Sentence Transformation 
1. It is the most interesting novel I've ever read. 
-> I have 
2. We haven't seen each other since 1981. 
-> It was in 1981 that 
3. I came to London 10 years ago. 
-> I haven't 
4. I'm sorry now that i asked her to stay 
-> Now I wish 
5. It's a long time since our last conversation. 
-> We 
6. Jack went to Vietnam in 2002. He returned home in 2005. 
-> Jack 
7. How long have you been living in this new house? 
-> When 
8. We were late because of the heavy traffic. 
-> If it 
9. This is Jame. He helped me solve that problem. 
-> Jame is 
10. Mexico city is more densely populated than Tokyo. 
-> Tokyo is not 
11. Sydney is large than any other city in Australia. 
-> Sydney is

1. This plane could get over the mountain if it rose to 10000 feet . This means it ........... over the mountain

a: would succeed in getting b. got c. was able to get d. had got

2: The plane was then able to rise . This means it ........

a. could rise b. might rise c. might succeed in rising d. rose

3. Byrd knew that he would be able to reach the South Pole . It would be ...........

a. impossible b. necessary c. able d. possible

4. He ought not .... him but he did

a. to tell b. to telling c. tell d. to have told

5. I'd rather you .......... that

a.do b. don't do c. won't do d. didn't

6. ............... run so fast ? a. dose he need b. need he to c. need he d. needs he

7. He didn't need ........... out of his room in Moscow .

a. go b. to going c. going d. to go

8.I could not ... it even thought i had wanted to do so

a. had bought b. buy c. buying d. have bought

9. I left my pen this box , but it isn't there now . Someone ....... it

a. must have taken b. must take c. had to take d. had taken

10. Marry received 100 dolars from her sister . she.......... the ring she she wanted . It only cocts 10 dollars

a. buys b. had bought c. bought d. might have bought

11. It lost my honda last week . I hadn't locked it . You ....... it

a. should lock b. should have locked c. ought to lock d. could lock

12. In 1900 the word had no deaths from rabies . Scientists ........ wonderful vaccine .

a. has discovered b. discovered c. must have discovered d. should have discover

I. Circle the word that is pronounced differently from the others.
1. bear leave peace cheap
2. near here ear meat
3. hair chair rain air
4. tour pour four thought
5. gulf hunt sure current
II. Complete the sentences with the words in the box.
challenged discoveries overcome investigating contribution
covered conservation entrapment maintained migrate
1. Scientists have made many important new.......... of the depth by using modern devices.
2. Community police have made a very positive ................to crime prevention.
3. This new discovery traditional beliefs. Some whales are known to.............into warm
waters to bear their calves.
5. Seventy-five percent of the earth surface is .............by water.
6. Unless the biodiversity were.............marine life would be at stake.
7. Scientists are.....................how the crash occurred.
8. Sperm whale populations are at risk due to hunting and their accidental in
..............fishing nets.
9. What can I do to.................my fear of flying?
10. The government has just set up a wildlife....................project.
III. Choose the word or phrase that could best explain the underlined word or phrase
in each sentence.
1. If modern technology did not exist, we would never have such precious information.
A. valuable B. precise C. confidential D. detailed
2. Some marine animals are dangerous to humans.
A. living in the mountain B. living in the ocean
C. living in the forest D. living in the house
3. The floor was covered in tiny pieces of paper.
A. unimportant B. many C. very large D. extremely small
4. Sperm whales and sharks are carnivores.
A. animals that live in the sea B. animals that only eat plants
C. fish that aren't born from eggs D. animals that eat meat
5. We enjoyed the warm water of the Gulf of Thailand.
A. a small sea
B. a large area of ocean almost surrounded by land
C. a part of the sea enclosed by a wide curve of the shore
D. a large area of water surrounded by land
IV. Complete these sentences with should/ shouldn't + infinitive (or a passive form)
using one of these verbs: include, keep, meet, refrigerate-ate, stay, break, tell, warn,
take, play.
1. Those boys ................... football on the street. It's very dangerous.
2. This medicine ................... in a cool place.
3. You...............him about this deal. It's supposed to be absolutely confidential.
4. Here's someone you really .....................

