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b) \(\left(a+b\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\)
= \(1+\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}+1\)
=\(2+\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\)
áp dụng BĐT cô si cho 2 số ta có
\(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b}.\dfrac{b}{a}}=2\)
=> \(2+\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\ge4\)
<=> \(\left(a+b\right)\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)\ge4\)(đpcm)
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{2}{c}=0\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{2}{c}-\dfrac{1}{a}=\dfrac{2a-c}{ac}\\\dfrac{1}{a}=\dfrac{2}{c}-\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{2b-c}{bc}\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2a-c=\dfrac{ac}{b}\\2b-c=\dfrac{bc}{a}\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a+c}{2a-c}=\dfrac{b\left(a+c\right)}{ac}=\dfrac{ab}{ac}+\dfrac{bc}{ac}=\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{b}{a}\\\dfrac{b+c}{2b-c}=\dfrac{a\left(b+c\right)}{bc}=\dfrac{ab}{bc}+\dfrac{ac}{bc}=\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{a}{b}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Áp dụng bđt Cosi cho 2 số sương ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b}.\dfrac{b}{a}}=2\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{2}{c}=0\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2}{c}=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{c}\ge2\)(áp dụng \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\))
Ta có: \(\dfrac{a+c}{2a-c}+\dfrac{b+c}{2b-c}=\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)+\dfrac{a+b}{c}\ge2+2=4\)
Dấu "=" xawy ra khi và chỉ khi a=b=c
Áp dụng BĐT Cô - Si vào bài toán , ta có :
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\) ≥ \(\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{ab}}\)
⇔\(\left(a+b\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\) ≥ \(\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{ab}}.2\sqrt{ab}\)
⇔\(\left(a+b\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\) ≥ 4
⇔ \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\) ≥ \(\dfrac{4}{a+b}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi : a = b
Áp dụng BĐT Cô - si dạng Engel , ta có :
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\) ≥ \(\dfrac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{a+b}=\dfrac{4}{a+b}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi : a = b
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức \(\dfrac{9}{x+y+z}\le\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\) với x, y, z > 0 ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{2a+b}+\dfrac{1}{2b+c}+\dfrac{1}{2c+a}=\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{9}{a+a+b}+\dfrac{9}{b+b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+c+a}\right)\le\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)=\dfrac{1}{9}.3\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{3a}+\dfrac{1}{3b}+\dfrac{1}{3c}\).
2a)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức \(\dfrac{1}{a+b}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\forall a,b>0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}=\dfrac{1}{a+b+a+c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)\\\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}=\dfrac{1}{a+b+b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)\\\dfrac{1}{a+b+2c}=\dfrac{1}{a+c+b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b}\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{1}{4\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4\left(b+c\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(c+a\right)}\)
Chứng minh rằng \(\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(c+a\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức \(\dfrac{1}{a+b}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\forall a,b>0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{a+b}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\\\dfrac{1}{b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\\\dfrac{1}{c+a}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{2}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\) ( đpcm )
Vì \(\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(c+a\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
Mà \(VT\le\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(c+a\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b+2c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)( đpcm )
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
2b)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1+a^2\ge2\sqrt{a^2}=2a\\1+b^2\ge2\sqrt{b^2}=2b\\1+c^2\ge2\sqrt{c^2}=2c\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a}{1+a^2}\le\dfrac{a}{2a}=\dfrac{1}{2}\\\dfrac{b}{1+b^2}\le\dfrac{b}{2b}=\dfrac{1}{2}\\\dfrac{c}{1+c^2}\le\dfrac{c}{2c}=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{1+a^2}+\dfrac{b}{1+b^2}+\dfrac{c}{1+c^2}\le\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\) ( đpcm )
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Bài 1)
Nháp : nhìn nhanh ta thấy nên áp dụng BĐT \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\)
Giải
Vì x,y > 0 =) 2x + y > 0 , x + 2y > 0
Áp dụng BĐT cauchy dạng phân thức cho hai bộ số không âm \(\dfrac{1}{2x+y}\)và\(\dfrac{1}{x+2y}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x+2y}+\dfrac{1}{2x+y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+2y+2x+y}=\dfrac{4}{3\left(x+y\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(3x+3y\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2x+y}+\dfrac{1}{x+2y}\right)\ge\left(3x+3y\right).\dfrac{4}{3\left(x+y\right)}=4\)
Dấu '' = "xảy ra khi và chỉ khi x + 2y = y + 2x (=) x=y
Bài 1:
\(\dfrac{ab}{c}+\dfrac{bc}{a}+\dfrac{ac}{b}\ge a+b+c\) với a,b,c > 0
Áp dụng BĐT Chauchy cho 2 số không âm, ta có:
\(\dfrac{bc}{a}+\dfrac{ac}{b}=c\left(\dfrac{b}{a}+\dfrac{a}{b}\right)\ge c\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{a}.\dfrac{a}{b}}=2c\)
\(\dfrac{ac}{b}+\dfrac{ab}{c}=a\left(\dfrac{c}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}\right)\ge a\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{b}.\dfrac{b}{c}}=2a\)
\(\dfrac{ab}{c}+\dfrac{bc}{a}=b\left(\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)\ge b\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{c}.\dfrac{c}{a}}=2b\)
Cộng vế theo vế ta được:
\(2\left(\dfrac{ab}{c}+\dfrac{bc}{a}+\dfrac{ac}{b}\right)\ge2\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{ab}{c}+\dfrac{bc}{a}+\dfrac{ac}{b}\ge a+b+c\)
sai đề: cho \(a,b\ge1\) mới chuẩn
0 đâu có chuẩn nếu vậy 0+0 làm sao > 4
Nguyễn Hải Dương:ddu` ns cái vẹo j vậy :v
Ace Legona ý là giá trị a,b = 0 ko thoa mãn đề bài :D
Nguyễn Hải Dương:sửa đề; a,b >= 1 >0 r` mà :V
Ace Legona ak em nhìn nhầm
Ta có :
\(\left(a-1\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+1\ge2a\)
\(\Rightarrow2a-1\le a^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{2a-1}\ge\dfrac{a}{a^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{2a-1}\ge\dfrac{1}{a}\)
Tương tự ta có :
\(\dfrac{b}{2b-1}\ge\dfrac{1}{b}\)
Do đó : \(\dfrac{a}{2a-1}+\dfrac{b}{2b-1}\ge\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\)
*) Chứng minh bổ đề : \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\left(x,y>0\right)\)
Ta có :
\(\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2\ge2xy\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+2xy\ge4xy\)\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{xy\left(x+y\right)}\ge\dfrac{4xy}{xy\left(x+y\right)}\left(x,y>0\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x+y}{xy}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\)
*) Áp dụng bổ đè trên ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{2a-1}+\dfrac{b}{2b-1}\ge\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\) (1)
Ta có :
\(a+b-\left(1+ab\right)\)
\(=\left(a-ab\right)+\left(b-1\right)\)
\(=a\left(1-b\right)+\left(b-1\right)\)
\(=\left(1-b\right)\left(a-1\right)\)
Vì \(a,b\ge1\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-1\ge0\\1-b\le0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(1-b\right)\left(a-1\right)\le0\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b-\left(1+ab\right)\le0\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b\le1+ab\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{4}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{4}{1+ab}\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) ta được:
\(\dfrac{a}{2a-1}+\dfrac{b}{2b-1}\ge\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{4}{1+ab}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{2a-1}+\dfrac{b}{2b-1}\ge\dfrac{4}{1+ab}\)
\(\rightarrowđpcm\)