 2 TH còn lại .
\(\RightarrowĐCPM\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(\left(1^2+1^2+1^2\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2=9^2\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge9\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge3\)
Lại có: \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ac\forall a,b,c\)
\(\Rightarrow3\ge ab+bc+ac\Rightarrow ab+bc+ac\le3\)
Bất đẳng thức ban đầu tương đương với:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{a\left(b^2+1\right)}+\dfrac{b^2}{b\left(c^2+1\right)}+\dfrac{c^2}{c\left(a^2+1\right)}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel ta có:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{a\left(b^2+1\right)}+\dfrac{b^2}{b\left(c^2+1\right)}+\dfrac{c^2}{c\left(a^2+1\right)}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a\left(b^2+1\right)+b\left(c^2+1\right)+c\left(a^2+1\right)}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a\left(b^2+1\right)\ge a\cdot2\sqrt{b^2}=2ba\\b\left(c^2+1\right)\ge b\cdot2\sqrt{c^2}=2cb\\c\left(a^2+1\right)\ge c\cdot2\sqrt{a^2}=2ac\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{a\left(b^2+1\right)}+\dfrac{b^2}{b\left(c^2+1\right)}+\dfrac{c^2}{c\left(a^2+1\right)}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
Mà \(ab+bc+ca\le3\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\cdot3}=\dfrac{9}{6}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(VT=\dfrac{a}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{b}{c^2+1}+\dfrac{c}{a^2+1}\)
\(VT=a-\dfrac{ab^2}{b^2+1}+b-\dfrac{bc^2}{c^2+1}+c-\dfrac{ca^2}{a^2+1}\)
\(VT=3-\left(\dfrac{ab^2}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{bc^2}{c^2+1}+\dfrac{ca^2}{a^2+1}\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b^2+1\ge2\sqrt{b^2}=2b\\c^2+1\ge2\sqrt{c^2}=2c\\a^2+1\ge2\sqrt{a^2}=2a\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{ab^2}{b^2+1}\le\dfrac{ab^2}{2b}=\dfrac{ab}{2}\\\dfrac{bc^2}{c^2+1}\le\dfrac{bc^2}{2c}=\dfrac{bc}{2}\\\dfrac{ca^2}{a^2+1}\le\dfrac{ca^2}{2a}=\dfrac{ca}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{ab^2}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{bc^2}{c^2+1}+\dfrac{ca^2}{a^2+1}\le\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow3-\left(\dfrac{ab^2}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{bc^2}{c^2+1}+\dfrac{ca^2}{a^2+1}\right)\ge3-\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\) (1)
Theo hệ quả của bất đẳng thức Cauchy
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow3\ge ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{3}{2}\ge\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{3}{2}\le3-\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\)(2)
Từ (1) và (2)
\(\Rightarrow3-\left(\dfrac{ab^2}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{bc^2}{c^2+1}+\dfrac{ca^2}{a^2+1}\right)\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{b}{c^2+1}+\dfrac{c}{a^2+1}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\) ( đpcm )
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Bài 1:
Áp dụng BĐt cauchy dạng phân thức:
\(\dfrac{1}{2x+y}+\dfrac{1}{x+2y}\ge\dfrac{4}{3\left(x+y\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(3x+3y\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2x+y}+\dfrac{1}{x+2y}\right)\ge\left(3x+3y\right).\dfrac{4}{3x+3y}=4\)
dấu = xảy ra khi 2x+y=x+2y <=> x=y
Bài 2:
ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{d}\ge\dfrac{4^2}{a+b+c+d}=\dfrac{16}{a+b+c+d}\)(theo BĐt cauchy-schwarz)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a+b+c+d}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{d}\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT trên vào bài toán ta có:
\(A=\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b+2c}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{2}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\right)\)\(A\le\dfrac{1}{16}.4\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
......
dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c
Bài 2:
Áp dụng BĐT cauchy cho 2 số dương:
\(a^2+1\ge2a\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{a^2+1}\le\dfrac{a}{2a}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
thiết lập tương tự:\(\dfrac{b}{b^2+1}\le\dfrac{1}{2};\dfrac{c}{c^2+1}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)
cả 2 vế các BĐT đều dương ,cộng vế với vế,ta có dpcm
dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
a)ĐK: a>0 b>0 nhé bạn đề thiếu
(a-b)2\(\ge\)0
<=>a2+b2\(\ge\)2ab
<=>a2+2ab+b2\(\ge\)4ab
<=>(a+b)2\(\ge\)4ab
<=>\(\dfrac{a+b}{ab}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\)
<=>\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> (a-b)2=0<=>a=b
=>A\(\ge\)\(\left(a+b\right)\dfrac{4}{a+b}=4\)(đpcm)
b)\(B=\dfrac{a+b}{c}+\dfrac{b+c}{a}+\dfrac{a+c}{b}=\left(\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)+\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{b}\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức cosi x+y\(\ge\)2\(\sqrt{xy}\)cho 2 số dương x;y ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{ac}{ca}}=2\)
\(\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{b}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{bc}{cb}}=2\)
\(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{ba}}=2\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi:\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{c}{a}\\\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{b}\\\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{a}\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)a=b=c
=>B\(\ge2+2+2=6\)(đpcm)
\(\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3}\ge\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\) (đúng)
\(\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3}\ge\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}^{ }\right)^2\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3}\ge\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ac}{9}\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3a^2+3b^2+3c^2-a^2-b^2-c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc}{9}\ge0\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc}{9}\ge0\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-2\left(ab+ac+bc\right)}{9}\ge0\)
mà ta có:
\(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ac\\ \Rightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\ge0\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{9}\ge0\)
Vậy \(\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3}\ge\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}\right)^2\)
Từ \(p=\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\Rightarrow2p=a+b+c\)
Áp dụng BĐT \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{a+b}=\dfrac{4}{a+b}\) ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{p-a}+\dfrac{1}{p-b}\ge\dfrac{4}{p-a+p-b}=\dfrac{4}{2q-a-b}\)
\(=\dfrac{4}{a+b+c-a-b}=\dfrac{4}{c}\). Tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại:
\(\dfrac{1}{p-b}+\dfrac{1}{p-c}\ge\dfrac{4}{a};\dfrac{1}{p-c}+\dfrac{1}{p-a}\ge\dfrac{4}{b}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(2\left(\dfrac{1}{p-a}+\dfrac{1}{p-b}+\dfrac{1}{p-c}\right)\ge4\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{p-a}+\dfrac{1}{p-b}+\dfrac{1}{p-c}\ge2\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)