xét từng TH của x,y,z

Vì $x+y+z=3$ nên $y+z=3-x,\quad x+z=3-y,\quad x+y=3-z.$

Do đó $P=\dfrac1{x^2+3-x}+\dfrac1{y^2+3-y}+\dfrac1{z^2+3-z}.$

Với $0<x<3$, ta có $\dfrac1{x^2+3-x}\le\dfrac{4-x}{9}$ vì $\dfrac{4-x}{9}-\dfrac1{x^2+3-x}$

$=\dfrac{(4-x)(x^2-x+3)-9}{9(x^2-x+3)}$

$=\dfrac{-(x-3)(x-1)^2}{9(x^2-x+3)}\ge0.$

Tương tự, $\dfrac1{y^2+3-y}\le\dfrac{4-y}{9}$

$\dfrac1{z^2+3-z}\le\dfrac{4-z}{9}.$

Suy ra $P\le\dfrac{4-x}{9}+\dfrac{4-y}{9}+\dfrac{4-z}{9}$$=\dfrac{12-(x+y+z)}9$$=\dfrac{12-3}{9}$$=1.$

Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $x=y=z=1.$

Khi đó $P=\dfrac13+\dfrac13+\dfrac13=1.$

Vậy $P_{\max}=1.$

Đặt \(P=xyz\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(x+y\right)^2z=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(x+y\right)^2\left(2016-x-y\right)\)

Do \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge2\\y\ge9\\z\ge1951\\x+y=2016-z\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow11\le x+y\le65\)

Đặt \(x+y=a\Rightarrow11\le a\le65\)

\(4P\le a^2\left(2016-a\right)=-a^3+2016a^2-8242975+8242975\)

\(4P\le\left(65-a\right)\left[\left(a^2-65^2\right)-1951\left(a-11\right)-144051\right]+8242975\le8242975\)

\(\Rightarrow P\le\dfrac{8242975}{4}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=y=\dfrac{65}{2}\\z=1951\end{matrix}\right.\)

Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si với ba số x,y,z không âm :

\(\dfrac{x+y+z}{3}\ge\sqrt[3]{xyz}\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{2016}{3}= 672\ge\sqrt[3]{xyz}\\ \Leftrightarrow xyz \le(672)^3\\ \)

Dấu = xảy ra khi x = y = z = 672

Vậy GTLN của xyz là 672³ khi x = y = z = 672