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5. She................. in bed all day unless she's ill.
6. According to the label, the jam................ after opening.
7. You'll catch cold if you go out like that. I think you ...........a hat.
8. People ................of the danger of swimming off this beach.
9. This information you send ............. details of courses taken at university.
10. People ....................their promises.
V. Give advice to the following people. Use I think ... should or I don't think ... should
and one of these phrases.
go to the dentist take them back to the shop
tell your bank wait
go to work tell them to buy fruit
drive be more careful
write to people work so hard
1. Kate is crying because I knocked her over. We were playing a game.
_____________________________________________________
2. Peter's got a very bad colD.
_____________________________________________________
3. Ann's phone bill was enormous! Three hundred pounds!
_____________________________________________________
4. Keith wants to drive home, but he hasn't got his glasses.
_____________________________________________________
5. I've lost my cheque book and credit cards.
_____________________________________________________
6. My children spend all their pocket money on sweets.
_____________________________________________________
VI. Comment on these situations. Use a type 2 conditional.
1. Alan always overeats at lunch because he never eats breakfast.
If Alan cite breakfast, he wouldn't overeat at lunch.
2. I don't know enough about the machine, so I can't mend it myself.
__________________________________________________________________
3. I don't ride the bus to work every morning because it's always so crowded.
_________________________________________________________________
4. Not enough money is spent on cancer research, so a prevention has not been found.
_________________________________________________________________
5. The wind is blowing harD. so I won't take the boat out for a ride.
_________________________________________________________________
6. Nick can't find the way because he hasn't got a map.
_________________________________________________________________
7. I can't look the word up because I haven't got a dictionary.
_________________________________________________________________
8. Linus is smart, so he finds clever solutions to life's problems.
_________________________________________________________________
VII. Choose the correct completion.
1. I'm not an astronaut. If I...........an astronaut, I ................. my camera with me on the
rocket ship.

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A. am/ will take B. was/ would take
C. were/ had taken D. was/ would have taken
2. Don't throw aerosol into a fire. An aerosol .......... if you ................ it into a fire.
A. will be exploded/ throw B. would explode/ threw
C. explodes/ will .throw D. can explode/ throw
3. That sounds like a good offer. I.................it if I................you.
A. had accepted/ were B. will accept/ am
C. would accept/ were D. accepted' were
4. Nora is using my car right now. If she................ it back in time. Your welcome to
borrow it.
A. brought .B. would bring C. will bring D. brings
3. If energy ......................inexpensive and unlimited, many things in the world would be
different.
A. is B. was C. had been D. would be
5. If you ............... all of my questions, I ...................... anything to help you.
A. don't answer/ can't do B. didn't answer/ won't do
C. wouldn't answer/ can't do B. wouldn't answer/ couldn't do
4. If I ................... wings,....................... take an airplane to fly home.
A. have/ won't have to B. had/ wouldn't have
C. have/ will have to D. had/ didn't have to
5. 'Here's my phone' number.
'Thanks, I ................you a call if I .................... some help.
A. will give/ will need B. would give/ needed
C. give/ need D. will give/ need
6. If we .......................serious about pollution, we ...................... more money on research.
A. had been/ spent B. were/ had spent
C. were/ would spend D. are/ will spend
7. Sea water is salty. If the oceans.................of fresh water, there ............. plenty of water
to irrigate all of the deserts in the worlD.
A. consisted/ would be B. consisted/ were
C. would consist/ could be D. consist/ will be

Fools and horses in the market,

Horses breathe too much.

Tricked: "You do not very thing!

I'm new here!

He gave me a bag

I think twice as much as you

I have to pour him

A new cover is equal! "

Ask a donkey, how many horses to carry?

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