\(x^2 + y^2 + xy = 3\)

=>\(x^2+y^2+2xy-xy=3\)

=>\(\left(x+y\right)^2=xy+3\)

Đặt v=xy

=>\(\left(x+y\right)^2=v+3\)

\(S = x^4 + xy + y^4\)

\(=(x^2+y^2)^2-2x^2y^2+xy=\left(3-v\right)^2-2v^2+v\)

\(=v^2-6v+9-2v^2+v=-v^2-5v+9\)

Điều kiện để tồn tại hai số thực x,y thỏa mãn u=x+y và v=xy là \(u^2\ge4v\)

=>3+v>=4v

=>3>=3v

=>v<=1

\(u^2=3+v\ge0\)

=>v>=-3

=>-3<=v<=1

Xét hàm số \(f(v) = -v^2 - 5v + 9\) trên tập [-3;1]

f'(v)=-2v-5

Đặt f'(v)=0

=>-2v-5=0

=>2v+5=0

=>v=-5/2∈[-3;1]

\(f(-2.5) = -(-2.5)^2 - 5(-2.5) + 9 = -6.25 + 12.5 + 9 = 15.25 = \frac{61}{4}\)

\(f(-3) = -(-3)^2 - 5(-3) + 9 = -9 + 15 + 9 = 15\)

\(f(1) = -(1)^2 - 5(1) + 9 = -1 - 5 + 9 = 3\)

Do đó: f(v) max=61/4 khi v=-2,5; f(v) min=3 khi v=1

=>S max=61/4; S min=3

\(Ta \) \(có : x^2 +y^2 +xy = 1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(xy = 1 - x^2 - y^2\)

\(Thay \)  \(xy = 1 - x^2 - y^2 \)  \(vào \)  \(P , ta \) \(được :\)

\(P = 1 - x^2 -y^2\)

\(P = 1 - ( x^2 +y^2 )\)

\(P = - ( x^2 +y^2 )+ 1\)\(\le\)\(1\)

\(Dấu "=" xảy \) \(ra\)  \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(x^2+y^2 =0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(x = 0 \) \(và\)  \(y = 0\)

\(Max \)  \(P = 1 \)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(x = 0 ; y = 0\)

Ta có: \((x + y)xy = x^2 + y^2 - xy \quad (1)\)

\(M = \frac{x^3 + y^3}{x^3 y^3} = \frac{(x + y)(x^2 - xy + y^2)}{(xy)^3}\)

(1): \(\left(x+y\right)\cdot xy=x^2+y^2-xy\)

Do đó: \(M=\frac{xy\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y\right)}{\left(xy\right)^3}=\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{\left(xy\right)^2}\)

Đặt \(t = \frac{x + y}{xy} = \frac{1}{x} + \frac{1}{y}\)

=>\(M=t^2\)

(1): \((x + y)xy = x^2 + y^2 - xy\)

=>\((x+y)xy=(x+y)^2-3xy\)

=>\(\frac{x + y}{xy} = \left(\frac{x + y}{xy}\right)^2 - \frac{3}{xy}\)

=>\(t=t^2-\frac{3}{xy}\iff\frac{3}{xy}=t^2-t\iff xy=\frac{3}{t^2 - t}\)

\(\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\)

=>\(\left(t\cdot xy\right)^2\ge4xy\)

=>\(t^2\cdot\left(xy\right)^2-4xy\ge0\)

=>xy\(\left(t\cdot xy-4\right)\) >=0

=>\(\frac{3}{t^2 - t} \left(t^2 \cdot \frac{3}{t^2 - t} - 4\right) \ge 0\)

=>\(\frac{3}{t^2 - t}\left(\frac{3t^2 - 4(t^2 - t)}{t^2 - t}\right)\ge0\)

=>\(\frac{3(4t - t^2)}{(t^2 - t)^2}\ge0\)

=>\(4t-t^2\ge0\)

=>\(t^2-4t\le0\)

=>t(t-4)<=0

=>0<t<=4

=>t∈(0;4]

\(M = t^2 \le 4^2 = 16\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi t=4

=>\(xy=\frac{3}{4^2 - 4}=\frac{3}{12}=\frac{1}{4};x+y=t\cdot xy=1\)

=>x,y là các nghiệm của phương trình:

\(A^2-A+\frac14=0\)

=>\(\left(A-\frac12\right)^2=0\)

=>A-1/2=0

=>A=1/2

=>x=y=1/2

\(B=\dfrac{1}{x^3+y^3}+\dfrac{1}{xy\left(x+y\right)}=\dfrac{1}{x^3+y^3}+\dfrac{3}{3xy\left(x+y\right)}\)

\(B\ge\dfrac{\left(1+\sqrt{3}\right)^2}{x^3+y^3+3xy\left(x+y\right)}=\dfrac{4+2\sqrt{3}}{\left(x+y\right)^3}=4+2\sqrt{3}\)

\(B_{min}=4+2\sqrt{3}\) khi \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(\dfrac{3+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt[4]{12}}{6+2\sqrt{3}};\dfrac{3+\sqrt{3}+\sqrt[4]{12}}{6+2\sqrt{3}}\right)\) và hoán vị

Lời giải:

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Shwarz:

$B=\frac{1}{x^3+y^3}+\frac{1}{xy}=\frac{1}{(x+y)^3-3xy(x+y)}+\frac{1}{xy}$

$=\frac{1}{1-3xy}+\frac{1}{xy}=\frac{1}{1-3xy}+\frac{3}{3xy}$

$\geq \frac{(1+\sqrt{3})^2}{1-3xy+3xy}=(1+\sqrt{3})^2$

Vậy $B_{\min}=(1+\sqrt{3})^2$

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $xy=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}$

\(2\sqrt{xy}\le x+y\le1\Rightarrow\sqrt{xy}\le\frac{1}{2}\Rightarrow xy\le\frac{1}{4}\Rightarrow\frac{1}{xy}\ge4\)

\(A=xy+\frac{1}{xy}=xy+\frac{1}{16xy}+\frac{15}{16xy}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{xy}{16xy}}+\frac{15}{16}.4=\frac{17}{4}\)

\(\Rightarrow A_{min}=\frac{17}{4}\) khi \(x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)

b/ \(2y=xy-x=x\left(y-1\right)\Rightarrow x=\frac{2y}{y-1}=2+\frac{2}{y-1}\)

Đồng thời \(x;y>0\Rightarrow2y=x\left(y-1\right)>0\Rightarrow y-1>0\)

\(\Rightarrow S=2+\frac{2}{y-1}+2y=4+\frac{2}{y-1}+2\left(y-1\right)\ge4+2\sqrt{\frac{4\left(y-1\right)}{y-1}}=8\)

\(\Rightarrow S_{min}=8\) khi \(\frac{2}{y-1}=2\left(y-1\right)\Rightarrow y=2\Rightarrow x=4\)

c/ \(x+y+xy\ge7\Leftrightarrow x\left(y+1\right)\ge7-y\Leftrightarrow x\ge\frac{7-y}{y+1}=\frac{8}{y+1}-1\)

\(\Rightarrow S=x+2y\ge2y+\frac{8}{y+1}-1=2\left(y+1\right)+\frac{8}{y+1}-3\)

\(\Rightarrow S\ge2\sqrt{\frac{16\left(y+1\right)}{y+1}}-3=5\)

\(\Rightarrow S_{min}=5\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=1\\x=5\end{matrix}\right.\)