Bài 46: (Sgk/57)

a) \(\dfrac{1+\dfrac{1}{x}}{1-\dfrac{1}{x}}\) = (1+\(\dfrac{1}{x}\)) : (1-\(\dfrac{1}{x}\)) = \(\dfrac{x+1}{x}:\dfrac{x-1}{x}=\dfrac{x+1}{x}.\dfrac{x}{x-1}=\dfrac{x+1}{x-1}\)

b)

​\(\dfrac{1-\dfrac{2}{x+1}}{1-\dfrac{x^{2^{ }}-2}{x^2-1}}\)​=\(\left(1-\dfrac{2}{x+1}\right):\left(1-\dfrac{x^2-2}{x^2-1}\right)=\dfrac{x+1-2}{x+1}:\dfrac{x^2-1-\left(x^2-2\right)}{x^2-1}=\dfrac{x-1}{x+1}:\dfrac{x^2-1-x^2+2}{x^2-1}=\dfrac{x-1}{x+1}:\dfrac{1}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}=\dfrac{x-1}{x+1}.\dfrac{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}{1}=\left(x-1\right)^2\)

a)+

Áp dụng câu a) ta có :

Dùng kết quả câu b) ta có :

b)Đối với các biểu thức có dạng đã cho có thể dự đoán như sau :

Qua các kết quả của các bài ở câu a ta thấy kết quả tiếp theo sau là một phân thức mà tử bằng tổng của tử và mẫu, còn mẫu là tử của kết quả vế trước đó.

Như vậy có thể dự đoán rằng nếu biểu thức có 4 gạch phân số thì kết quả là , và trong trường hợp này có 5 gạch phân số, kết quả sẽ là .

Thật vậy :

Do đó

a/ \(1-\dfrac{1}{1-\dfrac{1}{x}}=1-\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{x-1}{x}}=1-\dfrac{x}{x-1}=\dfrac{x-1-x}{x-1}=\dfrac{-1}{x-1}\)

b/ \(\dfrac{\dfrac{x}{x+1}-\dfrac{x-1}{x}}{\dfrac{x}{x-1}-\dfrac{x-1}{x}}=\dfrac{\dfrac{x^2-\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}{x.\left(x+1\right)}}{\dfrac{x^2-\left(x-1\right)^2}{x.\left(x-1\right)}}=\dfrac{\dfrac{x^2-x^2+1}{x.\left(x+1\right)}}{\dfrac{x^2-x^2+2x-1}{x.\left(x-1\right)}}\)

\(=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{x.\left(x+1\right)}}{\dfrac{2x-1}{x.\left(x-1\right)}}=\dfrac{1}{x.\left(x+1\right)}:\dfrac{2x-1}{x.\left(x-1\right)}=\dfrac{x.\left(x-1\right)}{x.\left(x+1\right)\left(2x-1\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{x-1}{2x^2-x+2x-1}=\dfrac{x-1}{2x^2+x-1}\)

a) \(1-\dfrac{1}{1-\dfrac{1}{x}}=1-\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{x-1}{x}}=\dfrac{x-1-x}{x-1}\)

\(=\dfrac{-1}{x-1}\)

b) \(\dfrac{\dfrac{x}{x+1}-\dfrac{x-1}{x}}{\dfrac{x}{x-1}-\dfrac{x-1}{x}}=\dfrac{\dfrac{x^2-\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)}{x\left(x+1\right)}}{\dfrac{x^2-\left(x-1\right)^2}{x\left(x-1\right)}}\)

\(=\dfrac{\dfrac{x^2-\left(x^2-1\right)}{x\left(x+1\right)}}{\dfrac{x^2-\left(x-1\right)^2}{x\left(x-1\right)}}=\dfrac{x-1}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x^2+2x-1\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{x-1}{2x^2+x-1}\)

\(\frac{x+\frac{1}{y}}{y+\frac{1}{x}}=\frac{\frac{xy}{y}}{\frac{xy}{x}}=\frac{xy}{y}.\frac{x}{xy}=\frac{x}{y}\)

\(\frac{x+\frac{1}{y}}{y+\frac{1}{x}}=\left(x+\frac{1}{y}\right):\left(y+\frac{1}{x}\right)=\frac{xy+1}{y}:\frac{xy+1}{x}=\frac{\left(xy+1\right)\cdot x}{\left(xy+1\right)\cdot y}=\frac{x}{y}\).

