Ta có $\dfrac1{a^2+a}=\dfrac1{a(a+1)}$

Theo bất đẳng thức Cauchy Engel,

$\left(\sum\dfrac1{a(a+1)}\right)\left(\sum a(a+1)\right)\ge (1+1+1)^2=9$

Suy ra $\sum\dfrac1{a^2+a}\ge \dfrac9{a^2+b^2+c^2+a+b+c}$$\ge \dfrac9{\dfrac{(a+b+c)^2}{\,}+3}$$=\dfrac9{9+3}$$=\dfrac34$

Cách trên chưa đủ mạnh.

Dùng Cauchy–Engel:

$\sum\dfrac1{a^2+a}\ge \dfrac{(1+1+1)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+a+b+c}$

$=\dfrac9{a^2+b^2+c^2+3}$

Mà $a^2+b^2+c^2\le (a+b+c)^2=9$ nên $\sum\dfrac1{a^2+a}\ge \dfrac9{12}=\dfrac34$.

Để đạt cận $\dfrac32$, dùng tiếp bất đẳng thức

$\dfrac1{a(a+1)}\ge \dfrac{2(1-a)}{a}$ không thuận lợi.

Ta áp dụng Titu:

$\sum\dfrac1{a(a+1)}\ge \dfrac{(1+1+1)^2}{a(a+1)+b(b+1)+c(c+1)}$

$=\dfrac9{a^2+b^2+c^2+3}$$\ge \dfrac9{(a+b+c)^2-2(ab+bc+ca)+3}$

$=\dfrac9{12-2(ab+bc+ca)}$

Mà $ab+bc+ca\le 3$ nên $\sum\dfrac1{a(a+1)}\ge \dfrac9{12-6}=\dfrac32$

Dấu bằng khi $a=b=c=1$.

$\frac1{a^2+a}+\frac1{b^2+b}+\frac1{c^2+c}\ge \frac32.$

$a^2+b^2+c^2-2(ab+bc+ca)=(a+b+c)^2-4(ab+bc+ca)$

$\ge (a+b+c)^2-\dfrac43(a+b+c)^2\qquad \left(ab+bc+ca\le\dfrac{(a+b+c)^2}{3}\right)$$=-\dfrac13(a+b+c)^2$

Lại có $(a+b+c)^2\ge 3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}=3(abc)^{\frac23}<3$ nên cách này không đủ mạnh.

Ta dùng $a^2+b^2+c^2-2(ab+bc+ca)=(a-b)^2+(b-c)^2+(c-a)^2-(ab+bc+ca)$

$\ge -(ab+bc+ca)$

Theo AM-GM,

$ab+bc+ca\le 3\left(\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{3}\right)\le 3$ và do $abc<1$ nên không thể có $ab=bc=ca=1$.

Suy ra $ab+bc+ca<3$

$\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-2(ab+bc+ca)>-3$

$\boxed{a^2+b^2+c^2-2(ab+bc+ca)>-3.}$

Ta có $\left(\dfrac{a^2}{a+b}+\dfrac{b^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{c^2}{c+a}\right)\left[(a+b)+(b+c)+(c+a)\right]\ge (a+b+c)^2$

$\Rightarrow \dfrac{a^2}{a+b}+\dfrac{b^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{c^2}{c+a}\ge \dfrac{(a+b+c)^2}{2(a+b+c)}$

$\Rightarrow \dfrac{a^2}{a+b}+\dfrac{b^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{c^2}{c+a}\ge \dfrac{a+b+c}{2}$

$\Rightarrow \dfrac{a^2}{a+b}+\dfrac{b^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{c^2}{c+a}\ge \dfrac12$

(vì $a+b+c=1$).

$\boxed{\dfrac{a^2}{a+b}+\dfrac{b^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{c^2}{c+a}\ge \dfrac12}$

Cần gấp ko bạn

Nếu gấp thì sang web khác thử

ta có bđt phụ 1: với mọi số thực x;y ta luôn có xy\(\le\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}\)

CM: \(\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\)

=> \(x^2-2xy+y^2\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2+2xy+y^2\ge4xy\)

\(\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\)

=> \(xy\le\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}\)

ta CM tiếp bđt phụ thứ 2: với mọi số thực dương a, ta có \(a\left(1+a^2\right)\le\frac{\left(a+1\right)^2}{8}\)

CM: áp dụng bđt phụ thứ nhất ta có:

\(2a\left(1+a^2\right)\le\frac{\left\lbrack2a+\left(1+a^2\right)\right\rbrack^2}{4}=\frac{\left(a^2+2a+1\right)^2}{4}=\frac{\left(a+1\right)^4}{4}\)

=> \(a\left(1+a^2\right)\le\frac{\left(a+1\right)^4}{8}\)

CMTT: => \(b\left(1+b^2\right)\le\frac{\left(b+1\right)^4}{8}\)

=> \(c\left(1+c^2\right)\le\frac{\left(c+1\right)^4}{8}\)

=> \(abc\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)\left(1+c^2\right)\le\frac{\left\lbrack\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)\right\rbrack^4}{512}\)

=> cần CM: \(\frac{\left\lbrack\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)\right\rbrack^4}{512}\le8\Rightarrow\left(\left\lbrack a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)\right\rbrack^4\le8^4\)

mà ta có : \(\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\le\frac{\left(a+1+b+1\right)^2}{4}=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{4}\)

vì a+b+c=3

=>a+b=3-c thay vào biểu thức trên ta có:

