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2. Khi cho Na pư với rượu etylic thì Na sẽ pư với nước trước:
nH2= 5.6/22.4=0.25 mol
Gọi x,y lần lượt là số mol của nước và rượu:
H2O+ Na ---> NaOH +1/2 H2
xmol----------------------> x/2 mol
C2H5OH + Na ---> C2H5ONa +1/2H2
y mol-------------------------------------y/2mol
ta có hệ pt :18x+46y=20,2
x/2 + y/2=0,25
giải hệ : x=0.1 , y=0.4
mrượu = 0.4*46=18.4g
mnước = 0,1*18=1,8g
V(rượu nguyên chất )= m/D=18,4/0,8=23(ml)
V(dd rượu)=V(rượu nguyên chất)+ V( nước)= 23+m/D=24,8(ml)
Độ rượu=23.100/24,8=92,74(độ)
CH3COOH + Mg ---> CH3COOMg + 1/2H2
(mol) 0,026 0,026 0,013
a) nCH3COOMg = 2,13 : 83 = 0,026 mol
=> C\(_M\)CH3COOH = 0,026 : 0,02 = 1,3 M
b) V\(_{H2}\)= 0,013 . 22,4 = 0,2912(lit)
c) CH3COOH + NaOH ----> CH3COONa + H2O
1.
\(PTHH:2CH_3COOH+Mg\rightarrow\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Mg+H_2\)
\(n_{Mg}=\frac{7,2}{24}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{CH3COOH}=\frac{120.20}{100}=24\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{CH3COOH}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT:
\(n_{\left(CH3COO\right)2Mg}=\frac{1}{2}n_{CH3COOH}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{\left(CH3COO\right)2Mg}=28,4\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd_{spu}}=7,2+120-0,4=126,8\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{CH3COOMg}=22,3\%\)
2.
\(PTHH:CH_3COOH+NaOH\rightarrow CH_3COONa+H_2O\)
Ta có :
\(m_{CH3COH}=\frac{15.120}{100}=18\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{CH3COOH}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{NaOH}=\frac{20.100}{100}=20g\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT thì NaOH dư
\(n_{CH3COONa}=n_{CH3COOH}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{CH3COONa}=24,6\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{dd\left(spu\right)}=120+100=220\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{CH3COONa}=11,2\%\)
3.
\(n_{CaO}=\frac{14}{56}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{CH3COOH}=\frac{200.18}{100}=36\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{CH3COOH}=\frac{36}{60}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:2CH_3COOH+CaO\rightarrow\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Ca+H_2O\)
Lập tỉ lệ: \(\frac{0,25}{1}< \frac{0,6}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) CaO hết. CH3COOH dư
\(n_{CH3COOH_{dư}}=0,6-0,25.2=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{dd\left(thu.duoc\right)}=14+200=214\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{\left(CH3COO\right)2Na}=\frac{0,25.158}{214}.100\%=18,46\%\)
\(C\%_{CH3COOH_{dư}}=\frac{0,1.60}{214}.100\%=2,8\%\)
4.
\(m_{Na2CO3}=\frac{42,4.10}{100}=4,24\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Na2CO3}=\frac{4,24}{106}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{CO2}=\frac{0,448}{22,4}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:2CH_2COOH+Na_2CO_3\rightarrow2CH_3COONa+H_2O+CO_2\)
_______0,04 ___________ 0,02 ____________ 0,04 __________ 0,02
Sau phản ứng Na2CO3 dư.
\(n_{Na2CO3_{dư}}=0,04-0,02=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{dd\left(CH3COOH\right)}=\frac{2,4.100}{5}.100\%=48\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{dd\left(Spu\right)}=m_{dd\left(Na2CO3\right)}+m_{dd_{Axit}}-m_{CO2}\)
\(=42,4+48-0,02.44=89,52\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{CH3COOH}=0,04.60=2,4\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{Na2CO3\left(dư\right)}=\frac{0,02.106}{89,52}.100\%=2,37\%\)
\(C\%_{CH3COONa}=\frac{0,04.82}{89,52}.100\%=3,66\%\)
1. \(n_{NaCl}=x\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:Na_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2NaCl+CO_2+H_2O\)
\(m_{ddspu}=200+120-22x=320-22x\left(g\right)\)
Theo đề bài ta có:
\(\frac{58,5x}{320-22x}.100\%=20\%\\ \Leftrightarrow.........................\\ \Leftrightarrow x=1,02\left(mol\right)\)
\(C\%_{Na_2CO_3}=\frac{\frac{1,02}{2}.106}{200}.100\%=27,03\left(\%\right)\)
\(C\%_{Na_2CO_3}=\frac{1,02.36,5}{120}.100\%=31,03\left(\%\right)\)
2. \(n_{NaCl}=x\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:Na_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2NaCl+CO_2+H_2O\)
\(m_{ddspu}=307+365-22x=672-22x\left(g\right)\)
Theo đề bài ta có:
\(\frac{58,5x}{672-22x}.100\%=9\%\\ \Leftrightarrow.........................\\ \Leftrightarrow x=1\left(mol\right)\)
\(C\%_{Na_2CO_3}=\frac{\frac{1}{2}.106}{307}.100\%=17,26\left(\%\right)\)
\(C\%_{Na_2CO_3}=\frac{1.36,5}{365}.100\%=10\left(\%\right)\)
Bài1:
nNa2CO3 = x
Na2CO3 + 2HCl —> 2NaCl + CO2 + H2O
x…………….2x……………2x……..x
mdd sau phản ứng = mddNa2CO3 + mddHCl – mCO2 = 320 – 44x
C%NaCl = 58,5.2x/(320 – 44x) = 20%
—> x = 0,5087
C%Na2CO3 = 106x/200 = 26,96%
C%HCl = 36,5.2x/120 = 30,95%
Bài 2:
Gọi x là số mol của Na2CO3( chất tan)
Na2CO3 + 2HCl ---> 2NaCl + H2O + CO2
__x_______2x_______2x___________x
Ta có:
m NaCl = 117x (g)
m dd sau phản ứng = (307 + 365) - 44x ( mdd = m trươc p/ú - m khí )
Ta có: m ct / m dd = C / 100
=> 117x / (672 - 44x) = 9 \ 100
Giải ra x = 0.5(mol)
=> C% Na2CO3 = (0.5 x 106) / (672 - 44 x 0,5) x 100 = 8.15%
=> C% HCl = ( 2 x 0,5 x 36.5) / ( 672 - 44x0.5) x 100 =5.61%
ok
\(a,n_{CH_3COOH}=\dfrac{120.20}{100}=24\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow n_{CH_3COOH}=\dfrac{24}{60}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(2CH_3COOH+Na_2CO_3\rightarrow2CH_3COONa+CO_2\uparrow+H_2O\)
0,4----------->0,2-------------->0,4-------------->0,2
\(\rightarrow m_{ddNa_2CO_3}=\dfrac{0,2.106}{10\%}=212\left(g\right)\)
\(\rightarrow m_{ddA}=212+120-0,2.44=323,2\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow C\%_{CH_3COONa}=\dfrac{0,4.82}{323,2}.100\%=10,15\%\)
b, PTHH: \(C_2H_5OH+O_2\underrightarrow{\text{men giấm}}CH_3COOH+H_2O\)
0,4<------------------------0,4
\(\rightarrow V_{ddC_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{0,4.46.100}{0,8.46}=50\left(ml\right)\)