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Lời giải:
Trước tiên, ta sẽ CM bất đẳng thức sau:\(P\geq \frac{a^2}{a+b}+\frac{b^2}{b+c}+\frac{c^2}{c+a}\)\((\star)\)
Thật vậy: BĐT tương đương với :
\(a^2\left (\frac{1}{b+c}-\frac{1}{a+b} \right )+b^2\left ( \frac{1}{c+a}-\frac{1}{b+c} \right )+c^2\left ( \frac{1}{a+b}-\frac{1}{a+c} \right )\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2(a^2-c^2)+b^2(b^2-a^2)+c^2(c^2-b^2)\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a^2-b^2)^2+(b^2-c^2)^2+(c^2-a^2)^2\geq 0\) (luôn đúng)
BĐT \((\star)\) được chứng minh .
Giờ ta chỉ cần tìm min của \(A=\frac{a^2}{a+b}+\frac{b^2}{b+c}+\frac{c^2}{c+a}\)
Để ý rằng \(A-\left(\frac{b^2}{a+b}+\frac{c^2}{c+a}+\frac{a^2}{c+a}\right)=\sum \left(\frac{a^2-b^2}{a+b}\right)=a-b+b-c+c-a=0\)
\(\Rightarrow 2A=\frac{a^2+b^2}{a+b}+\frac{b^2+c^2}{b+c}+\frac{c^2+a^2}{c+a}\). Sử dụng Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(2A\geq \frac{(\sqrt{a^2+b^2}+\sqrt{b^2+c^2}+\sqrt{c^2+a^2})^2}{2(a+b+c)}=\frac{1008}{a+b+c}\)
Sử dụng AM_GM: \(\sqrt{2016}=\sqrt{a^2+b^2}+\sqrt{b^2+c^2}+\sqrt{c^2+a^2}\geq \frac{a+b}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{b+c}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{c+a}{\sqrt{2}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c\leq 12\sqrt{7}\) suy ra \(A\geq 6\sqrt{7}\) suy ra \(P_{\min}=6\sqrt{7}\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=4\sqrt{7}\)
12. Ta có \(ab\le\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}\)
=> \(a^2-ab+3b^2+1\ge\frac{a^2}{2}+\frac{5}{2}b^2+1\)
Lại có \(\left(\frac{a^2}{2}+\frac{5}{2}b^2+1\right)\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{5}{2}+1\right)\ge\left(\frac{a}{2}+\frac{5}{2}b+1\right)^2\)
=> \(\sqrt{a^2-ab+3b^2+1}\ge\frac{a}{4}+\frac{5b}{4}+\frac{1}{2}\)
=> \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{a^2-ab+3b^2+1}}\le\frac{4}{a+b+b+b+b+b+1+1}\le\frac{4}{64}.\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{5}{b}+2\right)\)
Khi đó
\(P\le\frac{1}{16}\left(6\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)+6\right)\le\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
Vậy \(MaxP=\frac{3}{2}\)khi a=b=c=1
13. Ta có \(\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}\le1\)
\(\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}\ge\frac{9}{a+b+c+3}\)( BĐT cosi)
=> \(1\ge\frac{9}{a+b+c+3}\)
=> \(a+b+c\ge6\)
Ta có \(a^3-b^3=\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)\)
=> \(\frac{a^3-b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}=a-b\)
Tương tự \(\frac{b^3-c^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}=b-c\),,\(\frac{c^3-a^2}{c^2+ac+a^2}=c-a\)
Cộng 3 BT trên ta có
\(\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+ac+c^2}=\frac{b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+bc+b^2}+\frac{a^3}{a^2+ac+c^2}\)
Khi đó \(2P=\frac{a^3+b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+...\)
=> \(2P=\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}+....\)
Xét \(\frac{a^2-ab+b^2}{a^2+ab+b^2}\ge\frac{1}{3}\)
<=> \(3\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)\ge a^2+ab+b^2\)
<=> \(a^2+b^2\ge2ab\)(luôn đúng )
=> \(2P\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+b+c+a+c\right)=\frac{2}{3}.\left(a+b+c\right)\ge4\)
=> \(P\ge2\)
Vậy \(MinP=2\)khi a=b=c=2
Lưu ý : Chỗ .... là tương tự
a,\(\left(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}\right)+\sqrt{2}=\sqrt{3}\) (vi \(\sqrt{3}>\sqrt{2}\) )
b,\(3\sqrt{5}-\left(\sqrt{5}-1\right)\) =\(3\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{5}+1=2\sqrt{5}+1\)
c,\(\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}\right)^2-2\sqrt{3}+1}=\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)^2}=\sqrt{3}-1\)
BĐT Bunhiacopski:
\(P^2\le3\left(2a+2b+2c\right)=6.2021=12126\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\le\sqrt{12126}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\frac{2021}{3}\)
Câu 3. Dự đoán dấu "=" khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Dùng phương pháp chọn điểm rơi thôi :)
LG
Áp dụng bđt Cô-si được \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow1\ge3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{3}\ge\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{27}\ge a^2b^2c^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{27}}\ge abc\)
Khi đó :\(B=a+b+c+\frac{1}{abc}\)
\(=a+b+c+\frac{1}{9abc}+\frac{8}{9abc}\)
\(\ge4\sqrt[4]{abc.\frac{1}{9abc}}+\frac{8}{9.\frac{1}{\sqrt{27}}}\)
\(=4\sqrt[4]{\frac{1}{9}}+\frac{8\sqrt{27}}{9}=\frac{4}{\sqrt[4]{9}}+\frac{8}{\sqrt{3}}=\frac{4}{\sqrt{3}}+\frac{8}{\sqrt{3}}=\frac{12}{\sqrt{3}}=4\sqrt{3}\)
Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Vậy .........
2, \(A=\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{a+c}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}\)
\(A=\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{a+c}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}\)
\(A=\left[\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{\left(b+c\right)}{4}\right]+\left[\frac{b^2}{a+c}+\frac{\left(a+c\right)}{4}\right]+\left[\frac{c^2}{a+b}+\frac{\left(a+b\right)}{4}\right]-\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)}{2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(A\ge2.\sqrt{\frac{a^2}{4}}+2.\sqrt{\frac{b^2}{4}}+2.\sqrt{\frac{c^2}{4}}-\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)}{2}\)
\(A\ge a+b+c-\frac{6}{2}\)
\(A\ge6-3\)
\(A\ge3\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{a^2}{b+c}=\frac{b+c}{4}\Leftrightarrow4a^2=\left(b+c\right)^2\Leftrightarrow2a=b+c\)(1)
\(\frac{b^2}{a+c}=\frac{a+c}{4}\Leftrightarrow4b^2=\left(a+c\right)^2\Leftrightarrow2b=a+c\)(2)
\(\frac{c^2}{a+b}=\frac{a+b}{4}\Leftrightarrow4c^2=\left(a+b\right)^2\Leftrightarrow2c=a+b\)(3)
Lấy \(\left(1\right)-\left(3\right)\)ta có:
\(2a-2c=c+b-a-b=c-a\)
\(\Rightarrow2a-2c-c+a=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3.\left(a-c\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a-c=0\Leftrightarrow a=c\)
Chứng minh tương tự ta có: \(\hept{\begin{cases}b=c\\a=b\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow a=b=c=2\)
Vậy \(A_{min}=3\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=2\)