\(\Rightarrow\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\le\frac{\left(3-c+2\right)^2}{4}=\frac{\left(5-c\right)^2}{4}\)

=>\(\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)\le\frac{\left(5-c\right)^2\left(c+1\right)}{4}\)

cần CM: \(\frac{\left(5-c\right)^2\left(c+1\right)}{4}\le8\Rightarrow\left(5-c\right)^2\left(c+1\right)\le32\)

\(\left(25-10c+c^2\right)\left(c+1\right)\le32\)

\(25c+25-10c^2-10c+c^3+c^2-32\le0\)

\(c^3-9c^2+15c-7\le0\)

\(c^3-c^2-8c^2+8c+7c-7\le0\)

\(c^2\left(c-1\right)-8c\left(c-1\right)+7\left(c-1\right)\le0\)

\(\left(c-1\right)\left(c^2-8c+7\right)\le0\)

\(\left(c-1\right)\left\lbrack c\left(c-1\right)-7\left(c-1\right)\right\rbrack\le0\)

\(\left(c-1\right)^2\left(c-7\right)\le0\)

vì a+b+c=3

=>0<c<3

=> \(\left(c-1\right)^2\left(c-7\right)\le0\) đúng với mọi c

vậy bđt dc chứng minh

Có : a + b + c = 0

=> (a + b)⁵ = (-c)⁵

      a⁵ + 5a⁴b + 10a³b² + 10a²b³ + 5ab⁴ + b⁵ = -c⁵

      a⁵ + b⁵ + c⁵ = -5a⁴b - 10a³b² - 10a²b³ - 5ab⁴

       a⁵ + b⁵ + c⁵ = -5ab(a³ + 2a²b + 2ab² + b³)

      a⁵ + b⁵ + c⁵ = -5ab[(a³ + b³) + (2a²b + 2ab²)]

      a⁵ + b⁵ + c⁵ = -5ab[(a + b)(a² - ab + b²) + 2ab(a + b)]

      a⁵ + b⁵ + c⁵ = -5ab(a + b)(a² + b² + ab)  

      a⁵ + b⁵ + c⁵ = 5abc(a² + b² + ab)   (do a+b+c=0=> a+b=-c)

      2(a⁵ + b⁵ + c⁵) = 5abc(2a² + 2b² + 2ab)

      2(a⁵ + b⁵ + c⁵) = 5abc[a² + b² +(a² + 2ab + b²)]

      2(a⁵ + b⁵ + c⁵) = 5abc[a² + b² + (a + b)²]

      2(a⁵ + b⁵ + c⁵) = 5abc(a² + b² + c²)    (do a+b=-c=> (a +b )² = c²

    \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(a^5+b^5+c^5=\dfrac{5}{2}abc\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)

Vậy...

b: (3x-2)^5+(5-x)^5+(-2x-3)^5=0

Đặt a=3x-2; b=-2x-3

Pt sẽ trở thành:

a^5+b^5-(a+b)^5=0

=>a^5+b^5-(a^5+5a^4b+10a^3b^2+10a^2b^3+5ab^4+b^5)=0

=>-5a^4b-10a^3b^2-10a^2b^3-5ab^4=0

=>-5a^4b-5ab^4-10a^3b^2-10a^2b^3=0

=>-5ab(a^3+b^3)-10a^2b^2(a+b)=0

=>-5ab(a+b)(a^2-ab+b^2)-10a^2b^2(a+b)=0

=>-5ab(a+b)(a^2-ab+b^2+2ab)=0

=>-5ab(a+b)(a^2+b^2+ab)=0

=>ab(a+b)=0

=>(3x-2)(-2x-3)(5-x)=0

=>\(x\in\left\{\dfrac{2}{3};-\dfrac{3}{2};5\right\}\)

Áp dụng BĐT Bunyakovski\(,\) ta có: \(\left(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\right)\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)

Do đó: \(VT\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^3}{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}}=\frac{abc\left(a+b+c\right)^3}{ab+bc+ca}\ge9abc\)

Bất đẳng thức cuối tương đương: \(\left(a+b+c\right)^3\ge9\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\) \((\ast)\)

Có: \(3=a^2+b^2+c^2=\left(a+b+c\right)^2-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)

\(\therefore\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2-3}{2}\)

\((\ast)\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^3\ge\frac{9}{2}\)\(\Big[(a+b+c)^2-3\Big] \)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{2}\left(2a+2b+2c+3\right)\left(a+b+c-3\right)^2\ge0\)

Bất đẳng thức cuối hiển nhiên.

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\). Done.

Thiên tài

Trước hết, với \(a+b+c=1\) ta có:

\(a^2+b^2+c^2=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\)

\(=\left(a^3+ab^2\right)+\left(b^3+bc^2\right)+\left(c^3+ca^2\right)+a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\)

\(\ge2a^2b+2b^2c+2c^2a+a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\)

Hay \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge3\left(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\right)\)

Từ đó:

\(\dfrac{a^2}{b}+\dfrac{b^2}{c}+\dfrac{c^2}{a}=\dfrac{a^4}{a^2b}+\dfrac{b^4}{b^2c}+\dfrac{c^4}{c^2a}\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{a^2b+b^2c+c^2a}\)

\(\ge\dfrac{3\left(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{a^2b+b^2c+c^2a}=3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\) (đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)

Đặt \(P=a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ca\)

\(P=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)

\(P\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{6}\left(a+b+c\right)^2=6\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)