Bài 1

*Chứng minh bằng AM-GM

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM ta có :

\(\hept{\begin{cases}a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}\\\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{abc}}\end{cases}\Rightarrow}\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}\cdot3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{abc}}=9\sqrt[3]{abc\cdot\frac{1}{abc}}=9\)

Vậy ta có đpcm

Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> a=b=c

Bài 1

*Chứng minh bằng Cauchy-Schwarz

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel ta có :

\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{a+b+c}=\frac{9}{a+b+c}\)

=> \(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)\cdot\frac{9}{a+b+c}=9\left(đpcm\right)\)

Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> a=b=c

1/ \(4\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)⋮3\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(2a-b\right)^2+3b^2⋮3\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(2a-b\right)^2⋮3\)

\(\Rightarrow2a-b⋮3\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(2a-b\right)^2⋮9\)

\(\Rightarrow3b^2⋮9\)

\(\Rightarrow b⋮3\)

\(\Rightarrow a⋮3\)

Câu 2 làm hoi dài nên lười

Bài 1:Với \(ab=1;a+b\ne0\) ta có: 

\(P=\frac{a^3+b^3}{\left(a+b\right)^3\left(ab\right)^3}+\frac{3\left(a^2+b^2\right)}{\left(a+b\right)^4\left(ab\right)^2}+\frac{6\left(a+b\right)}{\left(a+b\right)^5\left(ab\right)}\)

\(=\frac{a^3+b^3}{\left(a+b\right)^3}+\frac{3\left(a^2+b^2\right)}{\left(a+b\right)^4}+\frac{6\left(a+b\right)}{\left(a+b\right)^5}\)

\(=\frac{a^2+b^2-1}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{3\left(a^2+b^2\right)}{\left(a+b\right)^4}+\frac{6}{\left(a+b\right)^4}\)

\(=\frac{\left(a^2+b^2-1\right)\left(a+b\right)^2+3\left(a^2+b^2\right)+6}{\left(a+b\right)^4}\)

\(=\frac{\left(a^2+b^2-1\right)\left(a^2+b^2+2\right)+3\left(a^2+b^2\right)+6}{\left(a+b\right)^4}\)

\(=\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2+4\left(a^2+b^2\right)+4}{\left(a+b\right)^4}=\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+2\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)^4}\)

\(=\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+2ab\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)^4}=\frac{\left[\left(a+b\right)^2\right]^2}{\left(a+b\right)^4}=1\)

Bài 2: \(2x^2+x+3=3x\sqrt{x+3}\)

Đk:\(x\ge-3\)

\(pt\Leftrightarrow2x^2-3x\sqrt{x+3}+\sqrt{\left(x+3\right)^2}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-2x\sqrt{x+3}-x\sqrt{x+3}+\sqrt{\left(x+3\right)^2}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x\left(x-\sqrt{x+3}\right)-\sqrt{x+3}\left(x-\sqrt{x+3}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\sqrt{x+3}\right)\left(2x-\sqrt{x+3}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}\sqrt{x+3}=x\\\sqrt{x+3}=2x\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x+3=x^2\left(x\ge0\right)\\x+3=4x^2\left(x\ge0\right)\end{cases}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x^2-x-3=0\left(x\ge0\right)\\4x^2-x-3=0\left(x\ge0\right)\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=\frac{1+\sqrt{13}}{2}\\x=1\end{cases}\left(x\ge0\right)}\)

Bài 4:

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có: 

\(2\sqrt{ab}\le a+b\le1\Rightarrow b\le\frac{1}{4a}\)

Ta có: \(a^2-\frac{3}{4a}-\frac{a}{b}\le a^2-\frac{3}{4a}-4a^2=-\left(3a^2+\frac{3}{4a}\right)\)

\(=-\left(3a^2+\frac{3}{8a}+\frac{3}{8a}\right)\le-3\sqrt[3]{3a^2\cdot\frac{3}{8a}\cdot\frac{3}{8a}}=-\frac{9}{4}\)

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)

1.

Giả sử $a^{2016}+b^{2017}+c^{2018}\vdots 6.$

Ta cần chứng minh $a^{2018}+b^{2019}+c^{2020}\vdots 6.$

Ta có $a^{2018}-a^{2016}=a^{2016}(a^2-1)=a^{2016}(a-1)(a+1).$

Trong ba số nguyên liên tiếp $a-1,\ a,\ a+1$ luôn có một số chia hết cho $3$ và có ít nhất một số chẵn.

Do đó $a(a-1)(a+1)\vdots6.$

Suy ra $a^{2016}(a^2-1)=a^{2015}\cdot a(a-1)(a+1)\vdots6,$ hay $a^{2018}\equiv a^{2016}\pmod6.$

Tương tự, $b^{2019}-b^{2017}=b^{2017}(b^2-1)=b^{2016}\cdot b(b-1)(b+1)\vdots6,$ nên $b^{2019}\equiv b^{2017}\pmod6.$

Lại có $c^{2020}-c^{2018}=c^{2018}(c^2-1)=c^{2017}\cdot c(c-1)(c+1)\vdots6,$

=nên $c^{2020}\equiv c^{2018}\pmod6.$

Cộng ba đồng dư trên,

$a^{2018}+b^{2019}+c^{2020}\equiva^{2016}+b^{2017}+c^{2018}\pmod6.$

Theo giả thiết, $a^{2016}+b^{2017}+c^{2018}\equiv0\pmod6.$

Suy ra $a^{2018}+b^{2019}+c^{2020}\equiv0\pmod6.$

Vậy $a^{2018}+b^{2019}+c^{2020}$ chia hết cho $6.$

2.

$\displaystyleM=\frac{a^2+4a+1}{a^2+a}+\frac{b^2+4b+1}{b^2+b}+\frac{c^2+4c+1}{c^2+c}.$

Ta có $\displaystyle\frac{x^2+4x+1}{x^2+x}=\frac{x^2+x+3x+1}{x(x+1)}=1+\frac{3x+1}{x(x+1)}.$

Lại có $\displaystyle\frac{3x+1}{x(x+1)}=\frac1x+\frac2{x+1}.`$

Do đó $\displaystyle\frac{x^2+4x+1}{x^2+x}=1+\frac1x+\frac2{x+1}.$

Suy ra $\displaystyleM=3+\left(\frac1a+\frac1b+\frac1c\right)+2\left(\frac1{a+1}+\frac1{b+1}+\frac1{c+1}\right).$

Theo bất đẳng thức Cauchy,

$\displaystyle(a+b+c)\left(\frac1a+\frac1b+\frac1c\right)\ge(1+1+1)^2=9.$

Vì $a+b+c\le3,$ nên $\displaystyle\frac1a+\frac1b+\frac1c\ge\frac9{a+b+c}\ge3.$

Mặt khác, áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy,

$\displaystyle(a+b+c+3)\left(\frac1{a+1}+\frac1{b+1}+\frac1{c+1}\right)\ge9.$

Do $a+b+c+3\le6,$ suy ra $\displaystyle\frac1{a+1}+\frac1{b+1}+\frac1{c+1}\ge\frac96=\frac32.$

Vậy $\displaystyleM\ge3+3+2\cdot\frac32=9.$

Dấu ``='' xảy ra khi $a=b=c=1,$ vì khi đó $a+b+c=3$ và các bất đẳng thức Cauchy đều đạt dấu bằng.

Vậy $M_{\min}=9.$