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\(N=\frac{a}{1+b^2c}+\frac{b}{1+c^2d}+\frac{c}{1+d^2a}+\frac{d}{1+a^2b}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy ta có:
\(\frac{a}{1+b^2c}=a-\frac{ab^2c}{1+b^2c}\)
\(\ge a-\frac{ab^2c}{2b\sqrt{c}}=a-\frac{ab\sqrt{c}}{2}=a-\frac{b\sqrt{ac}\sqrt{a}}{2}\)
\(\ge a-\frac{b\left(ac+c\right)}{4}\).Suy ra \(\frac{a}{1+b^2c}\ge a-\frac{1}{4}\cdot\left(ab+abc\right)\)
Tương tự ta có:
\(\frac{b}{a+c^2d}\ge b-\frac{1}{4}\left(bc+bcd\right)\)
\(\frac{c}{1+d^2a}\ge c-\frac{1}{4}\left(cd+cda\right)\)
\(\frac{d}{1+a^2b}\ge d-\frac{1}{4}\left(da+dab\right)\)
Do đó: \(S=\frac{a}{1+b^2c}+\frac{b}{1+c^2d}+\frac{c}{1+d^2a}+\frac{d}{1+a^2b}\)
\(\ge a+b+c+d-\frac{1}{4}\left(ab+bc+cd+da+abc+bcd+cda+dab\right)\)
\(=4-\frac{1}{4}\left(ab+bc+cd+da+abc+bcd+cda+dab\right)\)
Ta có:
\(ab+bc+cd+da\le\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2=4\)
\(abc+bcd+cda+dab\le\frac{1}{16}\left(a+b+c+d\right)^3=4\)
nên \(S\ge4-\frac{1}{4}\cdot\left(4+4\right)=2\)(Đpcm)
Dấu = khi \(a=b=c=d=1\)
Bài 2:
Áp dụng Bdt Cauchy-Schwarz dạng engel, ta có
\(VT\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{4\left(ab+ac+ad+bc+bd+cd\right)}\)
Mà theo Bđt cosi
\(\frac{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{4\left(ab+ac+ad+bc+bd+cd\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{2\left[\left(a+b\right)\left(c+d\right)+\left(a+c\right)\left(b+d\right)+\left(a+d\right)\left(b+c\right)\right]}\ge\frac{2}{3}\)
dễ thôi
ta có:
\(\frac{a}{1+b^2c}=a-\frac{ab^2c}{1+b^2c};\frac{b}{1+c^2d}=b-\frac{bc^2d}{1+c^2d};\frac{c}{1+d^2a}=c-\frac{cd^2a}{1+d^2a};\frac{d}{1+a^2b}=d-\frac{da^2b}{1+a^2b}\)
áp dụng cauchy ta có:
\(b^2c+1\ge2b\sqrt{c};c^2d+1\ge2c\sqrt{d};d^2a+1\ge2d\sqrt{a};a^2b+1\ge2a\sqrt{b}\)
\(=4-\frac{ab\sqrt{c}+bc\sqrt{d}+cd\sqrt{a}+da\sqrt{b}}{2}\)
theo ông cauchy thì
\(ab\sqrt{c}\le\frac{ab\left(c+1\right)}{2};bc\sqrt{d}\le\frac{bc\left(d+1\right)}{2};cd\sqrt{a}\le\frac{cd\left(a+1\right)}{2};da\sqrt{b}\le\frac{da\left(b+1\right)}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow4-\frac{ab\sqrt{c}+bc\sqrt{d}+cd\sqrt{a}+da\sqrt{b}}{2}\ge4-\frac{\left(abc+bcd+cda+dab\right)+\left(ab+bc+cd+da\right)}{4}\)
vẫn là ông cauchy nói là \(abc+bcd+cda+dab\le\frac{1}{16}\left(a+b+c+d\right)^3=4\)
\(ab+bc+cd+da=\left(b+d\right)\left(a+c\right)\le\frac{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{4}=4\)
\(\Rightarrow4-\frac{\left(abc+bcd+cda+dab\right)+\left(ab+bc+cd+da\right)}{4}\ge4-\frac{4+4}{4}=2\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{1+b^2c}+\frac{b}{1+c^2d}+\frac{c}{1+d^2a}+\frac{d}{1+a^2b}\ge2\left(Q.E.D\right)\)
dấu bằng xảy ra khi a=b=c=d=1
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{1+b^2c}+\frac{b}{1+c^2d}+\frac{c}{1+d^2a}+\frac{d}{1+a^2b}\ge\left(a+b+c+d\right)-\frac{ab^2c}{2b\sqrt{c}}-\frac{bc^2d}{2c\sqrt{d}}-\frac{cd^2a}{2d\sqrt{a}}-\frac{da^2b}{2a\sqrt{b}}\)
Nếu bài toán ko yêu cầu a, b, c, d >= 1:
\(4=ab+bc+cd+da=\left(a+c\right)\left(b+d\right)\le\frac{\left(a+c+b+d\right)^2}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2\ge16\Rightarrow a+b+c+d\ge4\)
\(\frac{a^4}{a^3+2b^3}=\frac{a\left(a^3+2b^3\right)-2ab^3}{a^3+2b^3}=a-\frac{2ab^3}{a^3+b^3+b^3}\ge a-\frac{2ab^3}{3\sqrt[3]{a^3.b^3.b^3}}=a-\frac{2}{3}b\)
Tương tự với các cụm còn lại, công theo vế và áp dụng \(a+b+c+d\ge4\), ta được đpcm.
