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Bài này rất dài dòng nhưng cũng rất quen.
https://diendantoanhoc.net/topic/153766-bổ-đề-hoán-vị/
Bích Ngọc Huỳnh & erone - anotherway
Ta sẽ tìm hàm số \(f\left(q\right)\) sao cho
\(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\ge f(q) \forall a,b,c>0.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \sum \dfrac{a}{b}+\sum \dfrac{b}{a}\ge 2f(q)+\sum \dfrac{b}{a}-\sum \dfrac{a}{b} \)
Or \(\sum ab(a+b)-2abc\cdot f(q)\ge (a-b)(b-c)(c-a)\)
Need to pro \(\sum ab(a+b)-2abc\cdot f(q)\ge \sqrt{(a-b)^2(b-c)^2(c-a)^2}.\)
Đặt \(p=a+b+c,q=ab+bc+ca,r=abc\)
\((pq-3r)-2f(q)\cdot r \ge \sqrt{p^2q^2+18pqr-27r^2-4q^3-4p^3r}\)
\(p=1 \) have; \((q-3r)-2f(q)\cdot r \ge \sqrt{q^2+18qr-27r^2-4q^3-4r}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\((27+k^2)r^2+2(2-kq-9q)r+4q^3 \ge 0\)
\(\Delta_r ‘=(2-kq-9q)^2-4q^3(27+k^2) \)
\(=q^2(1-4q)k^2+2q(9q-2)k+(9q-2)^2-108q^3\)
Cho\(\Delta_r ‘=0 \) tìm dc \(k=\dfrac{2-9q\pm 4\sqrt{q(1-3q)^3}}{q(1-4q)}.\)
Ta chọn \(k=\dfrac{2-9q+ 4\sqrt{q(1-3q)^3}}{q(1-4q)}\). do đó \(f(q)=\dfrac{k-3}{2}=\dfrac{1-6q+6q^2+ 2\sqrt{q(1-3q)^3}}{q(1-4q)}\)
Suy ra
\( 1-6q+6q^2+ 2\sqrt{q(1-3q)^3}=\left[2\sqrt{q(1-3q)^3}-2(9q^2-2q)\right]+(24q^2-10q+1)\\ \)
\(=2\cdot \dfrac{q(1-3q)^3-(9q^2-2q)^2}{\sqrt{q(1-3q)^3}+2(9q^2-2q)}+(4q-1)(6q-1)\\ \)
\(=2\cdot \dfrac{q(1-4q)(27q^2-9q+1)}{\sqrt{q(1-3q)^3}+2(9q^2-2q)}+(4q-1)(6q-1)\)
Vậy \(f(q)=\dfrac{2(27q^2-9q+1)}{\sqrt{q(1-3q)^3}+2(9q^2-2q)}+\dfrac{1-6q}{q}\)
3/ Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM, ta có :
\(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(ab\right)^2}{\left(bc\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2a}{c}\)
\(\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(bc\right)^2}{\left(ac\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2b}{a}\)
\(\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(ac\right)^2}{\left(ab\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2c}{b}\)
Cộng 3 vế của BĐT trên ta có :
\(2\left(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\right)\ge2\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\ge\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\left(\text{đpcm}\right)\)
Bài 1:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a^2+bc}+\frac{1}{b^2+ac}+\frac{1}{c^2+ab}\leq \frac{1}{2\sqrt{a^2.bc}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{b^2.ac}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{c^2.ab}}=\frac{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}}{2abc}\)
Tiếp tục áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{ab}\leq \frac{b+c}{2}+\frac{c+a}{2}+\frac{a+b}{2}=a+b+c\)
Do đó:
\(\frac{1}{a^2+bc}+\frac{1}{b^2+ac}+\frac{1}{c^2+ab}\leq \frac{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}}{2abc}\leq \frac{a+b+c}{2abc}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c$
câu 1: \(VT=\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{a+c}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\)
3.
\(\dfrac{2a^2}{b^2}+2\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+2\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\ge2\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)\)
áp dụng bất đẳng thức cosi
+ \(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}\ge2\dfrac{a}{c}\)
......
tương tự với 2 cái sau
\(S=\left(1+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)=\dfrac{a+1}{a}.\dfrac{b+1}{b}\)
\(=\dfrac{a+a+b}{a}.\dfrac{b+a+b}{b}=\dfrac{2a+b}{a}.\dfrac{a+2b}{b}\)
\(=\dfrac{2a^2+4ab+ab+2b^2}{ab}=\dfrac{2\left(a^2+2ab+b^2\right)}{ab}+\dfrac{ab}{ab}\)
\(=\dfrac{2}{ab}+1\)
Ta có \(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+2ab\ge0\Rightarrow2ab\le a^2+b^2\)
\(\Rightarrow4ab\le\left(a+b\right)^2=1\Rightarrow ab\le\dfrac{1}{4}\Rightarrow\dfrac{2}{ab}\ge8\Rightarrow\dfrac{2}{ab}+1\ge9\)
hay S>=9
Dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=1/2
vậy minS=9 khi a=b=1/2