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ta có bđt phụ 1: với mọi số thực x;y ta luôn có xy\(\le\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}\)
CM: \(\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\)
=> \(x^2-2xy+y^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+2xy+y^2\ge4xy\)
\(\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\)
=> \(xy\le\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}\)
ta CM tiếp bđt phụ thứ 2: với mọi số thực dương a, ta có \(a\left(1+a^2\right)\le\frac{\left(a+1\right)^2}{8}\)
CM: áp dụng bđt phụ thứ nhất ta có:
\(2a\left(1+a^2\right)\le\frac{\left\lbrack2a+\left(1+a^2\right)\right\rbrack^2}{4}=\frac{\left(a^2+2a+1\right)^2}{4}=\frac{\left(a+1\right)^4}{4}\)
=> \(a\left(1+a^2\right)\le\frac{\left(a+1\right)^4}{8}\)
CMTT: => \(b\left(1+b^2\right)\le\frac{\left(b+1\right)^4}{8}\)
=> \(c\left(1+c^2\right)\le\frac{\left(c+1\right)^4}{8}\)
=> \(abc\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)\left(1+c^2\right)\le\frac{\left\lbrack\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)\right\rbrack^4}{512}\)
=> cần CM: \(\frac{\left\lbrack\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)\right\rbrack^4}{512}\le8\Rightarrow\left(\left\lbrack a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)\right\rbrack^4\le8^4\)
mà ta có : \(\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\le\frac{\left(a+1+b+1\right)^2}{4}=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{4}\)
vì a+b+c=3
=>a+b=3-c thay vào biểu thức trên ta có:
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\le\frac{\left(3-c+2\right)^2}{4}=\frac{\left(5-c\right)^2}{4}\)
=>\(\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)\le\frac{\left(5-c\right)^2\left(c+1\right)}{4}\)
cần CM: \(\frac{\left(5-c\right)^2\left(c+1\right)}{4}\le8\Rightarrow\left(5-c\right)^2\left(c+1\right)\le32\)
\(\left(25-10c+c^2\right)\left(c+1\right)\le32\)
\(25c+25-10c^2-10c+c^3+c^2-32\le0\)
\(c^3-9c^2+15c-7\le0\)
\(c^3-c^2-8c^2+8c+7c-7\le0\)
\(c^2\left(c-1\right)-8c\left(c-1\right)+7\left(c-1\right)\le0\)
\(\left(c-1\right)\left(c^2-8c+7\right)\le0\)
\(\left(c-1\right)\left\lbrack c\left(c-1\right)-7\left(c-1\right)\right\rbrack\le0\)
\(\left(c-1\right)^2\left(c-7\right)\le0\)
vì a+b+c=3
=>0<c<3
=> \(\left(c-1\right)^2\left(c-7\right)\le0\) đúng với mọi c
vậy bđt dc chứng minh
thử bài bất :D
Ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{a}{2}+\dfrac{a}{2}+\dfrac{a}{2}+\dfrac{b+c}{4}\ge5\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}.\dfrac{a^3}{2^3}.\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)}{4}}=\dfrac{5}{2}\) ( AM-GM cho 5 số ) (*)
Hoàn toàn tương tự:
\(\dfrac{1}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{b}{2}+\dfrac{b}{2}+\dfrac{b}{2}+\dfrac{c+a}{4}\ge5\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{1}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}.\dfrac{b^3}{2^3}.\dfrac{\left(c+a\right)}{4}}=\dfrac{5}{2}\) (AM-GM cho 5 số) (**)
\(\dfrac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{c}{2}+\dfrac{c}{2}+\dfrac{c}{2}+\dfrac{a+b}{4}\ge5\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}.\dfrac{c^3}{2^3}.\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)}{4}}=\dfrac{5}{2}\) (AM-GM cho 5 số) (***)
Cộng (*),(**),(***) vế theo vế ta được:
\(P+\dfrac{3}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)+\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{4}\ge\dfrac{15}{2}\) \(\Leftrightarrow P+2\left(a+b+c\right)\ge\dfrac{15}{2}\)
Mà: \(a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}=3\) ( AM-GM 3 số )
Từ đây: \(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{15}{2}-2\left(a+b+c\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
1. \(a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3=2\left(c^3-d^3\right)+c^3+d^3=3c^3-d^3\) :D
Đặt \(P=\dfrac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(P=\dfrac{\left(abc\right)^2}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{\left(abc\right)^2}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{\left(abc\right)^2}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(P=\dfrac{\left(bc\right)^2}{a\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{\left(ca\right)^2}{b\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{\left(ab\right)^2}{c\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(P\ge\dfrac{\left(bc+ca+ab\right)^2}{a\left(b+c\right)+b\left(c+a\right)+c\left(a+b\right)}\) (BĐT B.C.S)
\(=\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\) \(\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt[3]{abbcca}}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\) (do \(abc=1\)).
ĐTXR \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
\(\frac{a}{2b+a}+\frac{b}{2c+b}+\frac{c}{2a+c}=\frac{a^2}{2ab+a^2}+\frac{b^2}{2bc+b^2}+\frac{c^2}{2ca+c^2}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2ab+a^2+2bc+b^2+2ca+c^2}=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(abc=1\Rightarrow\left(abc\right)^2=a^2b^2c^2=1\Rightarrow a^2=\frac{1}{b^2c^2}\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}=\frac{b^2c^2}{a\left(b+c\right)}=\frac{\left(bc\right)^2}{ab+ac}\)
Chứng minh tương tự ta có: \(\frac{1}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}=\frac{\left(ca\right)^2}{bc+ba};\frac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}=\frac{\left(ab\right)^2}{ca+cb}\)
=> \(\frac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}=\frac{\left(ab\right)^2}{bc+ca}+\frac{\left(bc\right)^2}{ab+ca}+\frac{\left(ca\right)^2}{ab+bc}\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel: \(\frac{\left(ab\right)^2}{bc+ca}+\frac{\left(bc\right)^2}{ab+ca}+\frac{\left(ca\right)^2}{ab+bc}\ge\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{bc+ca+ab+ca+ab+bc}=\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\)
Tiếp tục áp dụng bđt Cauchy với 3 số dương ta được: \(\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\ge\frac{3\sqrt[3]{ab.bc.ca}}{2}=\frac{3\sqrt[3]{\left(abc\right)^2}}{2}=\frac{3\sqrt[3]{1}}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
=> \(\frac{\left(ab\right)^2}{bc+ca}+\frac{\left(bc\right)^2}{ab+ca}+\frac{\left(ca\right)^2}{ab+bc}\ge\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)