Giải:
Áp dụng BĐT AM - GM ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{1+b^2c}=a-\dfrac{ab^2c}{1+b^2c}\ge a-\dfrac{ab^2c}{2b\sqrt{c}}\) \(=a-\dfrac{ab\sqrt{c}}{2}\)
\(\ge a-\dfrac{b\sqrt{a.ac}}{2}\ge a-\dfrac{b\left(a+ac\right)}{4}\) \(\ge a-\dfrac{1}{4}\left(ab+abc\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{1+b^2c}\ge a-\dfrac{1}{4}\left(ab+abc\right).\) Tượng tự ta cũng có:
\(\dfrac{b}{1+c^2d}\ge b-\dfrac{1}{4}\left(bc+bcd\right);\dfrac{c}{1+d^2a}\ge c-\dfrac{1}{4}\left(cd+cda\right);\dfrac{d}{1+a^2b}\ge d-\dfrac{1}{4}\left(da+dab\right)\)
Cộng theo vế 4 BĐT trên ta được:
\(\dfrac{a}{1+b^2c}+\dfrac{b}{1+c^2d}+\dfrac{c}{1+d^2a}+\dfrac{d}{1+a^2b}\)
\(\ge a+b+c+d-\dfrac{1}{4}\)\(\left(ab+bc+cd+da+abc+bcd+cda+dab\right)\)
Lại áp dụng BĐT AM - GM ta có:
\(ab+bc+cd+da\) \(\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2=4\)
\(abc+bcd+cda+dab\) \(\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(a+b+c+d\right)^3=4\)
Do đó:
\(\dfrac{a}{1+b^2c}+\dfrac{b}{1+c^2d}+\dfrac{c}{1+d^2a}+\dfrac{d}{1+a^2b}\)
\(\ge a+b+c+d-2=2\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=d=1\)
CM BĐT : \(\frac{1}{a+b+c+d}\le\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{d}\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{d}\ge\frac{\left(1+1+1+1\right)^2}{a+b+c+d}=\frac{16}{a+b+c+d}\)
=> \(\frac{1}{a+b+c+d}\le\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{d}\right)\)
ÁP dụng BĐT : \(\frac{1}{a+a+b+c}+\frac{1}{a+b+b+c}+\frac{1}{a+b+c+c}\le\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)+\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)+\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{16}4\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)=\frac{1}{16}\cdot4\cdot4=1\)
Dấu '' = '' xảy ra khi a = b= c = 3/4
ta có: \(\frac{a}{1+b^2c}=a-\frac{ab^2c}{1+b^2c}\)
mà \(1+b^2c\ge2\sqrt{1\cdot b^2\cdot c}=2b\sqrt{c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{ab^2c}{1+b^2c}\le\frac{ab^2c}{2b\sqrt{c}}=\frac{ab\sqrt{c}}{2}\)
=> \(\frac{a}{1+b^2c}\ge a-\frac{ab\sqrt{c}}{2}\)
=> \(VT\ge\left(a+b+c+d\right)-\frac12\left(ab\sqrt{c}+bc\sqrt{d}+cd\sqrt{a}+da\sqrt{b}\right)\)
\(VT\ge4-\frac12\left(ab\sqrt{c}+bc\sqrt{d}+cd\sqrt{a}+da\sqrt{b}\right)\)
Để VT\(\ge2\) => \(ab\sqrt{c}+bc\sqrt{d}+cd\sqrt{a}+da\sqrt{b}\le4\)
mà \(\sqrt{c}\le\frac{c+1}{2}\)
=> \(ab\sqrt{c}+bc\sqrt{d}+cd\sqrt{a}+da\sqrt{b}\le\frac12\left(abc+bcd+cda+dab+ab+bc+cd+da\right)\)
ta có: \(ab+bc+cd+da=b\left(a+c\right)+d\left(c+a\right)=\left(a+c\right)\left(b+d\right)\)
ta có bđt: \(\left(a+c\right)\left(b+d\right)\le\left(\frac{a+c+b+d}{2}\right)^2=4\)
ta có: \(abc+bcd+cda+dab=ac\left(b+d\right)+bd\left(c+a\right)\)
mà \(ac\le\frac{\left(a+c\right)^2}{4},bd\le\frac{\left(b+d\right)^2}{4}\)
=> \(abc+bcd+cda+dab\le\frac{\left(a+c\right)^2}{4}\left(b+d\right)+\frac{\left(b+d\right)^2}{4}\left(c+a\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow abc+bcd+cda=dab\le\frac{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+d\right)}{4}\left(a+b+c+d\right)=\left(a+c\right)\left(b+d\right)\le4\)
=> \(ab\sqrt{c}+bc\sqrt{d}+cd\sqrt{a}+da\sqrt{b}\le\frac12\left(4+4\right)=4\)
=> \(VT\ge4-\frac12\cdot4=2\)