\(A=\dfrac{\dfrac{x}{x-1}-\dfrac{x+1}{x}}{\dfrac{x}{x+1}-\dfrac{x-1}{x}}=\dfrac{\dfrac{x^2-\left(x^2-1\right)}{x\left(x-1\right)}}{\dfrac{x^2-\left(x^2-1\right)}{x\left(x+1\right)}}=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{x\left(x-1\right)}}{\dfrac{1}{x\left(x+1\right)}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ne\left\{0;\pm1\right\}\\A=\dfrac{x+1}{x-1}\end{matrix}\right.\)

a) \(\frac{1+\frac{1}{x}}{x-\frac{1}{x}}=\frac{x+1}{x}\div\frac{x^2-1}{x}=\frac{x+1}{x}\cdot\frac{x}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)}=\frac{1}{x-1}\)

b) \(\left(\frac{1}{x^2+4x+4}-\frac{1}{x^2-4x+4}\right)\div\left(\frac{1}{x+2}+\frac{1}{x-2}\right)=\frac{\left(x-2\right)^2-\left(x+2^2\right)}{\left(x^2-4\right)^2}\div\frac{x-2+x+2}{x^2-4}\)

\(=\frac{\left(x-2+x+2\right)\left(x-2-x-2\right)}{\left(x^2-4\right)^2}\cdot\frac{x^2-4}{2x}=\frac{2x\cdot\left(-4\right)}{x^2-4}\cdot\frac{1}{2x}=\frac{-4}{x^2-4}\)

a) \(\frac{1+\frac{1}{x}}{x-\frac{1}{x}}=\frac{\frac{x+1}{x}}{\frac{x^2-1}{x}}=\frac{x+1}{x}\cdot\frac{x}{x^2-1}=\frac{1}{x-1}\)

b) \(\left(\frac{1}{\left(x+2\right)^2}-\frac{1}{\left(x-2^2\right)}\right):\left(\frac{1}{x+2}+\frac{1}{x-2}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{\left(x-2\right)^2-\left(x+2\right)^2}{\left(x+2\right)^2\left(x-2\right)^2}\right):\left(\frac{1}{x+2}+\frac{1}{x-2}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{x^2-4x+4-x^2-4x-4}{\left[\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)\right]^2}\right):\left(\frac{x-2+x+2}{x^2-4}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{-8x}{\left(x^2-4\right)^2}\cdot\frac{x^2-4}{2x}\)\(\Leftrightarrow-\frac{4}{x^2-4}\)

d) \(\frac{3x}{x^3-1}+\frac{x-1}{x^2+x+1}\Leftrightarrow\frac{3x}{x^3-1}+\frac{\left(x-1\right)^2}{x^3-1}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2-2x+1+3x}{x^3-1}=\frac{x^2+x+1}{x^3-1}=\frac{1}{x-1}\)

còn lại chút giải tiếp !!!

a: \(=1+\dfrac{x+1}{x-1}-\dfrac{x-1}{x+1}\)

\(=\dfrac{x^2-1+x^2+2x+1-x^2+2x-1}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{x^2+4x-1}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}\)

b: \(=\dfrac{1-x^3+x^3}{1-x^3}=\dfrac{1}{1-x^3}\)

a/ \(\frac{7x-14y}{x^2-4y^2}=\frac{7\left(x-2y\right)}{x^2-\left(2y\right)^2}=\frac{7\left(x-2y\right)}{\left(x-2y\right)\left(x+2y\right)}=\frac{7}{x+2y}.\)

b/ \(\frac{1-\frac{2y}{x}+\frac{y^2}{x^2}}{\frac{1}{x}-\frac{1}{y}}=\frac{\frac{x^2-2xy+y^2}{x^2}}{\frac{y-x}{xy}}=\frac{\left(x-y\right)^2}{x^2}.\frac{xy}{-\left(x-y\right)}=-\frac{y\left(x-y\right)}{x}=\frac{y\left(y-x\right)}{x}\)